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Reforming the Masque: The Dialectic of the Antimasque and Masque in Milton's Comus
유인철 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2011 중세근세영문학 Vol.21 No.2
In the seventeenth century, the court masque played the role of royal propaganda by celebrating the political order and harmony of the society. The order that the court masque represented could be achieved through either its reconciliation or banishment of the antimasque which symbolizes “forces of anarchy, rebellion, and disorder.” Milton's Comus, however, attempts to reshape the masque tradition in that the antimasques, not the masque itself,represents England. Moreover, compared with Jonson's Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue and Carew's Coelum Britannicum, Milton's Comus not only reverses the roles of the antimasque and masque but more importantly, reflects Milton's complicated, reformative responses to the masque tradition. Milton, the revisionist of the masque genre, culminates in his development of the dialectic relation between the antimasque and masque, in which the two coexist, not excluding the other while keeping their own nature unaltered. Unlike the masque tradition before Milton which segregates the world of the antimasque and that of the masque, in Milton's masque, Comus the leader of the antimasque is attributed to have a virtuous function of testing the young children's “youth,” “faith,” “patience,” and “strength,” thus contributing to their moral growth.
Translation, Creation, and Empowerment in Chaucer’s Clerk’s Tale
유인철 한국영어영문학회 2011 영어 영문학 Vol.57 No.6
In this paper, I discuss Chaucer’s Clerk’s Tale by viewing the relationship between Walter and Griselda as that of a medieval translator and his translation. My major concern is how a medieval translation can serve power, more specifically the consolidation of power under particular historical circumstances. The motive and the process of Walter’s creative translation of Griselda are closely examined to show that his translation,which includes a creation of a new Griselda as a pinnacle of wifely virtue of patience, is performed as a form of political propaganda, ultimately aimed at strengthening his governing power over his people and land. My discussion of the Clerk’s Tale ends with the comparison of the two translators, Walter and the Clerk, the latter of whom is an example of an unsuccessful translator for his lack of creation in the translation.
The Politics of Chaucer’s Boece
유인철 한국중세근세영문학회 2010 중세르네상스 영문학 Vol.18 No.2
By focusing on the historicity and politics of translation, I discuss in this paper the political motive and functions of The Boece, Chaucer’s translation from Boethius’s De Consolatione Philosophiae. After examining the political implications of Boethius’s work, I argue that the Latin source provides an insight into the nature of royal power, especially its perversion into tyranny. From the investigation of the history and politics in the early 1380s when the young Richard began to establish his sovereignty firmly, I suggest an educational motive of Chaucer’s Boece for the king: the translation might have been aimed at giving the young king lessons about what constitutes a tyrant, thus warning him of the vices and dangers of aggregating excessive governing power. I also suggest that, during the period from the mid-1380s to 1399 when the king became more and more tyrannical, The Boece may have had potential resonance with the concerns of the king’s opponents, his magnates, about the misuse of royal power. I conclude with the observation that, contrary to Chaucer’s expectations of diverting the king from the dangerous road of excessive power, his Boece could have served as one of the tools of attack for the magnates to confront, and eventually depose, Richard II.
스펜서의 『요정 여왕』 제2권에 나타난권력의 가면 벗기기
유인철 한국중세근세영문학회 2017 중세르네상스 영문학 Vol.25 No.2
By analyzing Spenser’s Book 2 of The Faerie Queene on the basis of Foucault’s discussion of power, this paper attempts to reconfigure the poet freshly as an inquirer of power, thus shedding new light on his relationship to Queen Elizabeth I. For his glorification of the fairy queen Gloriana in the epic poem, Spenser has conventionally been criticised as an upholder of monarchical power. However, he does not just praise the queenship in the the second Book; more importantly, to use Foucault’s own terms, Spenser explores the nature and limits of sovereign power and suggests another new form of power, which is similar in its operation process to disciplinary power. Moreover, through his detailed description of the final scene in the Book about the destruction of the Bower of Bliss, he shows how effective it is to combine the sovereign power and the new power similar to Foucault’s disciplinary power. After discussing how Spenser unmasks the core elements and mechanism of the two forms of power and suggests an ideal way of exercising power, this paper concludes that as an inquirer of power, Spenser could play in the Book the role of an educator of the queen, instructing her how to control her subjects effectively in time for the crisis of her sovereign power.
A Millimeter-wave CMOS Cross-Polarization Leakage Canceller for Dual-Polarized MIMO Systems
유인철,조동욱,변철우 한국과학기술원 반도체설계교육센터 2022 IDEC Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems Vol.8 No.3
This article introduces a power-efficient millimeter-wave CMOS cross-polarization canceller for dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) systems. The dual-polarized MIMO systems can transmit two independent data streams at the same time using a horizontally polarized and vertically polarized waves. A dual-polarized antenna provides a cross-polarization isolation, which offers spatial diversity. However, the module placement, propagation, and antenna/package non-idealities cause polarization coupling resulting in degradation of the error vector magnitude. To reduce cross-polarization leakage from these non-idealities, a power-efficient passive cross-polarization leakage cancellation path is introduced. The cross-polarization leakage canceller consists of horizontal path (H-path), vertical to horizontal cancellation (V-H C) path, vertical path (V-path), and horizontal to vertical cancellation (H-V C) path. The H-path and V-path consist of the variable gain amplifier (VGA), and the V-H C path and H-V C path consist of reflection type attenuator, 0/90° 1-bit phase shifter, 0/180° 1-bit phase shifter, and 0 to 90° continuous phase shifter. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the proposed cross-polarization canceller improved the cross-polarization isolation better than 21.7 dB.