교육부문에서 성(불)평등1)에 관한 국내연구의 동향과 과제

오재림 한국교육사회학회 2003 한국교육사회학회 학술대회 발표 자료 Vol.2003 No.-

교육부문에서 성평등에 관한 국내연구의 동향과 과제

오재림 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 2006 아시아여성연구 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 1970년대 이후 교육 분야에서 본격적으로 성평등 연구가 시작된 이래 수행된 성불평등에 대한 연구와 논의들을 한번 되짚어 봄으로써 성별 문제와 관련하여 우리 교육의 현재 상황 대한 바른 인식의 기회를 제공하고, 후속 연구의 방향과 통찰력을 제공하는 계기를 마련하려는 목적에서 출발한다. 그간의 연구들을 분석해 본 결과 국내에서 수행된 교육 분야의 성불평등에 관한 연구의 특징 중 하나는 우리 교육 속에 존재하는 성차별과 성불평등의 성격과 현실을 드러내고 개선방향을 제시하는 연구이고, 다른 하나는 거기에서 한 단계 더 나아가서 그러한 상황이 만들어지는 다양한 관계에 대한 분석과 이를 극복하기 위한 방법을 모색하는 연구 등인 것을 알 수 있다. 기존의 학교교육에서의 성평등 연구들을 그 성격과 주제별로 분석해 본 결과 연구들이 대부분 교육학 내의 특정 학문분야에만 한정되어 있다는 점, 대부분의 성평등 연구가 여성연구자들에 의해서 진행되었다는 점, 그리고 성불평등 상황에 대한 분석은 많지만 그러한 현실이 재생산되는데 기여하고 있는 사회와 교육 분야 내에 존재하는 불평등한 성별 관계에 관한 분석 등은 아직 미흡하다는 점 등으로 조사되었다. 따라서 앞으로는 학교교육 내의 성불평등 현상에 대한 거시적 분석과 더불어 그러한 현상을 만들어내는 다양한 성별 관계와 그러한 관계구조의 구성 및 유지양식 등에 대한 심층적인 분석과 연구가 많이 진행될 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine previous researches regrading gender equity and gender equality issues in Korean education system and provide insights for further studies. It has been just over thirty years since education researches started to pay more serious attention to gender issues in schooling in Korea. Therefore, it is time to look into more closely what we have accomplished in the area of studying gender (in)equality issues in Korean education system over the years. It is expected that based on the results, we would expect to see more clearly what our next steps should be in order to improve our school system regarding gender equity issues. Examining the data reveal that in general there appear to be two different approaches to gender studies in education: one is to point out the problems in education in relation to gender equity issues and the other is to analyze/find out underlying mechanisms of persistent gender equity/equality problems in our educational system. The results also show that almost all studies dealing with gender issues in education were conducted mainly by female scholars in a few specific areas in the field of education. And this could be a strong indication to why gender issues and problems in our education system is so hard to be resolved. It was quite apparent that researching gender equity/equality in education has not been accepted and thus not regarded as a mainstream of education research yet. Therefore, in order to further improve our school system to be more equal and fair, we need to have more active involvement from male educators and scholars in various areas in the field of education.

미국 대학생의 성별에 따른 전공선택과 변경의 유형에 관한 연구 - 스탠포드 대학교(Stanford University) 학생들을 대상으로 -

오재림 한국교육사회학회 1992 교육사회학연구 Vol.2 No.1

여성결혼이민자 인적자원개발 전문가 교육 프로그램 개발

오재림 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2008 아시아여성연구 Vol.47 No.1

한국과 스웨덴의 과학, 기술, 공학분야에서의 젠더 문제와 성평등정책 비교분석

오재림,유숙란,곽지이,안재희 한국비교교육학회 2006 比較敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.4

Women’s Political Participation and the Change of Family Law: A Case Study of the Abolition Process of Family Head System (the Hojuje) in Korea

오재림 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2007 Asian Women Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this research was to show that women’s empowerment was a necessary condition in the abolition of the Hojuje by examining various kinds of women’s political participation and behavioral patterns involved in the movement to abolish the Hojuje. What this research was trying to investigate was that although to a certain degree it may be true that social movements toward democracy since the 1980s in Korea had a strong impact on the changing social climate, it did not necessarily or automatically change the society to a more equal one from gender perspective. This would mean that it should be necessary for women themselves to be empowered to have a strong political power in order to change the law, and thus to change the society.In examining the abolition process of the Hojuje, it was clear that Korean women’s political participation through those long struggling years became a solid foundation for raising the status of women in the society by providing empowering forces for women to change even the laws. It was also clear that in the process women’s organizations or groups grew to become a negotiating power force against the government. In addition, changes of women voters’ consciousness and of roles played by women National Assembly members as law makers also clearly tell us that they are the crucial forces in order to obtain true equal rights by women from gender perspective.

Introduction

오재림 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2009 Asian Women Vol.25 No.4

농어촌 출신 여대생들의 대학교육 경험의 의미

오재림,안재희 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1999 아시아여성연구 Vol.38 No.-

The characteristics of the university student body is changing very quickly in recent years in Korea. This changing trend is partially due to the university's effort to provide more people with an access to the higher education as part of an equal opportunity policy. Therefore, in recent years universities are trying very hard to develop diverse ways of selecting their freshmen. As a result, the student body of the university no longer consists of those from a specific family/class background and rather of those who came from various family/socio-cultural backgrounds. Thus, now it is more appropriate to consider the student body of the university as a heterogeneous group than a homogeneous one. This recent change also implies that there are some possible complications and conflicts among the university members. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore and examine the experiences of female college students who came from rural communities. Because these women have been mostly excluded from higher education until not long ago, but now they are university students due to a recent changes in the university's student selection policy. In order to examine these women's educational experiences more closely, this study uses the ethnography as a research method. The subject of the study is a group of female students who entered the university through the special selection policy for students from rural communities. The study has the following research questions: First, what are the educational and life experiences of these women like before they came to the university? Second, after they came to the university, what are the experiences with other students from different backgrounds like and how those experiences are reflected in their behaviors and daily lives? Third, how do they locate themselves in the university's main-culture? Fourth, what are the meanings of the university education experience to them? In order to find answers to the above research questions, data were collected by using a in-depth interview method with female students who are currently attending a university in Seoul. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows: Before having come to the university, these women regarded themselves as $quot;Magnificent I$quot; because they have been students with very high academic achievements since childhood. Therefore, the main factor to determine their socio-cultural position was the scholastic achievement ability before they entered the university. But their socio-cultural position has been drastically changed from $quot;Magnificent I$quot; to $quot;Shrinked I$quot; after they came to the university and it was mainly because of their relatively low level of socio-cultural capital with regard to their family backgrounds. Their previous experiences were regarded as inferior and inappropriate when compared to those of the other students from urban backgrounds. So, now the crucial factor in determining their socio-cultural position appears to be not an ability foo scholastic achievement but rather the value of cultural capital that they possess. In addition, they start to learn how to compromise the conflicts they experience in daily lives in the university. That is, that on one hand, they use $quot;compromise$quot; as one of resistance strategies, and on the other hand they take double stands and choose different position according to each situation. This puts these women in a double-binding situation for sure because they are very confused by the contradictory beliefs and values which are resulted by the difference between what they have believed before the university and what they are experiencing now in the university. The results of the study also shows that a university is not just an academic place to these women. As the university education becomes more universal in general, they realize that the university graduation itself dose not guarantee a high social status. They also realize that the effect of higher education is different according to the individual's level of socio-cultural capital even when two people have the same credentials. Therefore, they try to accumulate cultural and social capital while attending the university, particularly by more actively involved in student social circles and extra-curricular activities. Consequently, for these women the most important meaning of the university experience is that it gives them an opportunity to accumulate social capital and not that it is a place to pursue a higher academic achievement. In sum, a close examination of the university education of female college students who are still very much in the margin reveals that the university is not a neutral but a conflicting place where students with diverse backgrounds struggle against each other all the time. And especially for women students with rural family backgrounds, it is not only a very difficult place to adjust but also a conflicting one.

Survey Research on the Status of Job Creation and Related Programs for Elderly Women in Korea

오재림,이숙정 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2009 Asian Women Vol.25 No.4

This study examined problems concerning the elderly and related characteristics as perceived by the frontline officials in charge at senior employment assistance agencies - all based on the recognition of the need to reinforce the expertise of workers. It also examined the educational needs regarding the kind of educational programs that must be provided to help these people develop expertise in related fields. In order to accomplish the purposes of the study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to officials in government and public offices, including the Korean Senior Citizens Association, Senior Welfare Center, Seoul Senior Employment Center and Employment Service Center, from November to December in 2008. The result shows that there are differences in purposes, targets, activities and achievements of employment assistance organizations for elderly people, which result in inefficiency and ineffectiveness. The organizations that conduct employment assistance programs for the elderly have few, if any, experts who adequately understand the particular characteristics of elderly people and who can operate and manage diverse employment programs; moreover, the capacity and skills of such experts are at beginners’ levels in terms of planning, coordination and control functions. The officials need an understanding of the developmental and psychological characteristics of female and male senior citizens that result in differentiated education strategies and programs and the creation of diverse jobs; accordingly, they urged the provision of specific and continuous education of working-level officials in charge. As such, a top priority is education to boost the capacity of working-level officials in charge, who can carry out educational programs for creating jobs that specifically cater to female seniors; to this end, national and local governments should extend steadfast and systematic assistance. This study examined problems concerning the elderly and related characteristics as perceived by the frontline officials in charge at senior employment assistance agencies - all based on the recognition of the need to reinforce the expertise of workers. It also examined the educational needs regarding the kind of educational programs that must be provided to help these people develop expertise in related fields. In order to accomplish the purposes of the study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to officials in government and public offices, including the Korean Senior Citizens Association, Senior Welfare Center, Seoul Senior Employment Center and Employment Service Center, from November to December in 2008. The result shows that there are differences in purposes, targets, activities and achievements of employment assistance organizations for elderly people, which result in inefficiency and ineffectiveness. The organizations that conduct employment assistance programs for the elderly have few, if any, experts who adequately understand the particular characteristics of elderly people and who can operate and manage diverse employment programs; moreover, the capacity and skills of such experts are at beginners’ levels in terms of planning, coordination and control functions. The officials need an understanding of the developmental and psychological characteristics of female and male senior citizens that result in differentiated education strategies and programs and the creation of diverse jobs; accordingly, they urged the provision of specific and continuous education of working-level officials in charge. As such, a top priority is education to boost the capacity of working-level officials in charge, who can carry out educational programs for creating jobs that specifically cater to female seniors; to this end, national and local governments should extend steadfast and systematic assistance.

빈곤 여성가구주의 자녀양육과 보육지원

오재림,이은주,윤홍식,김혜영 한국아동권리학회 2005 아동권리연구 Vol.9 No.4