韓國 中小企業의 財務構造와 金融支援方案에 관한 硏究

오영식 전남대학교 경영대학원 1987 국내석사

翁方綱의 肌理說 硏究

오영식 서울大學校 1985 국내석사

新千載和歌集の硏究

오영식 佛敎大學 2000 해외박사

일본 중세의 歌集인 『新千載和歌集』은 二條派의 歌人 藤原爲定에 의해 撰集된 18번째의 勅撰和歌集이다. 『新千載和歌集』은 延文元(1356)년 將軍足利尊氏가 爲定을 撰者로 지목하여 北朝(당시의 日本王室은 南朝와 北朝로 양분)의 後光嚴天皇에 奏上하여 撰集의 명령이 내려졌다. 즉 『新千載和歌集』(本集)은 武家의 執奏에 의해 성립한 첫 번째 勅撰集이다. 그래서 先行勅撰集, 특히 本集의 直前에 成立한 『風雅和歌集』 과는 그 詠風 및 歌人의 구성 등에 있어서 많은 차이점을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 本集의 硏究는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 아주 미비하다. 그래서 본 論文에서는 『新千載和歌集』의 基礎的 연구로 本集의 傳本硏究ㆍ歌人構成 및 編集狀況, 撰集資料, 和歌의 詠風 등을 吟味하여 撰者ㆍ爲定의 撰集 理念을 밝힘과 동시에 『新千載和歌集』의 世界에 대하여 고찰하였다. 第1章 傳本의 硏究 本章에서는 필자가 이번에 조사한 22개의 傳本을 書誌學的으로 紹介하고, 諸本간의 本文異同을 조사하였다. 그 결과 本集의 傳本은 三系統으로 분류됨이 밝혀졌다. 第2章 編集狀況 撰者ㆍ爲定은 本集의 규모와 歌人구성에 있어서 二條家의 정통성 및 존재감을 강하게 示唆하면서도 勅撰集이란 어떤 형태이어야 하는가를 깊이 고려하며 편찬하고 있다. 本章에서는 이와 같은 編集狀況에 대하여 詳考하였다. 第3章 撰集資料 本章에서는 私撰集ㆍ定數歌ㆍ歌合ㆍ私家集의 4개의 장르로 歌集을 분류해, 本集의 撰集資料에 대하여 考察하였다. 第4章 四季歌의 硏究 本章에서는 「晴の歌」를 중심으로 수록하고 있는 四季部의 和歌를 先行勅撰集의 四季部의 和歌와 比較 考察하였다. 특히, 歌題 및 和歌의 排列, 詠歌手法 및 각 部立別 作者의 구성 등을 考察하였다. 第5章 『新千載和歌集』의 詠風 本集에 撰集된 和歌를 吟味ㆍ鑑賞하고 撰者ㆍ爲定의 庶幾한 세계를 살펴 보았다. 또, 그 고찰을 토대로 하여 二條派 歌人의 詠風을 살펴봄과 동시에 本集의 和歌文學史에서의 역할을 살펴보았다.

韓國 中小企業의 財務構造와 金融支援 方案에 관한 硏究

오영식 檀國大學校 1987 국내석사

As the small firms not only occupy a great relative importance in the national economy, but also play an improtant role in the light of the social side, it is widely known that it will be a cornerstone for the national economy and the social development to rear and develop them. However, no emphasis has been placed on the small business relative to its importance. Accordingly, it is an urgent task to rear and develop the small firms soundly, and it thought that the sure and efficient plan lies in improving the financial structure and the financial support. So, the purpose of this thesis is placed in improving the financial structure of our country's small firms and the financial support for them. And for the analysis of present conditions, I analyzed the 5-year main financial ratios (1981-1985) of the small firms, by comparing them with the standard ratio, with reference to 'Financial Statement Analysis' which the Bank of Korea published. And I analyzed, positively, the realities of the financial support for the small firms. Here I drew out problems in the financial structure and the financial support, and I tried to seek for the plan of improving them. As the result, I could reach the following conclusion: First, in order to oil the wheels of the financial structure, we should make an effort for elevating stability ratios (1. Current Ratio, 2. Quick Ratio, 3. Fixed Ratio, 4. Debt to Equity Ratio, and 5. Networth to Total Assets etc.) and productivity ratios (1. Gross Value Added Per Capital or Productivity of Labor, 2. Net Sales Per Capital, 3. Employment Cost Per Capital, 4. Total Assets Per Capital etc.); Secondly, in order to improve the financial support, as the direct method, we should make an effort for the promotion of floating stocks and bonds and the popularization of them. And as the indirect method, we should make an effort for the more efficient support of the 1st financial circles and the 2nd financial circles -systematic financial institutions and the thorough performance ofd uty lending ratio. Also, we should not only expand the financial support toward the local small firms but also establish the local small firms banks. In addition, in order to make the small firms clear up the problem of the weak mortgage conditions in which they are placed, we should also make an effort for the expansion of credit guarantee system and for the new establishment of credit guarantee insurance system. Finally, we should make a constant study of the improvement of the financial structure of the small firms and the financial support for them.

이용자 참여에 의한 마을만들기 : 태백시 상장동 학마을 사례

吳永植 淸州大學校 2002 국내박사

User participation is the most important factor for ideal community design process. Also, role of the expert to help and cooperate is important. However, an expert leads. and most construction is performed, and, as for the user, it is stopped at a degree to transmit won requirements. In consequence of this result, as for the contentment of user after that occupancy, it is become lower more. And even though they build directly with various information of construction, some problems are occurring in construction ability poorness. In this situation, with the object of Sangjang-Dong Hawmaeul in Tadback city, I studied about the user, who received expert's help participates in the whole process of construction directly, and their roles and cooperation. Also while participating in directly, I looked into a construction process by user and principal viewpoint items. Lastly, through own evaluation, with confirming an evaluation about a user participation way and contentment, It is going to have presented the course that can apply to desirable user participation from now on. The community design process of Hawmaeul, which is an object village of this study, is as follows. 1) The dweller that understands the purpose that was going to make a village to live in and hope to participate for affectionate neighborhood to beautiful nature out of the downtown was composed. 2) The found and selected site satisfied their demand, and divided the site for determine that each family wanted. The dwellers who selected the same site with redundancy in this process showed a kind of form to overcome small friction like wisdom through an effort to hand each other over. 3) Through planning and discussion by each dweller that received expert's help, they decided on prototype plans. A prototype of wood structure was needed for smoothly progress of format to pool on a house cost of building, prevention of sense of incongruity in advance, and harmony of scale and form according to opinions collecting of dwellers. 4) They constructed two sample houses with the object an applicant before construction of 16 among the total 21 households who made that started construction work for the same times. So, Compared on a plan process the dwellers who took a careful look at a sample house insisted on an aggressive opinion. And they removed the living roon center column which installed in structure safety by level material to have obeyed use of domestic wood and adjusted an opinion bringing up level material with used an income neck. Each user attempted design change, mainly the size of each room or a situation change, in fixed structure, because they have selected wood structure can be changed design easily. 5) From conception of community design to residence took one year and five months, three months were late than the first schedule that they planned. The reasons are the time that it took to dweller decision to hope for participation, the extends for an administrative process period related to a character change of a site and a building, frequent design changes to have obeyed a user demand. These caused the increase of construction cost than expectation. It is as follows if I arrange principal study results through this process. 1) users have a correct understanding of construction activities in all process of community design, such as plan or construction process, composition process of a dweller to live in with affectionate neighborhood and search of sites, purchase, and division. And they are recognizing in one construction process without classifying the plan that experts are partitioning off generally, planning, design, and construction process. 2) In composition process of dwellers, they induced applicants who did not inhabit and had the purpose of only slightly economic profit to induced give up participation is person. This is evidence that they are thinking about neighborhood with an important factor of community design process and have considerable affection about their site. 3) Compare on construction plan process, participation appeared in construction process positively. Potential design ability of users is shown more differently with experts. Because they see an eye and can feel actual size in construction space than a schematized drawing. Therefore, if it is constructed with wood structure, after column and girder installation, it is needed opportunities to decide the size and circulation of inner space, the position of doors and windows by view and light. With the contents that evaluated through questions after a residence of about 5 months, the point in time that this study is put into shape, and personal evaluation of community design process by user participation is as follows. 1) Until the process of dwellers invitation and site selection, users evaluated highly in person in the relation that was already formed having been persisting. However by small friction of user's aggressive self-assertion the relation between dwellers became decreased. 2) In a construction plan process, users spoke out a lot of troubles, such as an application of a construction regulation, a size calculation, correlation relationship with one or two story. Also it is going to have been transmitted requirements ones information such as the existing house or a related magazine, Internet. 3) They evaluated that each room area was small and narrow, and warehouses was short because they planned two stories in order to satisfy the building-to-lan ratio with gross area 100㎡ under. The site plan was a level to mostly content itself, but responded by inconvenience by the site and road, height gap of adjacency site because of the incline of site. 4) When it builds a lot of houses by the prototype that is the same structure like community design process, it seems to be needed for a sample house previously to give an opportunity to experience in actual space. 5) An expert let mainly construction because of the problem about structure safety in a construction process, but users tried to accomplish own demand while the problems, which were not able to perceive in a construction, plan process appear to an actual space. As the result by each household various space configuration was possible, and having decided on structure of a house with wood structure made changes after this construction possible. 6) Compared construction cost of all process to a contract way, they evaluated that it was not able to save greatly by frequent error and amendment work of the dwellers that an experience was short, but all dwellers were satisfied on changed space according to own demand. It was satisfied on user participation in person as above. And we can see autonomous condition that a user can grow in person in maintenance management after a residence. Also, they have great pride about house construction on person to live in. In community design process of Sangjang-Dong Hawmaeul in Taeback city, users took part in very positively even though there were several dissatisfaction factor, such as consciousness difference between experts and users, an administrative process delay, rises of the cost of building, decrease relation between dwellers. Also, compared to other cases which eliminated user participating in whole construction process, such as composition which eliminated user participating in whole construction process, such as composition of experts and a dwellers, site purchase, design, construction, management, collecting and decision of common intends, in the study we can see user satisfaction more and more. With an unspecified number of the general public sharing information in information society, it is not hard, and amateurs are approaching with a professional function. But technically, when users participate directly for professional construction work, they have to receive expert's advice because of the structural safety of building. Therefore, professional field and user limit to the field where they can participate in correctly, and experts and users interchange by information with firm confidence and must cooperate. It can go out on progress that community design process by user participation of this study from an opening. It continuously expects that actual users to live grow the village that beautiful in having a dream.

春秋·左傳 介詞硏究

오영식 서울大學校 大學院 1993 국내박사

北韓 初等敎育의 成立背景과 그 實態에 관한 硏究

오영식 韓國敎員大學校 大學院 1991 국내석사

宗中과 宗中財産의 法理構成에 관한 硏究

오영식 창원대학교 2010 국내박사

The clan is one of important systems, which has long been practiced by common law in the area of Korean indigenous law. Korean society has achieved rapid economic growth since the 1970s, and this promoted industrialization and urbanization as well as consequent spread of individualism, gender equality, low birth rate, and the decline of preference for sons and the concept of family succession. In this situation, discrimination between daughters and sons has been fading away and the memorial service system, which has been observed strictly in the past, has been changed. What is more, as cremation is spread for efficient land use, graves are built less and this is undermining the base for the existence of clans. Moreover, many clans are giving women the status of a clan member contrary to traditional clan operation centering on the male line based on Confucianism. Particularly with the abolition of the family head system by the Civil Code amended in March 31, 2005, now a child can follow the mother?fs family name and origin through agreement between the parents. In addition, expecting inconveniences from the disagreement of family name between the stepfather and his stepchildren resulting from the mother?fs divorce and remarriage, now it is allowed for such children to change their family name and origin. Accordingly, for the principle of father?fs family name and origin (Article 781?]1), which has been continued for thousands of years, the amended law acknowledges exceptions by allowing a child to have the mother?fs family name and origin as his/her family name and origin or to change the family name and origin (Article 781?]1, Article 781?]2). This legislation has a considerable effect on clans, which have been acknowledged and regulated by traditional common laws, and even the Supreme Court is not able to maintain the effect of traditional common laws or judicial cases. From the viewpoint of the Korean Civil Code, a clan is a corporation without status for a juristic person. Besides the Civil Code, however, its subjectivity of right (capacity for being a party or capacity for registration) is regulated by the Civil Procedure Act and the Registration of Real Estate Act (Article 52 of the Civil Procedure Act, Article 30 of the Registration of Real Estate Act). Concerning the property relation, nevertheless, the Civil Code regulates only for ownership, defining the ownership relation of a corporation without status for a juristic person as collective ownership(Article 275 of the Civil Code), and does not regulate other relations like responsibility relation direct?Tly. In this way, as corporations without status for a juristic person are not regulated directly, legal relation surrounding such corporations are very complicated theoretically as well as practically. In particular, associations like clans that pursue the members?f mental benefits such as assistance and service, friendship, and mutual aid are not either profit?]making corporations or public service corporations, and therefore, they cannot be a corporation either under the Commercial Law or under the Civil Code. What are particularly problematic in the legal relation of clans are the imputation of properties, disclosure method, the representative?fs responsibility, etc. Moreover, relations derived from the legal relation of corporations without status for a juristic person such as the relation between corporations and unincorporated associations, the relation between corporations and cooperatives, and the relation between corporations or unincorporated associations and trusts contain many theoretical problems. Organizations like clans are called intermediate corporations, and problems involving them should be resolved in the area of the Corporations Act (the Associations Act). Because intermediate organizations like clans cannot acquire the status for a juristic person in principle, however, this problem should be solved legislatively by amending the Ordinary Corporations Act through the Intermediate Corporations Act. Like common?]law marriage, on the other hand, a clan cannot acquire the status for a juristic person as a corporation but it has an entity like a corporation, and considering this, the theory of corporation without status for a juristic person should be reexamined together with the theory of common?]law marriage. The Korean Civil Code does not include any regulation on corporations without status for a juristic person except its definition of the ownership relation of such corporations as collective ownership(Article 275). With regard to this, however, most of academic theories and judicial cases on corporations without status for a juristic person suggest that such organizations are not registered as a corporation but have entity as a corporation and therefore they should be subject to regulations on incorporated associations rather than to regulations on cooperatives, and among regulations on incorporated associations in the Civil Code, those who do not premise the status for a juristic person should be applied analogically. Accordingly, today clan exists as one of associations without status for a juristic person by law and is going through rapid changes, but still it is a highly influential organization as a part of the traditional lifestyle of our society. Therefore, we need to examine whether they are existing at present and will continue to exist in the future. This study was conducted from the question of whether problems related to clans and clan properties can be solved harmoniously in the middle of social evolution and in a way of respecting traditional customs. Previous studies have suggested clan?]related legislative theories and the future of clans based on the original meaning of clans, related legal properties, foundation and termination, composition, the development of quasi?]clans, the original meaning of quasi?]clans, and the necessity for distinguishing between clans and quasi?]clans. Therefore, they have not made sufficient empirical discussion on the establishment and change of common laws related to clans, the survey of Korean common laws and clan customs during the period under the rule of Japanese imperialism, the transformation of clan customs by Japan, etc. This study hypothesized that a clan is a corporation without status for a juristic person, and limited its scope to the analysis and review of common laws related to clans centering on problems surrounding clans and the formation of legal principles for resolving disputes over clan properties. For this, we performed interpretive analysis and review, and legislative analysis and review for overcoming the limitations of the interpretive approach. Accordingly, by the scope of this study, this paper is structured as follows. Chapter I is the introduction, presenting problems related to the topic of this study and research methods through analyzing the background of this study and research trends. Chapter II is about common laws related to clans and clan properties, analyzing the formation, development and contents of clan customs, and examining how Japan viewed clan customs and how clan customs were transformed by Japan using judicial cases and theories during the period under the rule of Japanese imperialism. Based on these analyses, we studied requirements for the constitution of clans and quasi?]clans under the current laws and the formation of clan properties. Chapter III is about legal principles related to clan properties, analyzing previous theories and judicial cases to see how clan properties are formed and imputed, and examining the responsibility of clan members and representatives in the disposal of clan properties and capacity for being a party and capacity of registration in lawsuits over clan properties. What is more, this chapter clarified the imputation and disposal of clan properties by analyzing how properties are imputed by corporations without status for a juristic person other than clans. In this course, we discussed issues in the enforcement of the Act on the Registration of Real Estate under Actual Titleholder?fs Name, focusing on the theory of real estate title trust introduced and established by Japan. Based on the results of analyses and reviews in Chapter II and III, Chapter IV reviewed existing legislative theories related to the foundation of incorporated associations and those on clans in order to overcome the limitations of the interpretive approach in solving legal problems related to clans, and then analyzed and reviewed the draft of amendment on corporations made during the amendment of the Civil Code (Property Part) in progress, and through these, this chapter suggested a special act on clans as a legislative solution. For this, we looked for a solution through analyzing social evolution, changes in clan customs, problems in clan properties nominal trust, etc. Chapter V is the conclusion, summarizing the previous discussions based on the problems suggested in this study and suggesting legislative supplementations and tasks for future research with regard to contents analyzed and reviewed in Chapter IV. In particular, this chapter suggested a number of considerations for the legislation of ?gThe Special Act on Clans and Clan Properties?h for solving these legislative problems. a) With regard to the defining of clan, the objectives of a clan are the preservation of common ancestors?f graves, memorial services, and friendship among clan members as in clans in the original sense. With regard to clan members, however, they should be adults among the descendents of the common ancestors. It was traditionally ?eadult men,?f but was changed to ?eadults?f in order to include both adult men and women. In addition, with regard to whether a clan should be limited to ?ea natural tribal group,?f it is considered not necessary to confine it to a natural group as examined on the relation between clans and quasi?]clans. b) With regard to the registration of clans and their status for a juristic person, it is necessary to induce clans not to avoid registration by stipulating the procedure of clan registration minutely in the special act. Moreover, through clan registration, clans, which have been corporations without status for a juristic person, should be able to acquire the status for a juristic person. In addition, clans with the status for a juristic person should be treated more favorably by law than clans without. That is, clans without the status for a juristic person should be restricted in legal action as the plaintiff, application for registration as a registration right holder, and claim for the payment of deposit, etc. Moreover, clan registration should be made in the area where the clan?fs main office is located. Accordingly, the address of a clan should be the location of its main office. In the acquisition of the status for a juristic person by clan registration, clans should be grouped into large and small ones and different regulations should be applied to each group in terms of registration procedure and supervision by the competent authority. Accordingly, a clan consisting of 8 generations or more of the common ancestor becomes a special clan through registration with permission from the competent authority, and a clan consisting of 7 generations or less of the common ancestor also becomes a special clan through registration with permission from the competent authority. Clans except such special ones, however, become ordinary clans through registration without permission from the competent authority. c) With regard to restriction on clans?f acquisition of real estate, clans?f real estate acquisition should be limited to lands for graves. That is, clans?f acquisition of real estate is restricted in order to remove the possible causes of disputes over clan properties. Then, what should be done for real estate that has already acquired by clans? As a registered clan acquires the status for a juristic person, such properties are owned solely by the clan. Accordingly, real estate under nominal trust should take ownership transfer registration to the clan for the reason of the termination of nominal trust. Such real estate acquisition by clans should be permitted exceptionally. Then, nominal trust real estate of clan properties under the Real Estate Real Name Act is all resolved, and at the same time, the rule prohibiting nominal trust by the Real Estate Real Name Act will be applied as it is. d) With regard to the foundation procedure and institution, first, permission from the competent authority and registration are required of special clans, the procedure and required documents may be more complicated than those for ordinary clans. Next, as to the institution of clan, special clans should have directors, the chief director and the auditor and regulate the appointment, rights and duties of these positions. Ordinary clans have the general clan meeting and executives but, as in special clans, the executives include directors, the chief director and the auditor. In addition, in order to have such executives perform their clan?]related jobs sincerely, it is necessary to stipulate penal provisions against clan executives who raise profits from clan properties or help a third party raise profits, and consequently, inflict a loss on the clan, who give or take, demand or promise monetary profits in return for an illegal request related to their job at the general clan meeting, the exercise of voice or voting right, filing a lawsuit, etc. e) Concerning inspection, supervision, etc. special clans should be inspected and supervised by the competent authority, but ordinary clans may not need that. However, it may be necessary to allow an ordinary clan to become a special clan. Lastly, clan in Korea is a good social custom transmitted through long history. Accordingly, people will keep the traditional concept that a clan is not only our lifestyle but also a community for preserving the ancestors?f graves, memorial services and friendship among the members. Therefore, problems related to clans should be solved with the object of inheriting and developing national culture, which is one of constitutional ideas. For this reason, in resolving clan?]related issues legislatively, it is considered more desirable to cope with historical and social changes in clans and clan properties by the special act as mentioned above prior to the amendment of the Civil Code and then incorporate such changes in the Civil Code. Key Word : clan, clan properties, Korean indigenous law, the Civil Code amended in March 31, 2005, the Korean Civil Code, Article 52 of the Civil Procedure Act, Article 30 of the Registration of Real Estate Act, Article 275 of the Civil Code, corporations without status for a juristic person, The Special Act on Clans and Clan Properties, the Act on the Registration of Real Estate under Actual Titleholder?fs Name(the Real Estate Real Name Act), the amendment of the Civil Code (Property Part), etc.

초등교원 임용고사에 대한 교육대학교 재학생의 인식

오영식 전주교육대학교 교육대학원 2008 국내석사

This research is to investigate and analysis students' attitude of national university of education toward recruiting system of elementary school teacher. Therefore these following questions have been set up. First, attitude toward application of national university of education Second, attitude toward recruiting system of elementary school teacher competition rate Third, attitude toward first test and second test Fourth, attitude toward university grade and current incentive points Fifth, attitude toward separate recruiting by region and separate recruiting by gender Based on previous research, a 28 questions survey has been made with advises from guiding professor to solve those problem up there. 600 students of national university of education in Jeollanamdo, Jeollabukdo, Chungchungnamdo have taken the survey, and the results are summarized by the question have been set up. First, attitude toward application of national university of education were as follows : Students of national university of education think primary factor such as employment stabilization, persuasion, working better than mission of education, showing their talent. Second, attitude toward recruiting system of elementary school teacher competition rate were as follows : Recruiting system of elementary school teacher competition rate is below 1.2:1. This is below another career competition rate, but the group is same quality. for this reason 1.2:1 competition is not low competition rate. Recruiting system of elementary school teacher competition rate is imposed a burden on many students. The Ministry of Education must have conversation with students. Because reasonable competition rate is necessary for the negotiation. Third, attitude toward first test and second test were as follows : At the first test, important subject is curriculum of education. Recruiting system of elementary school teacher need a necessary conditions that are talent, specialty. Current recruiting system of elementary school teacher is necessary for suitability, justice, objectivity at the evaluation At the first test, pedagogy and curriculum of education are preserved the present state of allotted points, problem amounts, test styles. Because transformation has confusion. Curriculum of education is necessary for test style, problem amounts. At the second test, essay writing examination, interview, practical examination are preserved the present state of evaluative field. Allotted points, test styles are standardized because regional different test styles and regional different allotted points are caused confusion at the second test. The second test must have justice and objectivity. Fourth, attitude toward university grade and current incentive points were as follows : University grade is preserved the present state. Incentive points are standardized at all region. Regional incentive point is necessary for reduction and standardization. Fifth, attitude toward separate recruiting by region and separate recruiting by gender were as follows : Regional recruiting opinion is negative response. The Ministry of Education are necessary for project and system avoid regional partial examinee. As situation of disproportional female teachers, female students want the present state but male students want expansion of male teachers. regional and gender separate recruiting is produced different response. 본 연구는 초등교원 임용고사에 대한 교육대학교 재학생의 인식 실태를 조사·분석하기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 교육대학교 지원 동기에 대한 의견은 어떠한가? 둘째, 초등교원 임용고사의 적정 경쟁률에 대한 의견은 어떠한가? 셋째, 1차 시험과 2차 시험에 대한 의견은 어떠한가? 넷째, 대학성적반영과 현행 가산점에 대한 의견은 어떠한가? 다섯째, 소재지별 모집과 성별 분할 모집에 대한 의견은 어떠한가? 이상의 연구문제를 해결하기 위해, 선행연구를 바탕으로 지도교수의 조언을 얻어 28문항의 설문지를 작성하였다. 이를 전라남도, 전라북도, 충청남도에 소재한 교육대학교 재학생 600명을 대상으로 설문조사 하였다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 얻어진 결과를 연구문제 중심으로 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육대학교 지원 동기에 대한 의견에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 교육대학교에 진학하는 학생들은 교직에 대한 사명감, 재능의 발휘 등과 같은 교육이 가지고 있는 내재적 요인보다는 직업의 안정성, 주위의 권유, 취업이 잘 되어서 등과 같은 교육이 가지고 있는 외재적 요인에 의해 지원 동기가 결정되었다. 둘째, 초등교원 임용고사의 적정 경쟁률에 대한 의견에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다른 직업에 응시하는 경쟁률에 비하면 낮은 경쟁률이지만, 교육대학교에 진학하는 학생은 동질 집단 학생이라는 것을 감안할 때 상당히 높은 경쟁률이다. 따라서 많은 학생들이 경쟁률을 의식하며 부담을 갖고 응답한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 초등교원 임용고사의 경쟁률은 1.2:1 이하를 원하는 응답이 50% 이상을 이루었다. 셋째, 1차 시험과 2차 시험에 대한 의견에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1차 시험에서 중요한 과목은 배점이 많은 교육과정으로 나타났으며, 임용고사가 평가하는 영역에서 교원의 자질, 전문성, 재능을 중시하고 있지만, 평가의 적합성, 공정성, 객관성을 마련해야 하고, 현재 이루어지는 임용고사의 평가는 적정하지 않다고 응답하였다. 1차 시험의 교육학과 교육과정은 시험 유형에 대하여 배점, 문항수, 출제 방식은 현재 상태를 유지하자는 의견이 많았다. 교육과정의 경우는 출제방식을 객관식을 포함하는 형태로 원하고 있었다. 2차 시험에서 실시하는 논술, 면접, 실기의 경우 평가해야할 영역에서 현행 유지에 많은 응답을 하였다. 2차 시험의 경우에는 지역마다 시험 유형은 동일화 할 필요가 있으며, 가능하다면 배점도 동일화해야 하는 응답이 많았다. 1차 시험과 2차 시험 중에 1차 시험이 공정성과 객관성을 많이 확보한다고 응답하였다. 넷째, 대학성적반영과 현행 가산점에 대한 의견에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 임용고사에 반영하는 대학성적반영은 현행유지의 응답이 많았지만, 가산점의 경우에는 가산점의 기준을 전국적으로 동일화 하자는 응답이 많았다. 임용시험에 반영하고 있는 지역 가산점의 경우에도 축소하자는 의견을 포함해서 동일화 하자는 응답이 많았다. 다섯째, 소재지별 모집과 성별 분할 모집에 대한 의견에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 초등교원 임용고사에서 지역별, 성별 수급 계획을 용이하게 하기위한 모집 방식으로 소재지별 모집에 대한 의견에 대하여 부정적인 응답이 많았다. 여교사의 편중현상에 대하여 여학생은 현행 유지에 남학생은 남교사 확충에 많이 응답하였고, 교육대학 입학의 과정에서도 남녀 분할 모집에 관해 남녀가 서로 다른 입장의 응답을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등교원을 양성하는 과정인 교육대학교 재학 기간에 학생들의 지원동기를 생각하는 교육과정이 이루어져야 하며, 초등교원 임용고사의 실시에 있어서 학생들의 의견이 반영되는 과정을 거쳐 적정한 경쟁률을 유지해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 임용고사의 실시 기관은 평가 결과를 수험자가 수긍할 수 있도록 적합성, 공정성, 객관성을 높여야 할 것이다. 교육과정의 경우는 출제방식을 객관식을 포함하는 형태로 해야 할 것이다. 2차 시험의 경우에는 지역마다 유형과 배점이 달라서 준비하는 어려움이 있으므로, 시험 유형과 배점을 동일화 할 것이다. 현행 2차 시험을 실시함에 있어서 시험결과 평가에 신중을 기해야 할 것이다. 셋째, 초등교원 임용고사에서 활용하고 있는 현행 가산점은 전국적으로 동일화하여 혼동을 축소시킬 필요가 있다. 넷째, 교육 당국은 적정한 제도로서 지역별로 편중되는 응시인원을 고려하여 왜곡 되지 않은 초등교원 수급계획을 세워야 하며, 교사 선발 및 교대 신입생 선발에 대해서도 남녀 분할 모집에 관해 남녀가 서로 다른 입장을 가지고 있어 서로의 이해관계를 해결할 수 있는 장기적 제도를 마련해야 할 것이다.

韓國戰爭文學論

오영식 경희대학교 1974 국내석사