LC-MS/MS를 이용한 건강기능식품 중 실리마린 분석법 연구

오미현,이진희,김상아,김미혜,Oh, Mihyune,Lee, Jin Hee,Kim, Sang-A,Kim, Meehye 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.2

건강기능식품의 경우 단성분보다는 복합제품 개발이 우선시되고, 12가지 기본제형이외에도 즉석밥과 같은 일반식품형태의 제품으로 범위가 확대되고 있다. 이러한 제품에서 기능성(지표)성분을 효율적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 복합제품 등에서 정성 정량 가능한 밀크씨슬 추출물의 기능성(지표)성분인 실리마린을 효과적으로 분석할 수 방법을 확립하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 액체크로마토그래프-질량분석기(LC-MS/MS)를 이용하여 신속하고 효율적으로 실리마린의 6가지 구성성분, 실리크리스틴, 실리디아닌, 실리빈A, 실리빈B, 이소실리빈A, 이소실리빈B를 동시분석할 수 있는 정성 정량시험법을 확립하였다. 확립된 시험법에 대해 특이성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확도, 정밀도에 대한 검증을 통하여 유효성을 확인하였다. 또한 시중 유통검체 17건을 확보하여 시험한 적용가능성도 검토하였다. 직선성에서는 $r^2$ > 0.999 이상임을 확인하였고, 검출한계 및 정량한계는 각각 실리크리스틴은 0.3, 0.8, 실리디아닌은 9.0, 27.3, 실리빈A은 3.3, 9.9, 실리빈B는 5.4, 16.3, 이소실리빈A는 4.9, 14.9, 이소실리빈B는 3.2, $9.7{\mu}g/L$이었다. 또한 평균 회수율은 96.2~98.6%로 나타났으며, 반복정밀도는 상대표준편차 3%이하, 실험실간 재현성은 1.5%이하로 나타나 정확성, 재현성이 우수하였으며 이는 AOAC 가이드라인에서 제시한 기준에 모두 적합한 수준이었다. 시중 유통품에 대하여 실험한 결과 81.2~106.5%로 모두 적합하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 분석법은 건강기능식품 중 실리마린의 정성 정량분석에 이용될 수 있으며, 나아가 건강기능식품 공전 개정에 반영되어 우수한 품질의 건강기능식품유통에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is amending its test methods for the use of health functional foods (dietary food supplement), in order to establish regulatory standards and specifications in Korea. In this regard, we continue to pursue and perform our research on the analytical method development for the items being researched and reviewed. In this study, we have developed a sensitive and selective test method that could simultaneously separate and determinate six major bioactive flavonolignans in silymarin, which are based on the use of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The standard calibration curves presented a linearity effect with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) > 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of $0.3{\sim}9.0{\mu}g/L$ and $0.8{\sim}27.3{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The recovery results ranged between 96.2~98.6% at 3 different concentration levels, and its relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 5% as noted in this study. The proposed analytical method was characterized with a noted high resolution of the individual silymarin constituents, and the assay was fully validated as well. Our research can provide a significant scientific evidence that can be useful to amend the silymarin test method for the Health Functional Food Code.

고령자 주방공간의 디자인 방향성 연구

오미현 ( Oh Mihyun ),이종세 ( Yi Jongse ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.1

(연구배경 및 목적) 현재 한국의 고령자는 한국전쟁을 경험하고 근현대에 청년시절을 보낸 세대로 한국의 전통공간과 아파트 , 서양식 문화를 경험한 세대이다. 아궁이 부엌과 입식주방의 변화, 냉장고, 식기세척기, 오븐 등 첨단기술발전을 경험하지만 조리 및 식습관의 식문화는 크게 달라지지 않았다. 본 연구는 고령자가 현재 거주하는 공간에서 주방 공간 사용실태를 살펴보고 문제점을 분석한다. 궁극적으로는 변화되는 사회 환경에 맞도록 고령자의 새로운 주거 공간 디자인 방향성을 제안하는 자료로 활용되는 것을 연구의 목적으로 둔다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 고령자를 위한 주방 공간의 실태분석으로 현장실태조사와 설문조사를 실시하였다. 현장실태조사는 2019년 6월부터~8월까지 4가구를 방문하여 심층인터뷰를 진행, 설문조사를 위한 평가요인을 도출하였다. 설문조사는 2019년 10월부터 12월까지 107명의 고령자를 대상으로 평가요인을 바탕으로 추출한 설문지를 1:1로 작성하게 하여 의견을 수렴하였다. 분석결과는 SPSS 통계전문프로그램을 활용하여 정확성과 객관성이 확보될 수 있는 결과를 도출하였다. (결과) 주방의 작업대에서 만족도가 가장 높은 것은 주방설비 영역이였다. 반면 작업대의 면적과 재질에서는 만족도가 낮았다. 수납장은 하부장의 형태-하부장 높이-수납장문개폐방식에서 만족도가 높게 나타났고, 수납장의 개수와 상부장의 높이에서 만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 주방공간의 조명환경에서는 자연채광은 집 전체에 미치는 영향이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 주방에 대한 재료 및 재질에서 가구는 세라믹/대리석과 원목을 선호하였으며 재료 선택에 있어서 가장 고려하는 사항은 안전성과 청소의 용이성으로 나타났다. 반면 심미적 효과를 고려하는 사용자는 가장 적었다. (결론) 본 연구 결과로 제안하는 고령자를 위한 주방공간의 디자인방향성 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령자의 주방공간의 개선은 주방의 면적, 작업대, 식사공간, 수납환경을 중점적으로 고려되어야 한다. 둘째, 주방가구에서는 작업대의 면적을 넓히고 수납가구 중에서 상부 수납장의 형태를 개선해야 한다. 셋째, 고령자의 주방공간에 자연채광이 더 유입될 수 있도록 계획한다. (Background and Purpose) The elderly in South Korea is a generation that lived through the Korean War and spent their youth in the modern and contemporary era. They have experienced both―traditional Korean living spaces as well as Western-style houses and apartments. They saw changes in the furnace type kitchen and walk-in kitchen as well as changes through high-tech technological developments like refrigerators, dishwashers, and ovens. Despite all these changes, their way of cooking and eating has remained largely unchanged. This study investigates how residential kitchen spaces are used by the elderly and analyzes the problems they face. The ultimate purpose of this study is to collect data to propose a new direction for residential space design for the elderly to help them align with the changing social environment. (Method) This study conducted a a survey to understand kitchen space usage of the elderly. Before the survey, a field investigation was carried out to obtain evaluation factors needed for creating the questionnaire. The field investigation involved in-depth interviews with elderly individuals conducted at their homes during June-August 2019; four households were visited. Coming back to the survey, it targeted 107 elderly persons during October-December 2019. The participants had to fill out a survey questionnaire 1:1 which collected their opinions. The analysis findings were used to derive results that can secure accuracy and objectivity by using the SPSS statistical program. (Results) In the kitchen counter, the kitchen equipment provided the highest satisfaction. Meanwhile, the area and quality of the kitchen counter were sources of low satisfaction. The kitchen cabinets, specifically the height of the lower cabinets and their door operators were considered important. In contrast, the number of cabinets and the height of the upper cabinets were less important. Regarding the kitchen material and quality, ceramic/marble and hardwood materials were preferred for the furniture. Safety and ease of cleaning were the top priorities while selecting the materials. Meanwhile, the least number of participants considered the aesthetic effect. (Conclusions) Based on the study findings, the following recommendations are made. First, improvements must focus primarily on space utilization, kitchen counter, dining space, and cabinets. Second, the kitchen counter must be extended and the design of the upper cabinets must be improved. Third, the design must allow the kitchen space to be illuminated with natural light.

국내 · 외 스마트 주택의 경향 분석

오미현(Mihyun Oh),씽양(Xing Yang),김종서(Jong-seo Kim) 한국가구학회 2018 한국가구학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study identifies the characteristics and trends in smart residential environment, and explores the current status of Korean homes aiming at contributing to the development of house environment applied with Korean digital technology. It identifies the trend of modern smart homes in South Korea and foreign countries including the United States, Europe, China, and Japan, and further explores the design direction of house environment applied with digital technology for Korean characteristics and its mart homes. There are five results from this study. First, smart functions in residential places enable us to orient comfortable, safe, economical, and enjoyable life and smart homes are evolving rapidly. Second, Korean apartments show slight smart functional differences depending on brands, yet overall they apply various smart functions. Daelim E-Pyeonan Saesang apartment was found to actively aim at smart function that manages energy efficiently. Third, overseas homes showed the difference of smart functions applied according to users, the size of homes and characteristics. However, they are assumed to apply universal service functions regardless of nations. However, Japan applies safe functional service considering natural disasters. This indicates that smart functions are applied in accordance with national characteristics. Lastly, the application of smart functions oriented for enjoyable life turned out insufficient both in domestic apartment and overseas apartment cases.

고령자 부엌가구의 사용 실태 및 문제점 분석 - 다세대 주택을 중심으로 -

오미현(Mihyun Oh),김종서(Jong-seo Kim) 한국가구학회 2020 한국가구학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study was, taking into account the social problems caused by the aging population, to propose a housing environment improvement plan that fits the cultural, technological, and historical trends focusing on kitchens among Korean residential environments that are rapidly changing towards smart environments. For the purpose, the actual state of using kitchen was analyzed and the problems were identified to find out the opportunity of improvement in kitchen furnitures. The field observations and interviews were conducted three times on June 15, 22, and 30, 2019, respectively, for single or small households in multi-family houses rental houses located in Chungnam. Five problems were identified based on the results of field observation: working table setting, storage setting, meal setting, safety, and area. This study proposes three improvements of kitchen furnitures: development of kitchen furniture focused on the storage environment considering the life style of Korean elderly, establishment of smart environment kitchen that combines kitchen furniture and entertainment, and placement of the residential space centered on the kitchen specific for the elderly, which are expected to contribute to convenient and comfortable living environment of elderly.

우치다시게루와 베르너팬톤의 작품에 내재된 문화적 디자인 사고

오미현(Mihyun Oh),김종서(Jong-seo Kim) 한국가구학회 2017 한국가구학회지 Vol.28 No.3

In this study, analysis of the cultural effects on design expressions and comparative analysis of designers’ cultural background on their expression methods were implemented. The purpose of this study is to help the professionals and learners who pursue towards cultural designs in the design field utilize this research work as reference data and academic materials, and to contribute to the development of designs in the Eastern cultures. The author compared the differences between the viewpoints depending on background, either the Eastern or the Western culture, based on the existing studies and literatures, and analyzed the relationship between the viewpoints and expressions. Also, analyses of the expression methods related with cultural viewpoints and design viewpoints were conducted, especially with analysis of works of Uchida Shigeru from the East and Berner Panton from the West. Although both of their works were produced contemporarily and expressed with similar techniques, each of the conceptual approaches to their works represents different characteristics of the cultural viewpoint. Such a finding suggests that the approach to the design process should take place in a different way based on its cultural background, and it is accordingly required to seek for a new method for cultural design process.

1인 가구를 위한 부엌가구 디자인 방향 제안

오미현(Mihyun Oh) 한국가구학회 2019 한국가구학회지 Vol.30 No.1

This study is intended to seek the direction of kitchen furniture design for single households in order to make a contribution to improvement in residential environments of single households that increase annually. To achieve the study purpose, this study suggests the types that need to be applied to individual residential characteristics and targets or considered in the future, by analyzing the characteristics of single households in Korea and the types of kitchen furniture for single households under development now. For the study, based on the previous studies and relevant literature, the trends of kitchen furniture in various domestic and foreign furniture and design exhibitions were investigated, and data were collected from the internet and specialized magazines. The temporal scope of the study for gathering data ranges from 2010 to 2018. It appears in Korea, single households would highly increase centering around the young generation and the elderly, and young people prefer a simple life, whereas older people prefer a life to pay attention to health care. It seems young people put emphasis on financial aspects and older people put stress on psychological aspects. But males make much of convenience unlike females, who consider stability as important, in relation to spatial selection. The types of kitchen furniture are classified into modular furniture, flexible furniture, and small-sized kitchen. When the three types were analyzed, based on the characteristics of furniture for single households and the characteristics of kitchen space, it was found that modular kitchen furniture fit young people and small-sized kitchen furniture fit older people. It is also considered that the flexible type nicely suits males and the small-sized type is good for females.

실버세대의 부엌디자인 방향제안

오미현(Mihyun Oh) 한국가구학회 2019 한국가구학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study is focused on seeking the significance of kitchen in future spaces for the elderly, which consider residential environments changing, with the stream of the times and the changed concept of the elderly, and suggesting an appropriate design direction. For this study, sixty seven academic journals on the elderly and designs were analysed and relevant key words were extracted. Based on the key words extracted, design factors and improvement measures were set and after an interview with nine experts, a design direction was established. As a result, five kitchen environment factors were extracted; eco-friendly (eco-design), universal (universal design), health healing (wellbeing), digital (smart IoT) and color environments. It is considered that for the elderly, kitchen environments, which pursue physical and psychological comfort and happiness can be suggested by transforming health healing factors to the theme of wellbeing. Universal design, eco-design and color environments were set as primary design factors, and smart IoT environments that enrich kitchen environments for the elderly were set as secondary factors. In order to make a contribution to the improvement in changing residential environments of the elderly, this study aims to explore the use or the significance of kitchen in residential environments of the elderly and find design factors for developing proper kitchen environments and furniture.

노인주거에서 주방의 디자인방향 연구 - 노인주거의 행태개념과 주방요소를 중심으로 -

오미현(Mihyun Oh) 한국가구학회 2020 한국가구학회지 Vol.31 No.3

This study suggests design directivity by focusing on the kitchen for the elderly. Considering the evolving population structure and current residential conditions, the environment for elderly in one-person households must be considered based on the characteristics of the elderly. Kitchen is the space that changed most significantly in the residential environment of South Korea and the meaning and functions are transforming most extensively in modern residences. The purpose of this study was to analyze the aim for the kitchen furniture and space in the residential environment of the elderly and apply it as a guideline for the design. For the study method, 40 references about kitchen were reviewed and analyzed to extract the core elements. Based on the extracted elements, the scope of the kitchen furniture and space were set up and detailed elements were considered to derive a design guideline centered on kitchen furniture. The derived information was classified based on the 12 elements of behavioral concept of the elderly and design directivity was suggested about it. The study results showed that approachability of the kitchen furniture and space should be considered in the kitchen environment of the elderly, and this was followed by legibility as a factor, in which the environment must be improved so that the elderly can recognize it easily. Lastly, convenience should ultimately be considered so that the physical elements can be used easily.

고령자 실내공간에서 공기정화를 위한 방향제안 - 가구와 공간계획을 중심으로 -

오미현(Mihyun Oh),김종서(Jong-seo Kim) 한국가구학회 2021 한국가구학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate measures that can provide clean air in indoor spaces for the elderly in order to improve the indoor environments of the elderly. The study covers examining the properties of air purification through air purification methods and a case study, and the indoor space conditions of the elderly were explored and the problems and directivity of the current status were investigated. The research method is by exploring the air purification facilities and methods and analyzing the indoor and outdoor cases installed with air purification facilities, and this study will focus on the air purification condition of the elderly and their space and focus on the relativity between the air purification method and the space of the elderly. This relationship will be based upon to suggest an indoor environment which applies air purification function. The following are the research results. First, air purification methods are greening purification and machinery purification and in case of indoor space, greening method involves decorating indoors with planterior and the machinery method is by using an air purifier. Second, in case of the air purification condition of the indoor environment for the elderly, there is a lack of elements to purify the air, and it is not being conducted amicably. In the entrance and the balcony, there are various types of fine dust and in the living room and bedroom, there are volatile organic compounds. In the restroom, ammoniacal pollutants can be detected. Third, the direction of the indoor space for the elderly installed with air purification functions must utilize both the greening purification and machinery purification methods to meet the objectives of the space. In the living room and the bedroom, the issue about the narrow space must be solved and induce comfortable rest and sleep, and in the kitchen, the air purification area must be expanded to prevent the smell and pollution from spreading in the house. In the restroom.

4차 산업혁명의 스마트 키친 연구

오미현(Mihyun Oh),김종서(Jong-seo Kim) 한국가구학회 2017 한국가구학회지 Vol.28 No.4

This paper analyzed the modern trends and the present state of kitchen furniture and electric appliances depending on the advancement in IOT technology, in order to contribute to seeking a method of approaching consumers as an effective way for kitchen furniture and electric appliance companies to develop IOT products. Prior to analysis, the chronological transitions of Korean kitchen furniture and examined the effects of Korea’s own emotions and characteristics on modern kitchen. For this study, the changes in Korean kitchen space were explored, based on previous studies, recent trend magazines, articles and professional books and the trends of modern kitchen furniture were observed. Also, the concept of IOT technology was considered and then the tendencies of modern IOT kitchen furniture and electric appliances were analyzed. The case study targeted the recent three-year trends of two types of domestic kitchen furniture and small-sized IOT kitchen electric appliances, which are sold, or have been introduced on foreign online stores and have been unveiled at CES Electric Appliances Exhibition. As a result of the study, it was found that many foreign countries, including the US have been developing various IOT kitchen electric appliances. The enterprise concept is to change kitchen with their IOT products, not changing future kitchen with IOT technology. This implies that approaches to product development may change. Moreover, it was recognized that for kitchen design, characteristics of product users need to be considered, according to Korean ideology.