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吳東燮 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1984 體育學會誌 Vol.12 No.-
Physical education is used in a broad sense to include physical activities practised with a primarily recreative aim. Moral education is used in its customary sense of the inculcation of notions of right and wrong, good and evil, virtue and vice, regardless of whether they would be likely to find approval today. Such ideas were embedded in philosophies which had political, social, racial implications. Throughout their history, the German people have engaged in various forms of physical education and recreation. At each stage of German history such activities have been associated in the minds of those who preached or practised them with moral as well as physical ends. The aim of this study is to trace the course of this association through Greman history.
吳東燮,孫俊丘 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 체육과학연구지 Vol.8 No.-
Since the modern physical education of Korea begins with regime crisis following Japanese Imperialism's aggression, its primary nature can be characterized to be nationalistic. The aim of this paper from this point of view is to establish a subjective historical viewpoint of physical education in Korea with defining Dosan's physical thought and its content as practices. For the research it was considered such as the activities of nationalistic physical education of Shinminhae, Hungsadan, and Daesung School, the national education institutes, and the conslusion is as follows : First, performing of physical education had been transformed to substantive method for nation liberating ideology. So its significant portion was constituted with gymnastics and physical activities like a Spartian exercises. Second, it was exploited for encouraging the national unity so that its effect led to inspiring nationalistic sentiment and arousing the patriotism. Third, it was operated as a basic factor to cultivating sound personality. Rather than mental education rearing-up a patriotist was given the first primary emphasis through the bolstering morality and robust physical exercise.