Antibacterial activity of Chamaecyparis obtuse Extract and Profile of Antimicrobial Agents Resistance for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

염종화 대한의생명과학회 2024 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.30 No.1

In vitro antimicrobial activities of hot water extracts of Chamaecyparis obtuse, for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was compared to commonly used conventional antimicrobial agents. All MRSA was susceptible to linezolid or vancomycin, but also to erythromycin. MIC range and MIC90 to erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, tetracycline for MRSA were each 4 μg/mL, 2 ~ >128 μg/mL, ≤0.06 ~ >128 μg/mL, 0.25 ~ >128 μg/mL, 0.25~64 μg/ mL and 4 μg/mL, .128 μg/mL, >128 μg/mL, >128 μg/mL, 64 μg/mL. The hot water extracts of leaf of C. obtuse had the lowest MIC range, MIC50, and MIC90 (0.125 μL/mL) for the MRSA tested, and it was possible more potent than various conventional antimicrobial agents. Screen antibacterial drug candidate with high antibacterial activity such as derivatives of C. obtuse leaf extract such as terpinen-4-ol or using combined therapy with commercialized antibacterial agents will likely be helpful in treating refractory MRSA infections.

임상 검체분리 Pseudomonas spp. 및 Acinetobacter spp.에서 검출된 blaVIM-2 카세트 보유 인테그론 구조의 다양성

염종화,신희봉,윤동은,정윤섭 대한임상미생물학회 2012 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.15 No.4

Background: Metallo-β-lactamase-mediated carbapenem resistance has been increasingly reported in Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and other Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in many countries. A few studies showed highly variable structure of MBL-gene cassette-carrying integrons. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of blaVIM-2-carrying integrons in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Methods: blaVIM-2-carrying GNB were isolated at a Korean hospitals during the years 1995-1999 and 2005. The size of blaVIM-2-carrying integrons was estimated by the PCR products. Representative integrons were sequenced by the dideoxy-chain termination method. The MICs of antimicrobial agents were tested by the CLSI agar dilution methods. Results: During the years 1995-1999 and 2005, the approximate size of the blaVIM-2-carrying class 1 integrons was 3-7 kb in 35 Pseudomonas isolates and 3-5 kb in 24 Acinetobacter isolates. The integrons carried one-five resistance gene cassettes in addition to the blaVIM-2 cassette. Other resistance gene cassettes found were blaOXA-1, aacA1, aac(6’)-I, and aac(6’)-II. Interestingly, sequences homologous to part of a putative class II intron were inserted into the recombination site of the last cassette in four of nine integrons. The class 1 integron from P. aeruginosa isolates had fused orf/IntI1 in a downstream leftward inverted repeat (IRi). Conclusion: According to period, the size and structure of blaVIM-2-carrying integrons are quite variable,but an identical one is also present in a different genus,indicating high mobility of the blaVIM-2 cassette and horizontal transfer of the whole integron. We suggest that the class 1 integron containing the blaVIM-2gene is spreading horizontally among Gram- negative bacilli and is undergoing continuous development in Korea.

Amoxicillin-Sulbactam (Sultamox)의 주요 임상 분리세균에 대한 시험관내 항균력

염종화,용동은,김명숙,이경원,정윤섭 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적 : β-lactam 항균제는 감염증 치료에 가장 흔히 사용되는 항균제 중의 한가지이다. 그러나 최근 임상검체에서 분리되는 세균중에는 β-lactamase를 생성하는 세균이 증가하는 추세로 세균 감염증 치료시 penicillin 및 amoxicillin 제제의 유효성이 현저히 감소 하였고, 이에 새로운 약제의 개발이 필요하게 되었다. 이 연구에서는 amoxicillin 와 β-lactamase 저해제를 병합한 AXS의 시험관내 항균력을 시험하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2000 2001년 세브란스병원 환자의 임상검체에서 분리된 각종 호기성 세균에 대한 항균체 감수성을 NCCLS 한천희석법으로 시험하였다. 결과 : Oxacillin 감수성인 S. aureus와 coagulase 음성 Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae 및 S. pyogenes는 시험균주 모두가 APS, AXC 및 AXS에 감수성이었다. M. (B.) catarrhalis와 H. influenzae에 대한 MIC_90는 amoxicillin이 〉128 ㎍/mL이었으나, APS, AXC 및 AXS는 각각 8-32 ㎍/mL과 4-16 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : AXS은 oxacillin 감수성 Staphlococcus, M. (B.) catarrhalis, H. influenzae, K. oxytoca 및 P. mirabilis에 대한 시험관내 항균력이 우수하여 이들 세균에 의한 감염증 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Background : β-lactam antibiotics are one of the most frequently used antimicrobial agents. However, with the increase of β-lactamase-producing bacteria, penicillins and amoxicillin have become less useful. Amoxicillin-sulbactam (AXS) was developed to restore the activity. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activities of AXS against recent clinical isolates. Methods : Various aerobic bacteria tested were isolated from clinical specimens in Severance Hospital during 2000 to 2001. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the NCCLS agar dilution method. Results : Oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylmoccus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes were susceptible .to ampicillin-sulbactam (APS), amoxkillin-clavulanic acid (AXC) and -AXS. For Moraxella ('Branhameh'a) catarrhah and Haemophdm infuenzae, MIC_90s of Aps, AXC and ,AXS were 0.5' 3.lg/mL and 8 ㎍/mL, respectively, which were &fold lower than those of amoxicillin For Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis, MIC_90 of amoxkillin was >128 ㎍/mL, but MIC_90S of AFS, AXC and AXS were 8-32 ㎍/ml and 4-16 ㎍/ml, respectively. Conclusion : AXS showed good antimicrobial activities against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus, M (B..) catarrhalis, H influenzae: K oxytoa and Mirabilis. Therefore, It would be useful for the treatment of infections due to these organisms.

칫솔질 교육에 따른 간이구강위생지수(S-OHI) 및 칫솔질 지식변화 효과

염종화,고효진,이수진,김혜진 보건의료산업학회 2014 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.8 No.2

To improve oral hygiene management, the effects of toothbrush training on general oral hygiene based on the simplified oral hygiene index(S-OHI) and degree of knowledge about toothbrushing were examined. Pre-and post-training changes in the S-OHI (lower score = better oral health status) showed a significant decrease in score in all variables (gender, age, marital status, occupation, and level of education).Pre- and post-training changes in the degree of knowledge about toothbrushing showed a significant increase. Negative correlations between the S-OHI, oral health status, and degree of knowledge about toothbrushing and the S-OHI and the Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index (the better the oral cavity environment, the lower the DMF index) were observed. Positive effects of repeated toothbrush training on the maintenance of healthy oral cavity environment and continuous oral health management were observed, as reflected by the correct toothbrushing-related knowledge and skills.

국내 대학병원에서 분리된 Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) 생성 Acinetobacter spp. 분리주의 높은 출현율과 유전형 특징

염종화 ( Jong Hwa Yum ) 대한임상검사과학회 2019 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.51 No.4

주요 획득성 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) 유전자에 의해 매개되는 carbapenem 내성, 특히 Acinetobacter spp. 균종의 임상 분리주에 대한 보고가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서 임상에서 비 중복으로 분리된 carbapenem 비감수성 Acinetobacter spp. 191주 중 125 (65.4%)주가 imipenem 혹은 meropenem-Hodge 변법시험에 양성이었고, 49 (25.7%)주가 imipenem-EDTA+SMA double disk synergy (DDS) 시험에 양성이었다. bla_VIM-2 allele와 bla_IMP-2 allele 검출을 위한 중합효소연쇄반응과 염기서열분석을 시행한 결과, A. baumannii 와 A. calcoaceticus에서 각각 29주와 1주가 bla_VIM-2를 갖고 있었고, A. baumannii 16주와 A. calcoaceticus 2주가 bla_IMP-1을 갖고 있었다. A. genomospecies 3는 bla_VIM-2와 bla_AIM-1을 동시에 갖고 있었다. 이들 MBL 유전자는 모두 class 1 integron에 있었다. bla_VIM-2 혹은 bla_IMP-6를 갖는 class 1integron의 크기는 A. baumannii 분리주에서는 2.8 kb에서 3.2 kb이었고, A. genomospecies 3 분리주에서는 3.2 kb에서 3.5 kb이었다. bla_VIM-2는 대부분 class 1 integron에 첫번째 혹은 두번째에 위치하였고, aacA4를 흔히 가지고 있었다. 다양한 내성 유전자를 가질 수 있는 MBL 생성 Acinetobacter spp. 뿐 아니라 다양한 내성 유전자를 가질 수 있는 integron의 전파로 imipenem이나 meropenem과 같은 carbapenem 내성을 포함하여 다제 내성 그람음성 세균의 증가가 예상된다. 또한, 위중한 Acinetobacter spp. 감염증 치료를 위한 새로운 항균제 개발이 필요하다. Carbapenem resistance, mediated by the major acquired metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes, has been increasingly reported, particularly for clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. Of the 191 nonduplicate clinical isolates of the carbapenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter spp. evaluated, 125 isolates (65.4%) were positive for the modified imipenem or meropenem-Hodge test, and 49 isolates (25.7%) were positive for the imipenem-EDTA+SMA double disk synergy test (DDS). PCR and sequencing of the bla_VIM-2-allele and blaIMP-1-allele showed that 29 A. baumannii isolates and 1 A. calcoaceticus isolate had bla_VIM-2, whereas 16 A. baumannii isolates and 2 A. calcoaceticus isolates had bla_IMP-6; 1 isolate of the A. genomospecies 3 had bla_VIM-2 and bla_AIM-1. All the above MBL genes belong to class 1 integron. The size of class 1 integron encompassing bla_VIM-2 or bla_IMP-6 ranges from 2.8 kb to 3.2 kb in clinical isolates of A. baumannii, and 3.2 kb to 3.5 kb in clinical isolates of A. genomospecies 3. bla_VIM-2 was most often located first or second in the class 1 integron, and these integrons often included aacA4. Due to dispersion of the MBL-producing Acinetobacter spp. as well as integron, which may encompass various resistance genes, there is an expectation for the increase of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including resistance of carbapenems such as imipenem or meropenem. Hence, the development of new antimicrobial agents for treating severe Acinetobacter spp. infections is needed.

한국에서 분리된 임균의 영양요구형 및 항생제감수성

염종화(Jong-Hwa Yum),신석우(Suck-Woo Shin),염곤(Kon Ryeom) 大韓微生物學會 1995 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

지역사회 협의체 중심의 지역아동센터 구강건강증진 프로그램의 효과

염종화 ( Jong Hwa Yum ),김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ),권명화 ( Myoung Hwa Kwon ),신선정 ( Sun Jung Shin ) 한국치위생과학회 2014 치위생과학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study measures the effect of oral health promotion program based on community networking for elementary school students in community child center. The community networking were constructed of community health center, headquarters for community child center and school of dental hygiene in community. First, we were educated the student and teacher of community child center, separately. Community health center planned and evaluated the program, and school of dental hygiene ran the maintenance program once a month for 3 months and evaluated the program. The teacher of community health center were supported and monitored the children. The comparison was done in independent t-test of awareness, knowledge and behavior of children of community child center in both lower grades and upper grades and paired t-test of patient hygiene performance (PHP) index was conducted before and after oral health promotion program. As a result, PHP index and oral health knowledge increased significantly after oral health program in lower grades and upper grades (p<0.001). The positive attitude for oral health about .Whatever I do, my tooth-will be decayed. increased more in upper grades better than lower grades after oral health promotion program (p<0.05). We suggest that oral health program based on community networking should be constructed for oral health promotion of elementary school students in community child center.

한국에서 분리한 Shigella sonnei의 항균제 내성 및 Ribotyping

염종화(Jong-Hwa Yum),염곤(Kon Ryeom ) 大韓微生物學會 1998 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Mecillinam의 임상분리 장내세균 대한 시험관내 항균력

김창기,염종화,이상국,이양순,최준용,김준명,이경원,정윤섭 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

Background : Mecillinam, an amidinopenicillin antibiotic, has been used to treat urinary tract infections and bacterial enteritis in many countries, In this study, we evaluated in vitro activity of mecillinam against Enterobacteriaceae isolates from urine, and Salmonella and Shigella isolates from patients with bacterial gastroenteritis. Materials and Methods : A total of 308 clinical strains were collected and were comprised of Escherichia coli (n=109), Klebsiella pneumonias (n=52), Enterobacter spp. (n=30), Serratia marcescens (n=30) and Proteus spp. (n=29) isolated from a university hospital in Korea in 2007, and of Salmonella spp. (n=28) and Shigella spp. (n=30) isolated from Korean diarrheal patients from 2001 to 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Clinical laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) agar dilution method. CLSI breakpoint of mecillinam for E. coli urinary tract isolates was applied to all other isolates. Results : In E. coli, rate of susceptibility to ampicillin was 30%, but 99-100% to amikacin and cefotaxime. Most (96%) of E. coli isolates, including extended-spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) Producers, were susceptible to mecillinam. All ESBL producers, except for one isolate, were inhibited by ≤4 ug/mL of mecillinam. MIC_90 of mecillinam for K. pneumonias and Enterobacter spp. was 8 ug/mL and 1 ug/mL, respectively, and the susceptibility rate was 92% and 97%, respectively. However, MIC_90 of mecillinam for S. marcescens isolates was >128 ug/mL and most of them were resistant to meclllinam. All Salmonella isolates and 27 of 30 Shigella isolates were susceptible to meclllinam. Conclusion : Mecillinam was active vitro against most Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella, and Shigella isolates except for S. marcescens. Therefore, mecillinam can be a good alternative agent for treating urinary tract infection and bacterial gastroenteritis.

하수중의 Salmonella spp. 분리방법에 관한 비교연구 ( A Study on the Salmonella spp. Isolation method in the sewage specimens )

김성수,염종화 대한환경위생공학회 1995 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.10 No.3