디자인과 美學(하편) : 주로 황금비와 황금분할에 대하여

嚴俊相 서울産業大學校 1982 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

인체나 자연물인 동식물, 그리고, 인간이 이 지구상에 태어나면서 시작된 각종 조형활동의 결과인 조형유산에는 어딘가 아름다운 비례(proportion)가 간직되어 있다. 이것에 대한 추구는 옛부터 많은 미학자나 연구가들에게서 있어 왔는데, 19세기에 들어와서야 비로서 독일의 미학자 짜이징(zeising)에 의해 황금비(φ=1,618...)가 정확히 계산되고, 그후 미국의 함비지(Hambidge)등이 동적균제론을 주장하며 종래의 비례와 대칭에 대한 관념에 획기적인 결산과 발전을 가져오게 되었다. 디자인 미학의 입장에서 생각할 때,zeising의 황금분할비를 다음의 두줄기로 크게 나누어 생각해 볼 수가 있다. 즉, 인체나 자언물, 그리고 여러가지 미적현상이나 조형등의 예술작품을 이론적으로나 역사적으로 연구, 또는 이해하기 위한 사수미학으로서의 황금분할비와, 그리고, 새로운 것을 만들어 내기 위한 필요로서의 창조미학으로 설정할 수가 있겠다.

디자인 美學 : 주로 황금비와 황금분할에 대하여

엄준상 서울産業大學校 1981 논문집 Vol.15 No.1

20世紀의 世界大戰과 Design의 變化

嚴俊相 서울産業大學校 1986 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Lots needless wars have engaged in the history of mankind and those wars exercised great influence upon the social reformation and industrial development. The two big wars in the 20th century brought an intensive war industry which have been accelerated by the natural science achieved by mankind and by the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. Design has also been developed a lot with the progress of industry under the influence of wars. It has already passed almost half a century since the World Wars, and the design has to be examined again as a means of deterrent to an all-out war. And so we have to make every effort to put an end to wars off the earth.

수술 후 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 이용한 관절 내 종골 골절의 정복과 임상 결과 간의 연관성 분석

엄준상,주영득,김성준,신민호,이동오,정홍근,Eom, Joon-Sang,Joo, Young-Deuk,Kim, Seong-Jun,Shin, Min-Ho,Lee, Dong-Oh,Jung, Hong-Geun 대한족부족관절학회 2014 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Purpose: We evaluated the correlation of postoperative clinical outcomes and radiologic findings using computed tomography and simple X-ray in intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: The current study is based on 41 feet, 38 patients with displaced intra-articular fracture who underwent surgical treatment with at least one year of follow-up. Evaluation of clinical outcome included American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and subjective satisfaction. A simple X-ray was used in evaluation of preoperative and postoperative Gissane angle, B${\ddot{O}}$hler angle, and calcaneal fracture width. Computed tomography scan was performed for evaluation of preoperative and postoperative articular step-off and articular gap in all cases. Finally, we evaluated the correlation of the postoperative clinical outcomes and radiologic findings based on the measurement. Results: The average postoperative AOFAS score and VAS score was $84.1{\pm}8.5$ and $2.2{\pm}2.2$. Subjective satisfaction was excellent in 15 cases, good in 19 cases, and fair in seven cases. The average B${\ddot{O}}$hler angle was restored from $11.1^{\circ}$ to $24.7^{\circ}$(p<0.05), Gissane angle was changed from $121.0^{\circ}$ to $119.0^{\circ}$ (p>0.05), and the average width was restored from 45.8 to 35.0 mm (p<0.05). The average articular step-off and gap were decreased from 6.3 to 2.0 mm and from 11.1 to 4.6 mm, respectively (p<0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the clinical outcome and Gissane angle, B${\ddot{O}}$hler angle, and width, and there was no significant correlation between the clinical outcome and Sanders classification. However, postoperative articular step-off showed correlation with VAS and AOFAS score and articular gap showed correlation with VAS score. Conclusion: The clinical outcome did not show correlation with B${\ddot{O}}$hler angle and Gissane angle but did show correlation with anatomical reduction of the posterior facet joint.

新羅金冠의 形態美와 史的考察 : Regarding on a Study for Golden Ratio of the Gold Crown 金冠(Gold Crown)의 Golden Ratio를 中心으로

嚴俊相 서울産業大學校 1987 논문집 Vol.26 No.1

By the way ,in the world history of treasury crown, there were no such brilliant and elegant formation beauty like the Crown of Silla dynasty. The dug out of the treasury crown of Silla dynasty in Korea gives a great meaning to the field of eastern Asia archeology society, that meaning had almost equal meaning and effect of announcement of Greece Civilization, the classic of western civilization, by the German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann(1822-1890) in accordance with the dug out of Troy and Mycenae. Especially to begin with the Gold Crown dug out from Kyong-Ju Gold Crown Tomb, though it is a little inferior compared to that of Gold Crown Tomb, in general we can't help but to admire the beautiful formation and excellent decorations of gold and silver of the relics from the Gold Bell Tomb and Sobong-Ch'ong (Luckey Phoenix Tomb). The aesthetic result of metal art works for gold and silver accessory of Silla dynasty which was known at had the excellent workmanship in color paintings to gold and silver made our nation to have big pride and boast in superior sense of formation in going with the elements of beauty of modern design nowadays. For example also the structure ratio of Gold Crown was same as to the golden ratio of German Aesthetician Adolf Zeising(1810-1876), the functions of Spangles and green comma-shaped jade has mobile beauty sense which has not much feelings of differences in it's function, idea and mobile of Alexander Calder(1898-) seen in modern design. Also the formation beauty of Gold Crown which was structured well so as to live the feeling of space is reminded of the formation idea of such as Lichtrequisit of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy(1895-1946) who was once the professor of German BAUHAUS and made the foundation of modern design education. In it's theme also, it is deemed that the dignity and authority of Emperor's crown were sufficiently considered. Especially the meaning of comma-shaped jade explains more well of this meanings. The thought of worship of Heaven and religion of old ancient people of that time could be seen in the wing-shaped diadem ornament and treasury marble ornament. And we can feel the beautiful scene of Korean natural landscape in the horn-like branches ornament and Chinese letter MOUNTAIN shape ornament in it's upright decoration. Therefore the Gold Crown of Silla is the one which was accomplished as the perfect and excellent treasury crown very rare in the world representing the then civilization of Korean nation and togetherwith well harmonizing the surrounding civilizations.

우리나라 三國時代의 金屬馬裝具에 關한 考察 : 主로 新羅時代를 中心으로 Mainly around that of the Era of Shilla Kingdom

嚴俊相 서울産業大學校 1989 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

Many kinds of the harnesses of metal were used at the Era of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In consequence, a lot of remains have been excavated, and lots of harnesses were excavated, too. By the way, we have had much interest and studies to the personal ornaments around the human, but have not declined to interest as well as study to the harness. The Kingdom of Shilla which was founded around the 4th century B.C. started later than the Kingdom of Kokuryo, but much most articles buried in the tombs were excavated in the territory of the Kingdom of Shilla. Therefore, we think that we could study on its field comparatively. At that time, the use of horse let the scope of human activity spread out extently and made its influence be increased in high speed. Accordingly, the horse was used for military purpose, transportation, and ceremony, so played an important part in the power. In consequence, through the use of the horse, a powerful Kingdom was formed, hence it was based on the unification of the Three Kingdoms, we think.

소아 유연성 편평족에서 Kalix® 족근동 기구를 이용한 거골하 관절 제동술

황석민,엄준상,이동오,이종수,김성욱,원태구,정홍근 대한정형외과학회 2017 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis as a method of treatment for pediatric flexible flatfoot. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 14 feet among 10 patients with flexible flatfoot, who were treated with a subtalar arthroereisis using a sinus tarsi implant between March 2007 and June 2012. Radiographically, the talo-1st metatarsal angle, talar declination, and calcaneal pitch angle have all been measured on lateral radiographs. The talo-navicular coverage angle and talo-1st metatarsal angle was measured on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs and tibio-calcaneal angle was assessed by hindfoot alignment view. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were used for clinical evaluation. Results: The mean follow-up was 48.7 months (16–98 months), and the mean age was 11.6 years (6–19 years). Radiographically, the mean pre-operative and postoperative values measured by the lateral foot radiograph were -25.1° and -7.5° for talo-1st metatarsal angle, 37.4° and 23.2° for talar declination, and 8.3° and 15.0° for calcaneal pitch angle, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative values measured by foot AP radiograph were 23.0° and 11.9° for talo-navicular coverage angle and 17.2° and 9.0° for talo-1st metatarsal angle, respectively. Moreover, tibio-calcaneal angle improved from valgus 17.4° on average to 4.5° on average. Clinically, the VAS score and AOFAS score was improved from 5.8 to 1.5 and from 61.8 to 90.4, respectively. Complication was sinus tarsi pain that occurred in 5 cases (35.7%). Conclusion: We achieved a satisfactory correction of pediatric flexible flatfoot deformities via subtalar arthroereisis, using a sinus tarsi implant with favorable radiographic and clinical measures. However, high potential complication rate of postoperative sinus tarsi pain on weight-bearing should carefully be considered. 목적: 소아의 유연성 편평족에 대한 거골하 관절 제동술의 방사선적 및 임상적 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 3월부터 2012년 6월까지 건국대학교병원에서 편평족으로 진단 후 거골하 관절 제동술을 시행받은 10명, 14예의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 방사선적으로는 측면 방사선 사진을 통하여 거골-제1 중족골 간 각, 거골 수평면각 및 종골 경사각을 측정하였다. 전후면 방사선 사진을 통하여 거주상골 피복각 및 거골-제1 중족골 간 각을 측정하였고, 후족부 정렬 사진을 통하여 경골-종골각을 측정하였다. 임상적 평가로는 수술 전후의 visual analogue scale (VAS) 통증 지수와 미국 정형외과 족부족관절학회(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS) 기능 점수를 조사하였다. 결과: 평균 추시 기간은 48.7개월(16-98개월)이었으며, 평균 연령은 11.6세(6-19세)였다. 방사선적 측면 족부 방사선 사진상에서 거골-제1 중족골 간 각은 술 전 평균 -25.1도에서 술 후 평균 -7.5도, 거골 수평면각은 술 전 평균 37.4도에서 술 후 평균 23.2도 및 종골 경사각은 술 전 평균 8.3도에서 술 후 평균 15.0도로 각각 향상 측정되었다. 전후면 방사선 사진에서 측정한 거주상골 피복각은 술 전 평균 23.0도에서 술 후 평균 11.9도로, 거골-제1 중족골 간 각은 술 전 평균 17.2에서 술 후 평균 9.0도로 감소하였다. 또한 후족부 정렬상 경골-종골 각은 술 전 평균 외반 17.4도에서 술 후 평균 외반 4.5도로 호전되었다. 임상적으로는 VAS 통증 점수는 술 전 5.8점에서 술 후 1.5점으로, AOFAS 점수는 술 전 61.8점에서 술 후 90.4점으로 향상되었다. 합병증으로는 족근동 통증이 5예(35.7%)에서 발생하였다. 결론: 소아의 유연성 편평족 환자에서 족근동 삽입물을 이용한 거골하 관절 제동술을 시행하여 방사선적 및 임상적으로 우수한 결과를 얻었고, 편평족 변형에 대해 만족스러운 교정을 얻을 수 있었다. 하지만 수술 후 체중 부하 시 족근동 통증의 높은 발생 가능성에 대해서는 유념하여야 할 것이다.

내측부 족관절염에 대한 과상부 경골 절골술

박종태(Jong-Tae Park),엄준상(Joon-Sang Eom),정홍근(Hong-Geun Jung) 대한정형외과학회 2013 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.48 No.2

목적: 족관절 내측부에 국한된 골관절염에서 과상부 경골 절골술의 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 통해 과상부 경골 절골술의 유용성을 알아보고하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 8월부터 2011년 6월까지 내측부 족관절염 진단하에 과상부 경골 절골술을 시행하고 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 9명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 평가로는 수술 전후의 visual analogue scale (VAS) 통증 지수와 미국 정형외과 족부족관절학회(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS) 기능 점수 등을 조사하였다. 방사선학적으로는 tibial anterior surface (TAS) 각과 tibial lateral surface 각, Takakura 족관절염 분류를 이용하여 조사하였다. 결과: VAS 통증 점수는 0.6점으로 유의하게 감소하였으며, AOFAS 점수 또한 89.3점으로 유의하게 향상되었다. TAS 각은 술 후 93.5도의 경도의 외반 변형으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, Takakura 분류상 IIIa였던 7예가 술 후 등급 II로 향상되었다. 결론: 내측부에 국한된 내반형 족관절염 환자에서 과상부 경골 절골술을 시행하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 특히 Takakura IIIa 단계에서 추천할 만한 수술 기법임을 확인할 수 있었다. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of supramalleolar tibial osteotomy for medial compartment ankle osteoarthritis (OA) and to verify the efficacy of the supramalleolar osteotomy. Materials and Methods: This study is based on 9 ankles of the medial compartment ankle OA treated with supramalleolar tibial osteotomy from August 2007 to June 2011 with at least 1 year follow-up. As for the functional evaluation, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were evaluated. On radiographs, tibial anterior surface (TAS) angles, tibial lateral surface angles were measured. The severity of ankle OA was classified by the Takaura staging system. Results: The mean VAS pain scores improved to 0.6 and AOFAS scores improved to 89.3. Radiographically, TAS angle increased to 93.5o postoperatively. Seven ankles showed improvement of the ankle arthritis grading from IIIa to II according to Takakura’s staging. Conclusion: Supramalleolar tibial osteotomy for patients with medial compartment varus ankle OA showed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcome. We confirmed that the procedure is recommendable for medial compartment varus ankle OA especially for Takakura stage IIIa.

요내반족 변형에 대한 재건수술의 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과 분석

정홍근,박재용,이동오,엄준상,정승희,Jung, Hong-Geun,Park, Jae-Yong,Lee, Dong-Oh,Eom, Joon-Sang,Chung, Seung-Hee 대한족부족관절학회 2014 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: Reconstructive surgeries for equinocavovarus foot deformities are quite variable, including hind-midfoot osteotomy or arthrodesis, soft tissue procedure, tendon transfers, etc. Comprehensive evaluation of the deformity and its etiology is mandatory for achievement of successful deformity correction. Few studies in this field have been reported. We report on the clinical and radiographic outcome of reconstruction for cavovarus foot deformities. Materials and Methods: The study is based on 16 feet with cavovarus foot deformities that underwent bony and soft tissue reconstructive surgery from 2004 to 2008. We evaluated the etiologies, varieties of surgical procedures performed, pain score, functional scores, and patient satisfaction and measured the radiographic parameters. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 39.4 years old, with a male/female ratio of 9/4 and an average follow-up period of 23.9 months (range, 12~49 months). The etiologies of the cavovarus deformity were idiopathic 7 feet, residual poliomyelitis 5 feet, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2 feet, and Guillain-Barre syndrome and hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular accident sequela 1 foot each. Lateral sliding calcaneal osteotomies were performed in 12 feet (75%), followed by Achilles tendon lengthening and plantar fascia release in 11 feet (69%), and first metatarsal dorsiflexion osteotomy/arthrodesis and tendon transfer in 10 feet (63%). Visual analogue scale pain score showed improvement, from an average of 4.2 to 0.5 points. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score showed significant improvement, from 47.8 to 90.0 points (p<0.05). All patients were satisfied. Ankle range of motion improved from $27.5^{\circ}$ to $46.7^{\circ}$. In radiographic measurements, calcaneal pitch angle improved from $19.1^{\circ}$ to $15.8^{\circ}$, Meary angle from $13.0^{\circ}$ to $9.3^{\circ}$, Hibb's angle from $44.3^{\circ}$ to $37.0^{\circ}$, and tibio-calcaneal axis angle from varus $17.5^{\circ}$ to varus $1.5^{\circ}$ Conclusion: We achieved successful correction of cavovarus foot deformities by performing appropriate comprehensive reconstructive procedures with improved functional, radiographic measures and high patient satisfaction.

소아 유연성 편평족에서 Kalix<SUP>®</SUP> 족근동 기구를 이용한 거골하 관절 제동술

황석민(Seok-Min Hwang),엄준상(Joon-Sang Eom),이동오(Dong-Oh Lee),이종수(Jong-Soo Lee),김성욱(Sung-Wook Kim),원태구(Tae-Gu Won),정홍근(Hong-Geun Jung) 대한정형외과학회 2017 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

목적: 소아의 유연성 편평족에 대한 거골하 관절 제동술의 방사선적 및 임상적 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 3월부터 2012년 6월까지 건국대학교병원에서 편평족으로 진단 후 거골하 관절 제동술을 시행받은 10명, 14예의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 방사선적으로는 측면 방사선 사진을 통하여 거골-제1 중족골 간 각, 거골 수평면각 및 종골 경사각을 측정하였다. 전후면 방사선 사진을 통하여 거주상골 피복각 및 거골-제1 중족골 간 각을 측정하였고, 후족부 정렬 사진을 통하여 경골-종골각을 측정하였다. 임상적 평가로는 수술 전후의 visual analogue scale (VAS) 통증 지수와 미국 정형외과 족부족관절학회(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS) 기능 점수를 조사하였다. 결과: 평균 추시 기간은 48.7개월(16-98개월)이었으며, 평균 연령은 11.6세(6-19세)였다. 방사선적 측면 족부 방사선 사진상에서 거골-제1 중족골 간 각은 술 전 평균 -25.1도에서 술 후 평균 -7.5도, 거골 수평면각은 술 전 평균 37.4도에서 술 후 평균 23.2도 및 종골 경사각은 술 전 평균 8.3도에서 술 후 평균 15.0도로 각각 향상 측정되었다. 전후면 방사선 사진에서 측정한 거주상골 피복각은 술 전 평균 23.0도에서 술 후 평균 11.9도로, 거골-제1 중족골 간 각은 술 전 평균 17.2에서 술 후 평균 9.0도로 감소하였다. 또한 후족부 정렬상 경골-종골 각은 술 전 평균 외반 17.4도에서 술 후 평균 외반 4.5도로 호전되었다. 임상적으로는 VAS 통증 점수는 술 전 5.8점에서 술 후 1.5점으로, AOFAS 점수는 술 전 61.8점에서 술 후 90.4점으로 향상되었다. 합병증으로는 족근동 통증이 5예(35.7%)에서 발생하였다. 결론: 소아의 유연성 편평족 환자에서 족근동 삽입물을 이용한 거골하 관절 제동술을 시행하여 방사선적 및 임상적으로 우수한 결과를 얻었고, 편평족 변형에 대해 만족스러운 교정을 얻을 수 있었다. 하지만 수술 후 체중 부하 시 족근동 통증의 높은 발생 가능성에 대해서는 유념하여야 할 것이다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of subtalar arthroereisis as a method of treatment for pediatric flexible flatfoot. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 14 feet among 10 patients with flexible flatfoot, who were treated with a subtalar arthroereisis using a sinus tarsi implant between March 2007 and June 2012. Radiographically, the talo-1st metatarsal angle, talar declination, and calcaneal pitch angle have all been measured on lateral radiographs. The talo-navicular coverage angle and talo-1st metatarsal angle was measured on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs and tibio-calcaneal angle was assessed by hindfoot alignment view. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were used for clinical evaluation. Results: The mean follow-up was 48.7 months (16–98 months), and the mean age was 11.6 years (6–19 years). Radiographically, the mean pre-operative and postoperative values measured by the lateral foot radiograph were -25.1° and -7.5° for talo-1st metatarsal angle, 37.4° and 23.2° for talar declination, and 8.3° and 15.0° for calcaneal pitch angle, respectively. The mean preoperative and postoperative values measured by foot AP radiograph were 23.0° and 11.9° for talo-navicular coverage angle and 17.2° and 9.0° for talo-1st metatarsal angle, respectively. Moreover, tibio-calcaneal angle improved from valgus 17.4° on average to 4.5° on average. Clinically, the VAS score and AOFAS score was improved from 5.8 to 1.5 and from 61.8 to 90.4, respectively. Complication was sinus tarsi pain that occurred in 5 cases (35.7%). Conclusion: We achieved a satisfactory correction of pediatric flexible flatfoot deformities via subtalar arthroereisis, using a sinus tarsi implant with favorable radiographic and clinical measures. However, high potential complication rate of postoperative sinus tarsi pain on weight-bearing should carefully be considered.