위성TV가 쿠웨이트 신세대 젊은이들 정체성 형성에 미치는 영향

엄익란 ( Ik Ran Eum ) 한국이슬람학회 2006 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.16 No.2

이슬람 식품 시장의 할랄 인증제도 의무화에 따른 한국 기업의 대응 방안

엄익란 ( Ik Ran Eum ) 한국이슬람학회 2013 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.23 No.3

There has recently been much global attention given to the emerging halal market. Halal market refers to the Shariah(Islamic law) compliant products and services, encompassing all economic activities related to food,clothing, tourism, finance and logistics. Among these fields of halal market,the food industry takes the largest portion, up to 661.5 billion USD a year and comprises 10~17% of the total global food market. With the expansion of halal food industry on a global scale, the issues of halal certification has become a central concern for international food companies to advance the market. Considering the significance of the halal food market and its recent trend, this study highlights underlying background of the emerging halal market from various perspectives including demographic structural,socio-cultural, politico-economic stance. Through the research findings, this article aims to suggest to Korean food manufacturing companies various counter-strategies for entering the emerging Islamic market.

무슬림 관광의 개념적 정의에 대한 연구 이슬람 관광, 할랄 관광, 무슬림 친화 관광을 중심으로

엄익란 ( Eum Ikran ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2017 중동연구 Vol.36 No.1

The Muslim tourism market is rapidly growing on a global scale. The industry`s total value was calculated at 151 billion USD in 2015; more specifically, travel services entitled with Muslim-Friendly tourism were found to be worth 24 billion USD in the same year. With the rise of this particular consumer segment, Korea has begun to see an influx of Muslim tourists. In response, Korea`s domestic tourism industry is developing products and services that are compatible with the Islamic doctrine. Such products are referred to as `Islamic Tourism`, `Halal Tourism`, `Shariah Tourism`, and `Muslim-Friendly Tourism`. However, the conceptual definitions of these terms are still ambiguous, and they are often used interchangeably. The purpose of this study is to define various terminologies used in Muslim tourism market, and to analyze related controversies mentioned in previously published articles in Korea and abroad. Results of this analysis will be useful in creating products and services that are compatible with and sensitive to the needs of Muslim tourists.

이란의 종교 민족주의 관점에서 본 여성의 머리카락과 히잡 연구

엄익란(Ikran Eum) 한국이슬람학회 2023 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.33 No.1

Since mid-September in 2022, anti-government protest sparked by anti-hijab protest have continued in Iran. Iranian women opposed the government’s compulsory hijab law with the slogan “Women, Life, Freedom”, and the scale of the protest mushroomed with participation of Iranian men and women in other countries through SNS. This study considered the less explored question of “why does women’s hair matter,” which triggered the current protest. Hair is a private component of the human body. However, it is revealed or hidden depending on the socio-cultural context, symbolizing women’s sexuality. Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the Islamic regime has strengthened religious nationalism, and hijab has become a political tool. And now, it is even expanding into a security issue of the regime, as the government pinpointed the US and Israel as being the behind the protest. This study aims to identify the relation between women’s hair and politicized hijab within the discourse of religious nationalism, which control Iranian women at various levels. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes hair and sexuality from the perspective of the Islamic public patriarchal system and add a new case study to the discourse on hijab by interpreting it from the discourse of religious nationalism.

니따까트 제도 도입에 따른 사우디 여성의 노동시장 진출 향방 연구

엄익란 ( Ikran Eum ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2015 중동연구 Vol.34 No.2

Saudi Arabia has worked to nationalize its labor force (so-called Saudization) since the middle of the 1990s, with the objective of solving chronic labor market problems that include a heavy reliance on foreign workers, and youth unemployment. However, as this policy has not achieved the desired outcomes, in June 2011 the Saudi government introduced the Nitaqat policy, which forces private companies to employ Saudi nationals according to a quota system. Whether or not the Nitaqat policy has been effective is controversial. Since there has been an increase in Saudi youth employment in the private realm, the Saudi government considers it a success, however more than 200,000 companies have closed, due to their employment of high cost, unproductive Saudi nationals. It seems that the Saudi government prefers to maintain the status quo of inner national security and stability, rather than strive for economic effectiveness, in order to prevent a second Arab Spring. Saudi women have been regarded as the biggest beneficiaries of the Nitaqat policy, as their employment rate increased eightfold by 2013. Taking the Nitaqat system and its controversial effectiveness into consideration, this study aims to explore the impacts of the Nitaqat policy on the Saudi economy and political system, and to predict possible changes to components of Saudi society that currently have negative perceptions of women’s work.

아랍에미리트 여성의 노동시장 진출에 따른 여성 리더십의 성향과 지향점 연구 -아부다비와 두바이를 중심으로-

엄익란 ( Ik Ran Eum ) 한국이슬람학회 2014 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.24 No.2

Among many arab countries, Gulf region are typically depicted as “bastions of patriarchy and male chauvinism” culture. This cultural description emphasizes on social gender space distinguished between men and women, and in which, women`s proper sphere is considered as inside private house, while men`s place is located in the outside public realm. Therefore, leader`s position as well as leadership are considered to be suit to only male. However, there is a recent growing tendency for UAE women to participate in the workforce mainly due to the UAE`s Emiratization policy (workforce nationalization), and UAE women started to be ‘visible’ in the public space not only as a workforce but also as a leader. Taking the current situation into consideration, this article explores women leader`s characteristics in the UAE and its directing points.

The Impact of Globalisation on Wedding Industry in Cairo

Eum Ik-Ran(엄익란) 한국중동학회 2004 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.24 No.2

  이집트 영화, TV나 잡지등에 묘사되는 카이로의 결혼식 장면들은 얼핏 보면 세계 어디에서나 행해지는 전형적인 결혼식 장면들을 연상시킨다. 하얀 웨딩드레스를 입은 신부와 검은 턱시도를 입은 신랑은 하객들이 지켜보는 앞에서 팔짱을 끼고 행진을 하고, 커플은 양가를 대표하는 결혼식 증인들과 하객들 앞에서 혼인 선서를 한다. 그 후 결혼식은 신부의 부케 던지기, 케?자르기, 사진 촬영, 그리고 피로연으로 이어진다.<BR>  그러나 오늘날 카이로에서 행해지는 결혼식은 서구나 또는 다른 세계에서 행해지고 있는 결혼 형태와는 여러 면에서 구별된다. 예를 들면 결혼을 하나의 큰 축제로 생각하는 카이로 사람들은 결혼식의 흥을 돋우기 위해 밸리댄서, 코미디언, 디제이 (DJ)등을 포함한 연예인들을 고용하여, 결혼식에 참석한 하객들은 물론이고 신랑신부와 그 가족들에게 다양한 볼거리를 제공한다. 또한 오늘날 카이로의 결혼식에는 “전통의 부활”이라는 명목하에 거의 사라진 옛 전통들이 현대인들의 취향에 맞게 새롭게 변화하여 현 카이로 결혼산업의 주류문화로 등장하고 있는데, 자파행진 (전문 음악사들과 같이 하는 결혼행진)이 그 한 예이다.<BR>  이러한 점에서 오늘날 카이로 결혼식은 세계화의 다양한 패러다임 (상동화, 상이화, 혼성화)이 한곳에 어울어진 한 예를 보여준다. 이 논문은 현재 카이로의 중,상류계층에서 일반적으로 행해지고 있는 카이로의 결혼식 진행과정을 자세히 조명해 봄으로서, 위에서 언급된 세계화의 여러 패러다임들이 결혼과정에서 어떻게 나타나는가 분석하는 것을 그 목표로 한다.

위성TV가 바레인 젊은 세대의 사회공간 인식에 미치는 영향 연구 - 젠더영역의 인식을 중심으로 : 위성TV가 바레인 젊은 세대의 사회공간 인식에 미치는 영향 연구

엄익란(Eum Ik-Ran) 한국중동학회 2006 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.27 No.1

After the Gulf War in the 1991, the era of information revolution started in the Gulf area. Thanks to such highly developed technologies as satellite TV, mobile phone, and Internet, people in the Gulf area are exposed more intensively to the outside of the world, especially to those of western cultures. Today, due to oil money in the Gulf region, those new mechanisms for New Media have been widely spreaded in this area including urban and rural area as well as Bedouin camps in the desert. Among many New Media mechanisms, this paper explores what impacts satellite TV has made on the perceptions of "social space" among the Bahraini younger generation, especially focusing on the concept of "gendered space". By "social space", I include not only the visible places where people"s actions take place, but also the invisible or abstract notion of spaces, implying the social distances and the inter-relatedness established among individuals through everyday interactions with others in reality. "Gendered space" referred in the paper means male and female place of activities and their roles. Traditionally, gendered space in the Islamic culture has been understood on the basis of binary opposition. For instance, while maleness has bee associated with empowered formal public space, femaleness has been restricted in the powerless informal private space. However, gender attributes and their social space are constructed differently according to social and economic situations in a given society, and at the same time, it is negotiated through everyday life between genders. In this context, this paper examines how the perceptions of gendered space among the Bahraini younger generation has transformed by the exposure of satellite TV which delivers global messages, especially those of western values. The target of the study covers 220 Bahrain National University students. The method of study includes both quantitative study carried out by distribution of questionnaires and qualitative study through participation observation and various group interviews.

쿠웨이트 젊은이들의 인터넷 사용이 사회변화에 미치는 영향 연구 - 쿠웨이트 가족관계의 변화를 중심으로 : 쿠웨이트 젊은이들의 인터넷 사용이 사회변화에 미치는 영향 연구

엄익란(Eum Ik-Ran) 한국중동학회 2007 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.28 No.1

"Electronic self" has emerged in the late 1990s as a result of spread and popular usage of the Internet among the Youth around the world. The electronic self is characterized as individualistic, creative, flexible, and expressive in the online cyber space where the existing values and customs are ignored. The paper explores what impacts the usage of Internet among the youth in Kuwait has made on the social change, focusing on family relations. To achieve the goal, this paper has illuminated the following three points. First, for what purposes the current Kuwaiti youth are using Internet since the Internet has first introduced in Kuwait in 1992. Second, what impacts the emergence of the individualistic electronic self have made on the Kuwaiti society where the collective family culture has been traditionally valued over the individual. Third, what impacts the off-line socio-cultural values have made on the youth"s online behaviors. The answers of the three points would reflect the correlations of the development of technology and social change. To acquire the data, the research relied on literature reviews of the previous works done in Kuwait and CMC (computer-mediatedcommunication) based online research from the period of December 2006 to March 2007. The participants of the online research includes each of three female and male Kuwait University students.

걸프지역 아랍무슬림들의 '관계맺기'와 선물문화 연구

엄익란(Eum, Ik-Ran) 한국중동학회 2010 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.31 No.1

Gift is a useful material that creates and maintains social ties among the people. The category of gift is very wide. It covers both material goods and non-material acts of people exchanged at the time of special events or everyday life. Gift also includes one's spontaneous help, care, or hospitality offered to other persons. All these types of gifts share one common character. It have been given out of free will and are not being dictated by any economic rule such as fair exchange or barter. However, driving force behind gift-giving is based on feelings of mutual obligations and reciprocity. People's relations are interwoven by the duties to 'give', 'take' and 'return'. These three cyclic duties are the main mechanisms that operate gift-giving activity. Failure to reciprocate means disruption of the relations. Having the nature of the gift-giving in mind, the aim of this study is to explore how gift is used in creating and maintaining people's relations among the Arab Muslims, taking the UAE as a case study.