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TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays as Light Harvesting in Perovskite Solar Cells
양화영,한윤봉,이슬기,노원엽 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
We have fabricated perovskite solar cells with the flakes of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube arrays (TiO<sub>2</sub> NAs) into the mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> films and we investigated them for light harvesting. Both normalized reflectance and incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) were increased at longer wavelengths (570-800 nm) in the perovskite solar cells, implying that the main role of the flakes of TiO<sub>2</sub> NAs is that of light harvesting in perovskite solar cells. We determined that the best energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with the flakes of TiO<sub>2</sub> NAs, contained the 9 wt%, is 15.33%. This is an improvement of 8.28%, arising from light harvesting, compared to perovskite solar cells without the flakes of TiO<sub>2</sub> NAs.
양화영,이상훈,김형모,Xuan-Hung Pham,함은일,강은지,김태한,하유나,전봉현,노원엽 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-
Au nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into the channels of freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays(TNTAs) by an electrodeposition method and then applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for lightharvesting to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The average size of Au NPs incorporatedinto TNTA channels was approximately 70 nm, and the extinction of the Au NPs by UV–vis spectra wasapproximately 530 nm, which is similar to the absorbance of the ruthenium dye (N719) used in DSSCs. The PCE of DSSCs based on TNTAs containing Au NPs increased to 6.80% from a PCE of 5.66% without AuNPs, an enhancement of 20.14% owing to light harvesting from the NP plasmonic and charging effects. However, the PCE of DSSCs based on TNTAs with excess Au NPs decreased from 6.80% to 5.49% due toaggregation of the Au NPs, which led to a decreased open-circuit voltage andfill factor.
양화영,노원엽 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0
Organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells have recently attracted as high power conversion efficiency, low cost production, simple process, flexibility. To improve the power conversion efficiency, the light harvesting is the one of the best way. However, it is difficult to incorporate the light harvesting materials such as large-sized SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, or ZrO<sub>2</sub> in thin films layers because of the architectures. In this study, we prepared nanoimprint lithography technique to highlyuniform and well-ordered nanopatterning mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. The highly-uniform and well-ordered nanopatterning mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films were characterized and optimized by FE-SEM and UV-vis spectra. The power conversion efficiency were increased from 14.65% to 15.91% because of the increment of light harvesting by nanopatterning mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films in perovskite solar cells.
김경자,양화영 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 1996 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.-
This study was attempted soybean-leaf water kimchis fermentation by adding wheat flour in cooking water. Soybean-leaf water kimchis with five different levels of wheat flour in cooking water (0%;A, 5%;B, 10%;c, 15%;D, 20%;E) was tested for rhological parameters, fine structural changes sensory evaluation, chemical analysis. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The composition of the soybean-leaf was the moisture (80.9%), protein (6.8%) fat(0.6%), ash(2.1%), and alkalinity(+14.9). 2. The amount of reducing sugars of sample A and other samples were 0.75% and 1.08%∼1.4% in the initial fermentation, but became 0.3 and 0.43∼0.50% n the later fermentation. 3. The pH of sample A decreased from 5.17 to 4.72 during initial fermentation. In sample B·C·D and E, pH decreased rapidly during initial fermentation, but it did not change in the later fermentation. 4. Wile the arrangement of tissue was complicate in cellular tissue of raw sample, those of the other samples were uniform, and the tissues of sample B·C·D·E were softer and glossier in the initial fermentation but rougher and thicker in the later frmentation. 5. Sensory evaluation showed that both B and C sample had the good score in sweety taste, roasted nutty taste, ease of swallowing and chewiness. From these results, optimum soybean-leaf water kimchis can be prepared when 200g soybean-leaf, 100ml water, 15g garlic, 3% red pepper powder and 5∼10% wheat flour were fermented at 20 for 2℃days.
다공질 사암의 층리에 따른 국부적 공극특성 변화와 수리 이방성 특성
양화영(Hwa-Young Yang),김한나(Hanna Kim),김경민(Kyeongmin Kim),김광염(Kwang Yeom Kim),민기복(Ki-Bok Min) 한국암반공학회 2013 터널과지하공간 Vol.23 No.3
퇴적암에서 나타나는 이방성은 층리에 의한 영향이 크며, 암석의 수리적 특성에도 영향을 주게 된다. 본 연구에서는 층리가 발달한 다공질 사암을 대상으로, 층리구조에 의해 발생한 공극구조 이방성이 사암의 수리 이방성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 사암의 공극구조 이방성 파악을 위해 X-ray CT(computed tomography)를 이용하여 내부 공극률의 변화양상을 분석하였다. 층리방향에 따른 수리이방성은 층리면과 수평면이 이루는 각도 를 0°에서 90°까지 15°간격으로 코어링한 샘플을 제작하여 투수실험을 통해 파악하였다. 투수실험 결과 층리면 과 투수방향이 수직인 경우 투수율이 가장 작은 값을 나타낸 반면, 층리면과 투수방향이 평행일 때 가장 높은 투수율을 나타내었으며, 평균 수리이등방비(k90∘/k0∘)가 1.8로 층리에 따른 수리 이방성이 확연하게 나타났다.또한, 이러한 사암의 수리이방특성은 층리에 의해 공극특성이 서로 다른 층상구조가 형성되기 때문임을 확인하였다. Anisotropy observed in sedimentary rock such as sandstone is mainly caused by existence of bedding consequently influencing on its hydraulic characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of locally changing pore structure due to bedding on the hydraulic anisotropy of sandstone, in terms of localized porosity. X-ray CT scan is applied to observe the internal pore structures which is hard to be seen by other experimental methods. Permeability test is also conducted for samples cored at every 15° from 0° to 90° with respect to bedding plane. As a result, the permeability anisotropy is manifest having 1.8 of anisotropy ratio (k90∘/k0∘) and corresponds with the anisotropy of porosity due to bedding.
뇌졸중 환자의 자가간호정도에 따른 가족원의 부담감과 삶의 질과의 관계
이강오,양화영 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2002 정신간호학회지 Vol.11 No.2
This study was done to examine the relationship between family caregiver burden and quality of life according to self-care levels of CVA patient. Data were collected 96 family caregivers of the CVA patients at four university oriental hospitals in Gwangju City, Jeonnam and Jeonbuk from July 20 to Aug. 10. 2001. Data collection was done by questionnaire. The research instruments used Daily Life Measurement Instrument developed by Kang Hyun-Suk(1984), Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Novak & Guest and Zarit (1980) and revised by Lee Sook-Ja(1993), and Quality of Life Measurement Instrument developed by Noh Yoo-Ja(1988). The results of this research were as follows : 1. The mean score of family caregiver burden was 2.81. The mean score of and family caregiver quality of life was 2.92. 2. The levels of family caregiver burden according th the general characteristics of family caregiver were statistically significant differences at age(F=3.99, p=.005), marital state(F=7.39, p=.001), support responsibility (F=4.44, p=.014) and patient-caregiver relationship before the attack of disease(F=3.94, p=.011). 3. The levels of family caregiver burden according to the general characteristics of patient were statistically significant difference at education level(F=2.804, p=.044). 4. The 1st. hypothesis, "the higher self-care levels of patient, the lower family caregiver burden"(r=-.433, p=.000) was supported. The 2nd. hypothesis, the higher self-care levels of patient. "the higher their caregiver quality of life (r=.254, p=.012)" was supported. The 3rd. hypothesis, "the lower family caregiver burden, the higher their Quality of Life"(r=-0.572, p=.000) was supportred. 5. Family caregiver burden, religion, and marital state were predictors to family caregiver quality of life.