국내 컨테이너 부두시설 확보제도 개선방향 연구

양창호(Chang-Ho Yang) 한국항만경제학회 2010 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

본고에서는 컨테이너 선석 당 적정처리능력 40만 TEU로 설정하고 컨테이너항만을 40만 TEU에 맞는 선석 개수로 개발하는 현재의 우리나라 항만기본계획의 문제점을 분석하였다. 선사가 요구하는 고 생산성의 터미널을 건설하여 선사의 물동량을 유치하고, 이를 통해 그 항만 배후지에서 고 부가가치 생산활동을 가능케 하려면, 40만 TEU 표준하역능력 같은 항만개발 제약요인을 두어서는 초대형선 부두 이용자의 요구를 충족시키기 어려울 것으로 판단된다. 10,000 TEU 이상 초대형 컨테이너선 기항 시 선사가 요구하는 서비스 수준은 항만대기시간과 항만 내 체류시간으로 나누어 설문조사를 실시한 결과 초대형 컨테이너선에 대해서 대기가 발생하지 않는 수준의 서비스를 제공해야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 10,000 TEU급 이상 초대형 컨테이너선 기항시 선사가 요구하는 총 재항시간은 대부분24시간 이었다. 이를 바탕으로 12,000 TEU 급 초대형선이 24시간 이내에 서비스를 완료할 수 있는 항만의 하역능력을 산정해본 결과 초대형선 선석 400미터 2선석, 피더선 250미터 2선석의 1,400m 컨테이너 터미널의 연간 요구 처리능력은 약 300만 TEU가 되었다. 이를 실현할 수 있도록 하는 시뮬레이션 분석을 한 결과 주 선석 2개(900미터)와 피더선석 2개(500미터)의 1400미터 선석에서 300만 TEU를 처리해도 선석점유율, 선박대기시간이나, 서비스면에서 기존의 항만보다 오히려 우수한 결과를 보이고 있다. 이를 장비가격으로만 비교할때 기존터미널에 비해 700억원 정도(28%)를 더 투자하면 연간 처리능력이 160만 TEU에서 300만 TEU로 88%이상 증가할 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 전국항만 기본계획에서는 기존의 선석 수 개발방향에서, 항별로 미래 일정기간 동안 건설 필요 처리능력 한도를 실제 건설되는 처리능력의 누계를 관리해 나가는 정책으로 전환해야 할 것이다. This paper investigate the problems of standard container port handling capacity in establishing national port development plan in Korea. Considering container port developing, it's not easy to adopt container port service quality parameters such as lay time constraint of very large container ships by using the standard guideline of container port handling capacity. A simple methodology that connects vessel waiting to service time(w/s) and berth occupancy to costs has been used to evaluate the performance of a container terminal. But the total handling capacity have to be calculated by the performance of the handling system and number of equipments and layout of terminal by using computer simulation that represents of reality events needs to be performed by probabilistic techniques. A simulation model of estimation of container terminal capacity is introduced in order to establish a hub terminal for very large container ships that focus the port's quality of service and also suggest as tool for policy maker to justify a required port investment.

한,중 항로 개선요인에 대한 실증연구 -한,중 항로 이용선사를 중심으로-

양창호 ( Chang Ho Yang ),여기태 ( Gi Tae Yeo ),전현정 ( Hyun Jae Jung ),정현재 ( Jeon Hyun Jeong ) 한국로지스틱스학회 2012 로지스틱스연구 Vol.20 No.4

최근 한중 항로를 운항하는 선사의 소석률 저하 및 해상운임의 지속적 하락현상이 계속되고 있다. 이로 인하여 한중 선사 간 과열경쟁 발생과 선사의 채산성 악화가 우려되고, 결과적으로 한중 해운시장의 불안을 초래하는 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한중 항로의 근본적인 문제점을 고찰하고 그에 대한 개선방안을 제시함으로서 한중 해운시장의 발전을 도모하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 기존 선행연구에서 제시된 한중 해운시장의 문제점과 전문가의 인터뷰를 바탕으로 11개의 개선요인을 제시하였으며, 퍼지기법을 이용하여 요인의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 분석결과 한중 항로를 이용하는 선사들은 ‘선박 과잉 현상 (0.59)’을 가장 해결이 시급한 문제점으로 인식하였으며, 다음으로 ‘과다한 항비 및 강제도선 (0.55)’을 문제점으로 제시하였다. Recently the using rates of ship``s space and freight rates of shipping companies`` are decreasing due to over suppling capacities of Korea, China, and 3rd flag shipping companies while overall cargo volumes are increasing between Korea and China shipping routes. This phenomenon makes the vicious circle such as making the cut-throat competition, lowering the profitability, and forming market jitters. In this respect, the aim of this research is to analyze the improving factors for shipping routes of between Korea and China. The 11 factors were drawn out as improving factors based on the literature review and In-depth interview of expert groups. For weighing the factors, The fuzzy methodology was adopted. As the results, in terms of the overall weights, ``over supplying tonnage (0.59)`` is selected as the most important factor, and ``excessive port due and compulsory pilotage (0.55)`` and ``restriction of empty container transportation (0.54)`` are followed. In the liner shipping companies side, ``over supplying tonnage (0.43)``, ``discrimination for usage of berth (0.51)``, and ``restriction of empty container transportation (0.39)`` are selected as top 3 important factors. Moreover, In the car-ferry shipping companies side, ``excessive port due and compulsory pilotage (0.42)``, ``over supplying tonnage (0.40)``, and ``restriction of empty container transportation (0.39)`` are selected as top 3 critical factors.

컨테이너터미널 계획 시뮬레이션 모델링 개발방향 연구

양창호(Chang-Ho Yang),최용석(Yong-Seok Choi) 한국해양수산개발원 2002 해양정책연구 Vol.17 No.2

공공공사의 공기연장 추가소요 비용 확보방안 연구 - 장기계속공사계약의 총 공사기간 연장에 따른 실비산정 개선방안 -

양창호 ( Yang Chang Ho ) 한국건설경제산업학회 2021 건설경제산업연구 Vol.8 No.2

When a public institution places an order for a facility construction contract, it concludes a contract that must be fulfilled for two fiscal years instead of one year in the case of a relatively large business. These kinds of contracts are called long-term construction contracts. A feature of this contract is that it fulfills the contract within the budget of each fiscal year, according to the principle of one-year budget. 2018.10.30. the Supreme Court ruled that claims for additional costs due to the extension of the construction period are not an increase in construction costs that is required when the construction company has entered into long-term construction contracts with an ordering agency and the total construction period is extended. The construction industry was shocked by the ruling. So, the Construction Association of Korea made a lot of effort to resolve this issue, including a policy discussion session at the National Assembly. But no real results have been seen, and the construction industry is frustrated with the unresolved issues. This study respects the Supreme Court's decision where the Supreme Court ruled based on the characteristics of the system that long-term construction contracts are implemented within the budget stipulated on an annual basis, and the occurrence of gaps at the time of contract signing is predictable. On the one hand, the study is looking for ways to compensate construction companies for additional costs - which are caused by an extension of the total construction period - for fulfilling long-term construction contracts. In other words, this study suggests ways to improve these problems based on the review on characteristics of the long-term construction contracts system under the current national contract law, identification of problems, and analysis of Supreme Court rulings. In particular, the key of this study is to ensure that actual costs are compensated to the contracting party with an equal position by modifying an unfair or unequal contract. More specifically, if the budget secured over the cost is insufficient in the year, the contract period should be determined in proportion to the budget matching the cost. The rest of the period must be set as a blank period until the next annual contract is signed (1 year if no gap period is specified) by which the ordering organization compensates the contracting party for maintenance and management of construction sites within the scope of the actual cost occurred during the same blank period. The budget for compensation is used from the budget for the current year with consideration of the principle of one-year budget and the budget review authority of the National Assembly. If this method is not available, a method for additional reflection in the budget for the next annual construction is required. In the end, the lack of budget related to long-term construction contracts ordered by public institutions based on the national contract law is the responsibility of the ordering organization. Therefore, it is suggested that a blank period is set as much as the amount that the budget is insufficient, and the ordering agency compensates for the additional costs incurred during that time. Through this, the construction company, which is the counterparty to the contract, is paid a fair price even if the total construction period is extended.

AHP를 이용한 항만 리모델링 비시장적 편익요인 분석연구

양창호(Yang, Chang-Ho),여기태(Yeo, Gi-Tae),정현재(Jung, Hyun-Jae),김호균(Kim, Ho-Kyun),손유리(Son, Yoo-Lee) 한국해안해양공학회 2011 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

녹색물류 개념의 등장으로 항만산업에서도 새로운 변화를 맞이하고 있는 시점에, 기존의 항만 리모델링 경제성 분석의 연구들은 주로 시장적 가치요인들을 비용-편익분석등과 같은 분석기법을 통해 경제성 및 타당성을 분석하였고, 환경적 가치와 같은 비시장적 가치요인들에 대한 분석들은 거의 전무한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구 되어왔던 해양환경과 친수시설, 이용자들의 후생과 관련된 요소들로 분류된 비시장적 편익요인을 중심으로 추출된 결과를 바탕으로 계층적 의사결정방법(AHP: Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 이용하여 비시장적 측면에서 인천내항의 리모델링 타당성 분석모델 구축을 목적으로 한다. At this point that port industry brings a new change as the concept of 'Green Logistics' appears, studies on an economic analysis of existing port Re-modeling have normally been conducted focused on market value factors such as Benefit-Cost analysis, On the other hand, there have been few studies on the analysis of Non-market value factors such as environmental value. Therefore, the purpose of this study is aimed to establish a Feasibility analysis model of Incheon inner port Re-modeling in the aspect of Non-market Benefit Factors classified by related factors such as, marine environment, waterfront facility and welfare of users by using AHP methodology based on the extracted result through previous studies.

제조기업의 아웃소싱 전략에 관한 실증적 연구

양창호(Yang, Chang-Ho),나상균(Na, Sang-Kun) 한국경영교육학회 2002 경영교육연구 Vol.28 No.-

Double layer 반사방지막 구조에 대한 태양전지 표면 반사율 simulation

라창호(Chang-Ho Ra),양청(Cheng Yang),유원종(Won Jong Yoo) 한국표면공학회 2010 한국표면공학회지 Vol.43 No.2

In this paper, we conducted MATLAB simulation using the reflectance formula and the Planck’s black body radiation principle, for the purpose of identifying the opimum material and thickness of anti-reflective coating from double layered structures. We found that the optimum condition was obtained when refractive index of upper layer is 1.44 and that of lower layer is 2.29. As materials close to these refractive indices, MgF₂ as the upper layer and HfO₂, ZnS, TiO₂ as the lower layer were suggested. The best result in an average reflectance of 2.759% was obtained from a double layered structure of MgF₂ 94 ㎚/ZnS 55 ㎚.

대조 추출물분획이 치은 섬유아세포의 생물학적 활성화에 미치는 영향

양창호,이용무,조기영,배기환,정종평,Yang, Chang-Ho,Lee, Yong-Moo,Cho, Ki-Yeong,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1994 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.24 No.1

Final goal of periodontal treatment is to reconstruct the destructed periodontal tissue as well as to remove the necrotic pathologic elements. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the effect of Zizyphi extract to the inhibitory ability on collagenolytic activity of P gingivalis, biologic activity of gingival fibroblasts, and on the collagen and protein synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblast from giniva of first bicuspids from patient for orthodontic treatment were used and cultured. For the measurement of inhibitory ability of collagenolytic activity, crude enzyme was extracted and used on the basis of modified Ono's method. On the inhibition of collagenolytic enzyme from herbal extracts, collagenokit CLN-100 were used. The cellular activity of gingival fibroblast, were studied using MTT solution and measured optical density on 570mm by ELISA reader. To measure the effects on the ability of whole protein and collagen synthesis, cell membrane was destructed with ultrasonic grinder after culturing, centrifuged and counted by liquid scintilation counter. The inhibitory effects on producing of $IL-l{\beta}$ by monocyte, after promotion of producing $IL-l{\beta}$ by LPS, were compared with the mixture of herbal extracts and other drugs using thymocyte stimulation assay. About inhibitory effects of $PGF_2$. by gingival fibroblasts, herbal extract was compared with the addition of the other control groups using enzyme imunoassay. On the inhibition of collagenolytic activity by P. gingivalis, benzene extracts showed the most efficient inhibitory effects among the $19{\mu}g/ml$ of the compared extracts and 40.5% by Tetracycline. On the cellular activity promoting effects, compared extracts showed a bit of more effects than PDGF of $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration and IGF of $20{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. All of the PDGF, IGF, Zizyphi Fructus extract should increase in collagen synthesis, but especially 70% ethylalcohol extracts of Zizyphi Fructus showed comparably high effects among the compared extracts. Effects on whole protein synthesis were slightly increased on every extract but especially 70% ethylalcohol extract showed significantly effective than any other estract. On the inhibitory effects of Zizyphi Fructus $IL-l{\beta}$ production by monocyte, compared extracts showed 70% of highly inhibitory effect than that of 60% inhibition effects on controlled group and each extracts showed no significant difference. In $PGF_2$ production inhibitroy effect of Zizyphi Fructus gingival fibroblasts, Herbal extracts showed 70% of inhibition comparing with tat of 90.2% of controlled group, but each extracts showed similar effects excluding the $H_2O$ extracts. These results suggested that Zizyphi Fructus might be useful medicine for inhibition of inflammatory mediator including $IL-l{\beta}$ and $PGF_2$.

치은섬유아세포와 치은인대세포의 형태와 화학주성에 미치는 대조추출물의 효과에 관한 연구

양창호,류인철,최상묵,정종평,Yang, Chang-Ho,Ryu, In-Chul,Choi, Sang-Mook,Chung, Chong-Pyoung 대한치주과학회 1995 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.25 No.2

The most important object of periodontal treatment is the perfect regeneration of destructed periodontal tissue. The healing of periodontal lesion is affected by several cells & factors, which result in formation of long juntional epithelium, root resorption, bony ankylosis or connective tissue attachment. And ideal healing is enhanced by epithilial exclusion or periodontal ligament cell activation. In this investigation, I studied the effect of Zizyphus Fructus extract which enhances biologic activity& collagen synthesis, on the chemotaxis & cell nature. The cells were obtained from interdental area & middle third area of the freshly extracted teeth for the orthodontic purpose. And they were fully incubated in${\alpha}-MEM$ solution containing $100{\mu]g/ml$ penicillin & $100{\mu]g/ml$ streptomycin followed by 6 generation incubation. The test cells were collected by trypsin-EDTA & centrifuge in the fully incubated cells, counted by Hernacyotmeter, incbated $5{\times}10^5/ml$ cells for 24 hours, re-incubated 24 hours in media containing natural extract and photographed. The cells were incubated for 4 hours in 48 well microchemotaxis chamber bisecting upper & lower chamber by 8ug/m pore polycarbonate membrane coating 5mg/ml gelatin solution. The migrated cells in microscope were counted, which meaned cell chemotaxis activity. The study had shown that the morphology of cell was spindle-shaped as the control group, and the subextract test groups were not significantly different. In gingival fibroblasts, the chemotaxis effect of PDGF was statistically significant compared to control group. The Zizyphus Fructus extract was more or less enhanced chemotaxis effect and in $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration the chemotaxis effect was slightly elevated compared with $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. But, among the subextracts, it was not significantly defferent. In PDL cells, the chemotaxis effect of PDGF in statistically significant, and the zizyphus Fructus extract had shown the enhanced effect. The effect was slightly higher in $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration than 10g/ml concentration,and no significance among the subextracts.

닭고기 산업 경쟁력 강화 - 국내 닭고기 산업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 제도 고찰

양창호,Yang, Chang-Ho 한국육계협회 2014 월간 닭고기 Vol.20 No.9