화재현장에서 발견된 타살로 오인된 목맴: 1예 보고

안효정,하홍일,김애경,문병선 대한법의학회 2014 대한법의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Here, we report an autopsy case of an unusual hanging that was misinterpreted asa case of homicidal strangulation, as th body was found on the scene of a house fire. A 29-year-old unmarried woman hanged herself from the gas pipe using a bath towel. Subsequently, the pipe broke and a fire broke out after an explosion. However, as theinitial postmortem investigation revealed the absence of cherry-pink lividity and as aburnt bath towel was found around her neck, this case was misunderstood as a caseof arson after homicidal strangulation. The cause and manner of death in this casewere finally determined based on the autopsy findings of ligature marks that are typicallynoted in cases of hanging and the presence of a burnt electric lock and a brodengas pipe that were noted at the suicide scene.

AMI로부터 측정된 전력사용데이터에 대한 군집 분석

안효정,임예지 한국통계학회 2021 응용통계연구 Vol.34 No.6

We cluster the electricity consumption of households in A-apartment in Seoul, Korea using Hierarchical $K$-means clustering algorithm. The data is recorded from the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and we focus on the electricity consumption during evening weekdays in summer. Compare to the conventional clustering algorithms, Hierarchical $K$-means clustering algorithm is recently applied to the electricity usage data, and it can identify usage patterns while reducing dimension. We apply Hierarchical $K$-means algorithm to the AMI data, and compare the results based on the various clustering validity indexes. The results show that the electricity usage patterns are well-identified, and it is expected to be utilized as a major basis for future applications in various fields. 본 연구에서는 Hierarchical $K$-means 군집화 알고리즘을 이용해 서울의 A아파트 가구들의 전력 사용량 패턴을 군집화 하였다. 차원을 축소해주면서 패턴을 파악할 수 있는 Hierarchical $K$-means 군집화 알고리즘은 기존 $K$-means 군집화 알고리즘의 단점을 보완하여 최근 대용량 전력 사용량 데이터에 적용되고 있는 방법론이다. 본 연구에서는 여름 저녁 피크 시간대의 시간당 전력소비량 자료에 대해 군집화 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, 다양한 군집 개수와 level에 따라 얻어진 결과를 비교하였다. 결과를 통해 사용량에 따라 패턴이 군집화 됨을 확인하였으며, 군집화 유효성 지수들을 통해 이를 비교하였다.

신재생에너지시스템 장착 소형무인기 인증 방안 연구

안효정 한국에너지학회 2014 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.11

국제민간항공기구의 무인기 정책 개발 동향

안효정,원정윤,Ahn, Hyojung,Won, Jungyun 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 논문집. Transactions of the KSME. C, 산업기술과 혁신 Vol.4 No.2

Ecumenically, RPAS(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) operation has been increased and the related accidents also have occurred. Accordingly, national authorities, organizations and industry have been striving for amendment and enactment of policy and regulation related to the RPAS(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) operation. And ICAO had performed the joint study to make international standards through UASSG(Unmanned Aerial System Study Group). Recently this group has been switched to the panel meeting, RPASP(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Panel). It has been discussed to make the related annex, SARPs(Standards and Recommended Practices) and etc. in RPASP. In this paper, we investigated the trend of study and development for ICAO RPAS policy and regulation. Based on these results, we suggested considerations to prepare domestic policy and regulations. 세계적으로 무인기 활용이 증가하고 이와 관련한 사고 보도도 잇따르고 있는 가운데 각국 정부 당국, 관련 기관 및 산업체 등에서는 무인기 운영 관련 정책 및 규정 제 개정을 위한 노력에 박차를 가하고 있다. 또한 이와 동시에 국제민간항공기구에서 관련 연구조직(UASSG, Unmanned Aerial System Study Group)을 통해 국제 표준 마련을 위한 공동 연구를 진행해 왔다. 최근에는 국제민간항공기구에서 무인기패널체(RPASP, Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Panel)를 조직하여 무인기의 민간공역 통합 운영을 목표로 관련 부속서, 표준 및 권고 등을 제 개정하기 위한 논의를 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국제민간항공기구의 무인기 정책 연구 및 개발 동향을 조사하고, 이를 통해 국내 무인기 정책 마련을 위해 필요한 사항을 제안하였다. 이는 국제적인 무인기 정책 및 규정 개발 동향을 파악하여 관련 산업개발 방향 설정 및 국내 규정 마련에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Its Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

안효정,고경혁,이정희,이종실,김동출,양정욱,김민혜,김진평,정은정,송대현 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.1

Background: The immunotherapeutic role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in life expectancy in many cancers has been highlighted. However, data regarding PD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are limited. In this study, we describe the PD-L1 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expressions in PTC and analyze their correlation with lymph node (LN) metastasis. Methods: Clinicopathological data were obtained from 116 patients with PTC who were treated in Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea in 2009. Tissue microarray blocks were made using representative paraffin blocks of classical PTCs excluding follicular variants. Two pathologists graded the proportion and intensity of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in both tumor and inflammatory cells. According to their proportions, positive PTC cells were scored as negative (0%), grade 1 (1%–50%), and grade 2 (51%–100%). Similarly, positive inflammatory cells were graded as negative (0%), grade 1 (1%–10%), and grade 2 (11%–20%). The intensity of each protein expression was simplified as positive or negative. Results: A statistically significant correlation exists between the proportions of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression both in papillary carcinoma (p = .001) and peritumoral lymphoid cells in the thyroid (p < .001). In addition, the proportion of PD-L1 expression in PTC cells was closely related to metastatic LNs (p = .036). Conclusions: PD-L1 is a valuable predictive marker for LN metastasis in PTC. Immunomodulating therapies that inhibit PD-L1 might be an option for patients with LN metastasis.

미국상업우주운송법 분석을 통한 국내상업우주운송법 제안

안효정,박종혁,Ahn, Hyo-Jung,Park, Jong-Hyuk 항공우주시스템공학회 2011 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The industry related to commercial space transport is growing rapidly as a futurity industry all over the world and America is leading them. If this trend continues, domestic individuals or private enterprises may plan for the commercial space transport business by adopting the advanced technology. Therefore it is necessary to make a law to control the business in our country for the industrial development and the growth related to commercial space transport. This paper provides outline for domestic commercial space transport law by the study and analysis of U.S. commercial space transport laws.

암 생존 여성에서 폐경호르몬요법

안효정,황규리 대한의사협회 2019 대한의사협회지 Vol.62 No.3

Due to advances in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, many women survive long after treatment, and therefore express concerns about the impact of estrogen deficiency on their quality of life. Cancer treatment can induce menopause through surgical removal of the ovaries, chemotherapy, or radiation. Women who undergo induced menopause usually experience more sudden and severe menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms, psychological symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is especially important in women younger than 40. In this review, we consider the role of MHT after the diagnosis of breast, gynecologic, colorectal, stomach, liver, lung, and hematologic cancers. MHT is advantageous in endometrial cancer type I, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. However, MHT is not recommended for use in breast cancer, endometrial stromal sarcoma, hormone receptor–positive gastric cancer, and lung cancer survivors because it is linked to an increased risk of cancer recurrence. Depending on the type of cancer, clinicians should recommend that cancer survivors receive appropriate MHT in order to reduce vasomotor symptoms and to benefit from its positive effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.

1960년대 데이비드 호크니의 동성애 주제 작품 연구

안효정 서양미술사학회 2022 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.57 No.-

British painter David Hockney started his career in the early 1960s while he was at the Royal College of Art. His major retrospective at the Whitechapel Galley in 1970 shows that he achieved recognition in the art world in a decade since his debut. Many of his artworks during this period expressed his sexual identity. Although homosexuality was considered as a crime at that time, his works were accepted widely. The social atmosphere just before the gay liberation movement and the Western culture of homosexuality reflected in his work, might have affected his success. This essay examines Hockney’s work with the subject of homosexuality from 1960 to 1967, the year homosexuality was partially decriminalised in Britain. In 1960, Hockney implied his identity by quoting literature in his abstract paintings. Since 1961, his interest in contemporary culture had affected his work. Especially, Americanisation had a decisive influence on his work and his subsequent move. After visiting Los Angeles, his paintings became figurative, at the same time classical art themes were applied to his work. In this study, Hockney’s application of the methodology of the artists in the past and the modernisation of classical subjects and images will be explored. 영국 화가 데이비드 호크니는 그가 왕립 미술대학에 재학 중이었던 1960년대 초부터 미술가로서 경력을 시작했다. 1970년 화이트채플 갤러리에서 열린 그의 대규모 회고전은 그가 데뷔 후 약 10년 만에 미술계의 인정을 받게 되었음을 보여준다. 이에서 알 수 있듯이 1960년대 는 그의 미술가로서의 경력에 있어 핵심적인 시기였는데, 그가 이 시기에 발표한 작품 중에는 동성애자로서 자신의 성 정체성이 표현된 작품 이 다수 포함되어 있는 것을 발견할 수 있다. 영국에서 동성애가 범죄로 여겨지던 시기였음에도, 그와 그의 작품이 수용될 수 있었던 배경에는 게이 해방 운동을 앞둔 당시의 사회적인 분위기는 물론 그의 작품에 반영된 서양에서 지속되어 온 동성애에 대한 문학적이고 미술사적인 문화 가 있었다고 여겨진다. 본 논문은 호크니 스스로 최초의 진지한 작품이라고 여긴 회화가 제작된 1960년부터 영국에서 반동성애법이 부분적으로 폐지된 1967년 까지 그의 동성애를 주제로 한 작품을 분석할 것이다. 1960년 호크니는 당시 주류를 이루던 추상표현주의 양식에 동성애를 다룬 문학 작품을 접목하는 방식으로 작품을 제작했다. 1961년부터 그의 회화에는 동시대 문화에 대한 관심이 반영되었는데, 이 과정에서 미국적인 소재는 작 품뿐만 아니라 이어질 그의 행보에 결정적인 영향을 주었다. 로스앤젤레스를 방문한 후 그의 회화는 형상적으로 바뀌었으며, 고전적인 미술사 의 주제도 반영되었다. 본 논문에서는 호크니가 이전 세대의 예술가들이 그들의 주제를 표현하기 위해 시도했던 방법론을 적용한 방식과, 고전 적 주제와 도상을 현대적으로 재해석한 양상이 연구될 것이다.

의태어 동시를 활용한 균형적 접근법이 유아 한글 읽기에 미치는 효과

안효정,권오식 인지발달중재학회 2013 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 의태어 동시를 활용한 균형적 접근법 활동이 유아 한글 읽기에 어떠한 효과가 있는지 분석하고, 이를 근거로 의태어 동시를 활용한 균형적 접근법이 유아 한글교육에 효 율적인 교수학습의 효과를 제공하는데 의의가 있다. 이와 같은 연구의 목적을 위해 의태어 동시를 활용한 균형적 접근법이 유아의 이해력, 어휘력, 단어처리, 음절처리 및 음소처리에 미치는 효과에 대해 문제를 논의하였다.

Sebaceous Carcinoma Arising in Mature Cystic Teratoma of Ovary

안효정,정수진,정용한,윤혜경 대한병리학회 2013 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.47 No.4

Roughly 1% of mature cystic teratomas undergo malignant transformation. In particular, cutaneous- type adnexal neoplasms may occur in mature cystic teratomas. Sebaceous carcinomas, which arise from mature cystic teratomas, have rarely been observed, with only seven cases previously reported. Here, we present a case of a 69-year-old female who had pelvic pain for two weeks and who subsequently underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy. Her left ovary showed a unilocular cyst, measuring 22.0 cm in diameter, filled with sebaceous material and a few hairs. A luminally-protruding solid mass measuring 4.0 cm in diameter was also noted. Microscopic findings revealed lobular or diffusely arranged basophilic, atypical sebaceous cells connected to a typical mature cystic teratoma. Tumor cells demonstrated positive immunoreactivity for high molecular weight cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Here, we present a case of sebaceous carcinoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma along with a review of previously published reports.