9-(4-[$^{18}F$] Fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl) guanine 합성의 자동화와 최적화에 관한 연구

안재석,홍성탁,강세훈,원우재,An, Jae-Seok,Hong, Sung-Tack,Kang, Se-Hun,Won, Woo-Jae 대한핵의학기술학회 2011 핵의학 기술 Vol.15 No.2

단순 헤르페즈 제1형 티미딘 키나제(Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. HSV1-tk) 유전자는 보고 유전자(reporter gene)로서 필요한 조건뿐만 아니라 별도의 치료 유전자를 따로 이입할 필요가 없다는 장점을 가지고 있어 유전자 영상과 치료에서 가장 널리 사용되는 유전자 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 HSV1-tk 보고 유전자의 기질로서 많이 사용하고 있는 9-(4-[$^{18}F$] Fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl) guanine ([$^{18}F$] FHBG) 합성의 자동화와 더불어 최적의 합성 조건을 구현하기 위하여 실행하게 되었다. [$^{18}F$] FHBG 합성의 자동화를 위해 Explora-RN (CTI, USA) module을 사용하였다. 최적의 합성수율 조건을 찾기 위하여 반응시간의 변화(3 min, 5 min, 10 min)와 반응온도의 변화($110^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$)를 주었다. 또한 precursor 용량의 변화(5 mg, 7 mg, 10 mg)에도 합성수율이 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. [$^{18}F$] fluorination 단계에서 가장 높은 합성수율을 보인 반응온도는 $130^{\circ}C$였고, 반응시간은 5분이었다. 반면 precursor의 용량 변화 실험에서는 10 mg을 넣었을 때의 합성 수율($32{\pm}1.2%$)에 비하여 5 mg과 7 mg의 양에서는 안정된 값을 얻지 못하였다. [$^{18}F$] FHBG 합성의 Explora-RN 모듈에서의 자동화를 완성하였고 최적의 합성수율을 재현할 수 있는 반응시간과 반응온도, precursor의 농도를 찾았다. 하지만 감량 precursor 방법은 낮은 농도에서 비교적 큰 편차를 보여 안정된 값을 얻지는 못하였다. 이에 따라 임상에 직접 적용하기 위해서 더 많은 연구가 시행되어져야 할 것이다. Purpose: The HSV1-tk reporter gene system is the most widely used system because of its advantage is that it is possible to monitor directly without the introduction of a separate reporter gene in case of HSV1-tk suicide gene therapy. This study was performed to automate 9-(4-[$^{18}F$] Fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl) guanine ([$^{18}F$] FHBG) that are widely used as substrate for the HSV1-tk reporter gene in living organisms with positron emission tomography (PET) and find the optimized conditions of synthesis. Materials and Methods: Fully automated synthesis of [$^{18}F$] FHBG was performed using Explora-RN (CTI, USA) module. We have changed of reaction time (3, 5, 10 min) and temperature (110, 120, $130^{\circ}C$) for the optimized conditions of synthesis. Also we experimented to find the optimal concentration of precursor (5, 7, 10 mg). Results: [$^{18}F$] FHBG was purified by HPLC system and collected at around 10-12 min. Synthesis using Explora-RN module showed a $32.0{\pm}1.2%$ yield of radiochemical (decay corrected), the purity was greater than 98%. And the entire synthesis time was less than 48 min. Temperature of the highest synthesis yield was $130^{\circ}C$, reaction time was 5 minutes and concentration of precursor was 10 mg (recommended volume in manual) (n=36). In contrast to radiochemical yield of precursor 10 mg ($32{\pm}1.2%$), yield of 5 and 7 mg precursor was unstable. Conclusion: Automation of [$^{18}F$] FHBG synthesis at Explora-RN module has been completed. In addition, we were able to obtain optimized reaction time, temperature and concentration of precursor. Therefore this study would be provided more rapid synthesis and higher radiochemical yield.

도재용착용 Ni-Cr 합금과 Co-Cr 합금의 열처리에 따른 전단결합강도 비교

안재석,고은경,주규지 대한치과기공학회 2011 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of the ceramic fused to Ni-Cr alloy(Bellabond plus) and Co-Cr alloy(Wirobond C) by heat treatment. Methods: Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to heat treatment conditions prior to porcelain application. Fifteen specimens from each group were subjected to a shear load a universal testing machine using a 0.1㎜/min cross-head speed and one specimen from each group was observed with EDX line profile. Results: The diffusion of metal oxide observed far in the specimen heat treated than no heat treated in the opaque layer. The shear bond strength measured highest to BP3(50.50㎫), WC2(50.49㎫) groups and measured lowest from BP1(35.19㎫a), WC1(39.66㎫) groups which were not treated with heat, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The shear bond strength of Ni-Cr alloy(Bellabond plus) and Co-Cr alloy(Wirobond C) measured similar 5 groups all.

Hierarchic Layer Models for Anisotropic Laminated Plates

안재석,Prodyot K. Basu,우광성 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.6

Hierarchic p-refined formulations based on several macroscopic layer models are presented to analyze anisotropic laminated plates. Analysis of composite laminated plates is implemented with full discrete-layer, partial discrete-layer, and equivalent singlelayer models, respectively. In the first approach all three displacement components are expressed as the product of one- and twodimensional interpolation functions for applying the three-dimensional elasticity theory to each layer. Second approach considers thickness-wise variation of in-plane displacement in individual layers and a constant value of out-of-plane displacement across the plate thickness. The third approach assumes that a heterogeneous laminated plate stacked with several laminae is treated as a shell element using hierarchic interpolation functions. The integrals of Legendre polynomials and Gauss-Lobatto technique are adopted to interpolate displacement fields and to implement numerical quadrature, respectively. The validity and characteristics of the proposed numerical layer models are tested on anisotropic multilayered plates and sandwich plates, and compared with the values available in the published literature based on analytical methods and h-refined layer models.

금속 밀링과 직접 금속 레이저 소결 방식으로 제작한 3본 코발트-크롬 구조물의 변연 및 내부 적합도 비교 평가

안재석,이정환 대한치과기공학회 2020 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Purpose: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of three-unit Co-Cr frameworks fabricated by computer-aided metal milling and direct metal laser sintering(DMLS) systems in comparison to conventional casting method. Methods: Three-unit Co-Cr frameworks were fabricated by conventional wax up with casting(CWC), computer-aided metal milling(MM) and direct metal laser sintering(DMLS)(n=10 each). The marginal and internal fit of specimens were examined using a light-body silicone impression material. The thickness of light-body silicone was measured at eight reference points each, divided in the mesio distal and bucco lingual directions. All measurements were conducted by a stereomicroscope. Digital photos were taken at 150× magnification and then analyzed using a measurement software. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used for analyzing the results. Results: The mean(SD) is ㎛ for fabrication methods, the mean marginal fit were recorded respectively, DMLS 39(27), followed by CWC 63(38), MM 220(128). and the mean internal fit CWC 95(47), DMLS 116(49), MM 210(152). In addition, the largest gap was found in the occlusal surface area among the internal measurement areas of all groups. Conclusion: As a result, the direct metal laser sintering method showed better marginal and internal fit than the metal milling method. The marginal and internal fit were statistically different according to the three fabrication methods(p<0.001). Except the MM group, the marginal fit of the CWC and DMLS groups was below the clinical standard of 120 ㎛. Based on the results of this study, it can be applied to clinical use in the future.

근치적 수술 후 재발한 위암 환자의 임상 병리학적 분석

안재석,류승완,김인호,손수상 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.65 No.3

Purpose: Despite radical lymph node dissections and combined resections, experiences of recurrent gastric carcinomas are not infrequent. The prognosis of a recurrent gastric carcinoma has not improved despite the considerable recent progress in their treatment. This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence patterns in gastric cancer following a curative resection. Methods: The medical records of 1,163 patients, who had undergone curative resection for primary gastric cancer, in Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, between January 1990 and December 1996, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics, relationship of each factor with the pattern of recurrence and the rate of recurrence were analyzed. Results: Recurrent gastric cancer was confirmed in 350 patients (30.09%). The mean time interval to recurrence was 20.41±15.94 months. Of the patients with a recurrence, 231 (66.0%), 109 (31.1%) and 10 (2.9%) were early (0~2 years), intermediate (2~5 years) and late (more than 5 years) recurrences, respectively. 180 (51.4%), 90 (25.7%), 51 (14.6%) and 29 (8.3%) were peritoneal, loco-regional, distant and mixed recurrences, respectively. The recurrence patterns after a curative resection for a gastric carcinoma were related to the tumor location, differentiation, N-category and TNM stage. In a multivariate analysis, the size of tumor, Borrmann's classification, T-category, N-category, vascular invasion and Stage were found to be independent prognostic factors for a recurrence. Conclusion: Most recurrences of gastric carcinomas, following a curative resection, were found within 24 months. Therefore, the close follow up, with clinicopathological factors, is very important during this period, and might facilitate the early detection of a recurrence. (J Korean Surg Soc 2003;65:210-216)

유소년 축구선수 육성시스템 활성화 요인의 상대적 중요도

안재석,유광길 한국사회체육학회 2019 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.77

Purpose: This study is to explore the weight and priority order of devlopment system activation factors o f youth soccer player and thus, provide fundamental information. Method: For this purpose, the Delphi survey was carried out by five ugrus and a hierarchy structure was established with agreed survey questions in the third round. Bsaed on this, the pair-wise comparison que-s tionnaires were developed. The research targeted coaches of U-12, U-15, U-18 in professional football clubs. SPSS WIN Ver. 21.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013 were used for the data process. Results: The following results came from the study. First, the priority order(relative importance) in the evaluation field of development system activation factors was insturctor factor, training factor, budget factor, infr a factor, planning and administration factor. Second, the scouting system in the planning and administration factor among evaluation items, proper staff arrangement in the inraf factor occupied in top rank. The support of labor costs in the budget among evaluation items, related training program in the training factor occupied in a top rank. And the coaching ability in the instructor factor among evaluation items occupied in a top rank. Lastly, the coaching ability, analysis ability, educational view, related training program, overseas training program and support of labor costs held high ranks in all factors, but the systematic school support, sports science, physical environment, training support and exchange and participate in soccer competitions held low in it. Conclusion: The study will make an impressive contribution as developmen tsystem guidelines when the youth soccer teams try to activate their organization and youth players.

비귀금속 합금에 적용한 Au based bonding agent가 금속-도재 결합에 미치는 영향

안재석,이정환,정종현 대한치과기공학회 2010 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.32 No.2

정신지체학생의 사회적응력 신장을 위한 전환교육활동 프로그램의 편성 운영

안재석 국립특수교육원 2002 특수교육 사례연구 Vol.3 No.-

일제강점기 조선에서의 뮤지컬 영화 수용 양상 연구

안재석 한국영화학회 2019 영화연구 Vol.0 No.82

Musical film is a genre that was born with the introduction of talkie, or sound film. Following the success of The Jazz Singer (1927), the world’s first talkie and musical film, Hollywood studios began to churn out films based on music and dance. By the early 1930s, more than 150 musical films were produced and it has a full-fledged genre since 1933, leading the golden age of Hollywood studio system in the 1930s and 1940s. However, the era of sound films in Joseon was not the era of musical films. Although sound films began to be shown in Joseon in 1930 and the first Joseon-language sound film was made in 1935, musical films did not settle into mainstream genre in both screening and production. At that time, Joseon was the Japanese occupation that has been subordinated in entire culture and film industry by Japan. Yet why couldn’t musical films become mainstream genre in Joseon, which has been more exciting than any other nation and has enjoyed a play culture. This paper has its primary purpose in solving these questions. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to discover and historicalize the attempts and efforts of unknown and unrecognized Joseon filmmakers toward musical films. For this purpose, First I looked at the process of musical films shaping and evolving as a genre, going through various forms during the age of Hollywood studio system. And I studied how musical films were introduced and accepted into theaters in Joseon, and how Joseon filmmakers created the musical moment of Joseon films, based on the newspaper and magazine materials of that time and various preceding research. 뮤지컬 영화는 토키(talkie), 즉 발성(發聲)영화가 도입되면서 탄생한 장르이다. 세계 최초의 발성영화이자 뮤지컬 영화인 <재즈 싱어(The Jazz Singer)>(1927)의성공 이후 할리우드 스튜디오들은 앞다투어 음악(노래)과 춤을 기반으로 한 영화들을 쏟아내기 시작했는데, 1930년대 초반까지만 150여 편에 이르는 뮤지컬 영화가 제작되었고 1933년을 기점으로 본격적인 장르로서의 틀을 갖추고 1930∼1940 년대 할리우드 스튜디오 시스템의 황금기를 이끌었다. 하지만 조선의 발성영화 시대는 뮤지컬 영화의 시대가 아니었다. 1930년부터조선에서도 발성영화가 대중 상영되기 시작했고 1935년에는 최초의 조선어 발성영화도 만들어졌지만, 뮤지컬 영화는 상영에서도 제작에서도 주류 장르로 정착하지 못했다. 당시 조선이 문화와 영화산업 전반이 일본에 종속되어 있던 일제강점기였다는 점을 감안하더라도, 그 어떤 민족보다도 흥(興)이 많고 탈놀이, 꼭두각시놀음, 판소리, 남사당놀이 같은 연희 문화를 즐겨왔던 조선에서 왜 뮤지컬 영화는 주류 장르가 될 수 없었을까? 본 논문은 바로 이러한 궁금증을 해소해보는 데 그 일차적인 목적이 있다. 그리고 더 나아가 그동안 알려지지 않았던, 혹은 인정받지 못했던 조선 영화인들의뮤지컬 영화를 향한 시도와 노력을 발굴하고 역사화하려는 목적도 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 할리우드 스튜디오 시스템 시기 다양한 양식을 거치며 뮤지컬 영화가 장르로서의 틀을 갖추고 발전해가는 과정을 살펴보고, 당대 신문, 잡지 자료와 일제강점기 조선의 가극/악극, 외국영화의 수입-배급-상영, 발성영화의 제작 등을 다룬 선행연구를 바탕으로 이들 뮤지컬 영화가 조선의 극장가에 어떻게 소개되고수용되었는지, 그리고 조선 영화인들은 어떤 방식으로 조선영화의 뮤지컬적 순간을 만들어냈는지 고찰해보았다.

상악의 implant supported overdenture 수복증례

안재석 대한치과기공학회 2006 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.28 No.2