퇴계학파 내 호발설의 이해에 대한 일고찰 -성호,청대,대산의 논쟁 비교를 통하여-

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ) 퇴계학연구원 2004 退溪學報 Vol.115 No.-

연안지역의 물환경에 영향을 미치는 산림유역의 수문변동과 영양분 동태 연구 -화순 백아산 활엽수림을 사례로-

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ),이계한 ( Kye Han Lee ),안기완 ( Ki Wan Ahn ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2012 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.24 No.2

Reduced water discharge and increased nutrient loads from forest catchments caused water quality degradation in downstream areas such as rivers, dams, wetlands and estuaries. In this study, hydrology and nutrient loading in the deciduous forest had been investigated over a year in order to conserve and manage the aquatic environment of coastal areas in Jeollanam Province. We quantified water discharge and nutrient (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) dynamics. The rainfall from June 28 to 29 (2008) in the deciduous forest catchment on Mt. Baekah resulted in a maximum water discharge (2.7 tons yr-1). The water flow responded quickly to the rainfall due to the steep slope. However, water discharge was low during the snowmelt period. The amount of annual precipitation was 12,519 ton ha-1 yr-1. Summer period (June-August) contributed the largest portion (7,270 ton ha-1) of the total annual precipitation compared to other seasons. The autumn period (September-November), which had a relatively low precipitation, showed the highest flow rate (84%) due to water retention in forest soil. However, the ratio of water discharge to precipitation during the summer period(consisted of heavy rainfall events) was lowest (47%) due to the flood control caused by water retention of the forest soil. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) annual input through precipitation were 1,412 kg yr-1 and 23.6 kg yr-1, respectively. Annual output of TN and TP was 198 kg yr-1 and 2.5 kg yr-1 in the deciduous forest catchment ecosystem, respectively. Based on annual nutrient input and output, the annual budget of TN and TP had been 14 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 0.3 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the deciduous forest catchment, respectively. In conclusion, TN and TP had been accumulated in the deciduous forest catchment ecosystem.

토미즘과 비교를 통해서 본 혜강 최한기 인식론의 특징

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ) 東洋哲學硏究會 2007 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.49 No.-

이 글의 목적은 혜강 최한기의 인식론를 천주교 토미즘에 근거한 선교사들의 인식론과 비교해 어떤 부분이 수용되고 어떤 부분이 비판되었는가를 살펴보고, 이를 통해 최한기 인식론의 특징이 무엇인가를 밝히려는 것이다. 이를 위하여 논자는 첫째, 종교적 관점에서 소개된 영혼과 의학적 관점에서 소개된 프뉴마를 분석하고, 그것을 다시 최한기의 신기와 비교하여 인식의 주체 문제를 살펴보았다. 둘째, 이러한 인식의 주체에서 어떠한 방식으로 인식이 출발하게 되는가를 살펴보았다. 선교사들은 인식이 눈, 귀, 코, 입, 몸이라는 신체기관을 통하여 감각함으로 시작된다고 하면서, 감각 이전의 상태를 백지상태에 비유하였다. 최한기 역시 제규(諸窺)라는 감각 기관이 외부 사물과 접촉함으로써(諸觸) 인식이 출발한다고 보았고, 인식 이전을 백지 상태처럼 묘사하였다. 즉 최한기와 선교사들 모두 인식 대상이 외부에 객관적으로 존재하고 경험을 통하여 인식된다는 실재론적 경험론을 주장하였다는 데서 그 유사성을 찾아볼 수 있다. 셋째, 인식 주체에 수용된 감각이 어떤 방식으로 개념화되는가? 라는 문제를 살펴보았다. 토미즘에서는 이 개념화가 비물질적인 영혼의지성 부분에서 성립한다고 보았고, 최한기는 신기의 용(用)인 추측에서 성립한다고 보았다. 그런데 선교사들은 지성이 비물질적이기 때문에 추론에 의하여 신의 존재를 알 수 있고, 또 신의 심판이 대상이 되는 영혼이 불멸한다고 하였다. 그러나 최한기는 인식 주체를 신기로 봄으로 그들을 비판하게 된다. 논자는 이러한 세 가지 측면에서 최한기의 인식론을 토미즘과 비교하면서 최한기 인식론을 특징을 밝혀 보았다. The objective of the present study is to identify the characteristics of Choi Han-Gi`s epistemology by comparing it with Catholic missionaries` epistemology and finding what he accepted and what he criticized. For this purpose, we first analyzed soul introduced from a religious viewpoint and pneuma introduced from a medical viewpoint, and then examined the issue of the subject of cognition through comparison with Choi Han-Gi`s shinki.(神氣) Second, I examined the way of how cognition starts. Missionaries maintained that cognition starts from sensation through the organs in the body like eye, ear, nose, mouth and skin, and compared the state before sensation to tabula rasa. Choi Han-Gi also viewed that cognition starts when a sensory organ called ``Jegyu(諸竅)`` contacts external objects and compared the state before cognition to tabula rasa. That is, they were similar in that both maintained empiricism that the objects of cognition exist outside objectively and they are recognized through experience. Third, we examined the question of how sensation admitted to the subject of cognition is conceptualized. Thomism views that the conceptualization constitutes the intelligence part of non-materialistic soul, and Choi Hang-Gi viewed that conceptualization is possible because of presumption, with is the use of spirit. However, missionaries maintained that the existence of God can be recognized by inference because intelligence is non-material and soul, which is the object of God`s judgment, is eternal. However, Choi Han-Gi criticized the logical of Catholic religion by regarding spirit as the subject of cognition. The author explained the characteristics of Choi Han-Gi` epistemology through comparing his epistemology with Thomism from the three angles stated above.

산림유역의 토지변형에 따른 수질과 토사생산량 변화 -일본 시라루토로호수 지역의 연구 결과-

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ) 한국환경생태학회 2009 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.23 No.6

산림벌채와 농경지 개발에 의한 토사와 영양염류의 유출은 시라루토로호수의 생물서식지 환경을 악화시키고 있다. 산림벌채와 농업활동이 수질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 토지이용에 따른 총질소와 총인의 변화를 분석하고, 이들의 분석 결과를 다른 연구자료와 비교하였다. 호수의 총질소와 총인은 산림면적 증가에 따라 감소하고, 농지면적이 증가하면 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 그러나 시라루토로호수의 수질은 좁은 농지면적과 넓은 산림으로 둘러싸여 있음에도 불구하고 총질소와 총인의 농도가 높게 나타났다. 이는 유역의 토지이용이 호수에 인접한 곳에서 행해지고 있어 호수 수질에 영향을 미친 것으로 사료되었다. 토지이용에 따른 유역의 토사생산량 변화를 추정하기 위해 호수 토사퇴적물 시료 11개를 채취하여 약 300년 동안의 토사동태를 조사하였다. 채취한 호수 퇴적물에는 2개의 화산재층(1694년의 Ko-c2층과 1739년의 Ta-a층)과 세슘(137Cs)피크(1963년)가 존재하였고, 이들의 연대를 이용하여 약 300년간 유역의 토사생산량을 분석하였다. 초기개발기(1694~1739과 1739~1963)에는 8.4~8.9 tons/㎢/year의 토사가 유역으로부터 생산되었고, 1960년대 이후 산림벌채와 농지개발로 인하여 21.1 tons/㎢/year(1963~2007)으로 토사생산량이 증가하였다. Sediment and nutrient loading caused by the removal of forest cover and alteration of agricultural lands in catchments have led to the deterioration in Lake Shirarutoro. To examine the effects of deforestation and agricultural activities on water quality, I examined changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of lake water induced by land use change, and compared them with the various research data produced over the years. Our investigation showed that the level of TN and TP in the lake water decreased when forest cover increased but increased when farmland area increased. The concentration of TN and TP was high in Lake Shirarutoro despite that its catchment was surrounded by large forests and small farmlands. This result indicates that land uses near Lake Shirarutoro have affected the quality of the lake water. I have examined the changes of sediment yield in the lake`s catchment over the last approximately 300 years. Eleven core samples were obtained from the lake sediment and analyzed to establish a chronology after using two tephra layers (Ko-c2 in 1694 and Ta-a in 1739) and a 137Cs peak (in 1963). The average sediment yield under the natural condition during the first two periods was 8.4 tons/km2/year in 1694~1739 and 8.9 tons/km2/year in 1739~1963 respectively. The conversion of the Shirarutoro catchment into agricultural lands and deforestation intensified, leading to an increased sediment yield of 21.1 tons/km2/year during 1963~2007.

한국사상(철학) : 조선후기 사상사에 나타난 절대자와 개인의 관계 양상의 일단면 - 동학의 성리학적 근거를 중심으로 -

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ) 한국사상문화학회 2006 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.33 No.-

이 글은 동학의 창시자 최제우의 사상을 가능하게 했던 여러 요소 중에 성리학적 근거를 탐색하는 것이다. 최제우는 무위이화(無爲而化)라는 논리를 통해 상제라는 초월적 인격신이 개인에게 내려오는 하향적 방향과 수심정기(守心正氣)라는 논리를 통해 개인이 그 절대자에 다가가는 상향적 방향을 제시하였다. 그리고 여기에 영약(靈藥)이라는 도교적 요소를 개입시켰다. 논자는 상제와 영약의 기본 모티브에는 경주지역에 활동하면서 전통적 정서를 보였던 성리학자 남용만의 영향이 있었음을 논증하였다. 그리고 무위이화는 퇴계-이상정-최옥(최제우의 아버지)을 거치면서 최제우에게 계승되었다고 보았다. 그리고 수심정기는 율곡-이간-송치규-홍직필-최림(최제우 의 스승)을 거쳐 최제우에게 계승되었다고 보았다. 결국 최제우 이전 경주지역에는 전통정서를 대변하는 남용만, 퇴계학파의 전통을 계승해 온 최옥, 율곡학파의 전통을 계승해 온 최림이 있었고, 최제우는 이들 논리를 통합하여 조선후기 사상사에서 절대자와 개인의 관계를 새롭게 구성한 것이었다. The present study explored the Neo-Confucian ground, one of several factors that influenced the philosophy of Choi Je-woo, the founder of Donghak. Choi Je-woo(崔濟愚) suggested a downward direction for a transcendental god with personality called Sangje(上帝: the Lord of Heaven) to come down to individuals through the logic of Muwiyihwa (無爲而化; the change of non-doing) and a upward direction for individuals to approach the Absolute through the logic of Susimjeonggi(守心正氣 keeping mind and straightening vital energy). In addition, he introduced the Taoistic element called Yeongyak (靈藥: miraculous medicine). The researcher demonstrated that the basic motive of Sangje and Yeongyak was the influence of Nam Yong-man(南龍萬), a Neo-Confucian who acted based on the Gyeongju area and showed the traditional sentiment. In addition, this study viewed that Muwiyihwa was handed down to Choi Je-woo through Toigye Lee Hwang(退溪 李滉)-Lee Sang-jeong(李象靖)-Choi Ok (崔옥(沃+玉): Choi Je-woo`s father), and Susimjeonggi through Yulgok Lee Yi(栗谷 李珥)-Lee Gan(李柬)-Song Chi-gyu(宋時烈)-Hong Jik-pil(洪直弼)-Choi Rim(崔林; Choi Je-woo`s teacher). After all, before Choi Je-woo, there were Nam Yong-man who represented the traditional sentiment, Choi Ok who succeeded to the tradition of Toigye`s school, and Choi Rim who succeeded to the tradition of Yulgok`s school in the Gyeongju area, and Choi Je-woo integrated these logics and redefined the relation between the Absolute and individuals in the history of philosophy in the late Chosun Dynasty.

하도 내 달뿌리풀 서식에 대한 바닥막이의 영향 분석

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ),조희두 ( Hi Doo Cho ),서정일 ( Jung Il Seo ),김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.3

In analyzing of stream grade-stabilization structures for Phragmites japonica inhabitation in channel bed of the Bukbang stream, a branch of the Han River. The upper has narrow width of stream and gradient of stream is urgent comparatively and that bed material consists of boulder stone and gravel, fine-grained sediment area was not found. These featured differed in the middle of the stream and the low of the stream , Bed material of the middle and the low is finer than the upper stream and width of stream is wider, fine-grained sediment area was found. The P. japonica was apparent in the community for the channel bed of Bukbang stream, and Salix gracilistyla was growing in part of the P. japonica community surrounding area. When the stream grade-stabilization structures series were constructed over the whole channel bed(L’/L=1) on model experiment, the F.A. value was decreased approximately 1/11 compare with non-work(L’/L=0). The efficiencies of the stream grade-stabilization structures series on the channel width, after the construction of stream grade-stabilization structures series on the whole channel bed(L’/L= 1), flow channel width was decreased to about 0.71 times compare with non-work(4`/t=0) . Stream grade-stabilization structures are confirmed that the structures influence to make up bed invasion condition and inhabit such as P. japonica.

설사(泄瀉)의 사암침법(舍岩鍼法) 활용(活用)에 대한 문헌고찰(文獻考察)

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyoung Yim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: This study is aimed to search for the effective application of the Sa-Am acupuncture(舍岩鍼法) for the treatment of diarrhea. Methods: The classification and the treatment for diarrhea in ≪Sa-Am-Do-In-Chim-Gu-Yo-Kyul (舍岩道人鍼灸要訣)≫ was compared with those of ≪Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham(東醫寶鑑)≫ and ≪Chim-Gu-Dae-Sung(鍼灸大成)≫. Results & Conclusions: In ≪Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham(東醫寶鑑)≫, diarrhrea was classified into 20 classes and mainly treated with herbal medicine and additionally with acupuncture treatment. Ashi (nearby) points in Lower abdomen and sacral region were often used as well as the points on Spleen meridian(SP) and Stomach meridian(ST) to treat diarrhea in ≪Chim-Gu-Dae-Sung(鍼灸大成)≫. According to ≪Sa-Am-Do-In-Chim-Gu-Yo-Kyul(舍岩道人鍼灸要訣)≫, Diarrhrea was classified into 6 classes; wet diarrhrea (濡泄; kidney damage), abrupt diarrhrea (暴泄; spleen damage), damp diarrhrea (濕泄; stomach damage), fire diarrhrea (火泄; heart dryness), ki(qi) diarrhrea (氣泄; Lung damage) and cold diarrhrea (冷泄; Liver damage). Sa-Am acupuncture seems to be applied on the basis of more precise diagnoses of organs and meridians and provide with more fundamental treatments in comparison with classical acupuncture.

3분과 : 210Pb 연대측정에 의한 일본 타호부호수의 토사퇴적속도 변화 분석

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ),안기완 ( Ki Wan An ),이계한 ( Kye Han Lee ),중촌태사 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

산림유역의 토지이용 변화가 호수의 토사퇴적속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 210Pb 연대측정을 수행하였다. 평상시 타코부호수는 쿠시로강으로 유출되지만 쿠시로강의 수위가 증가하면 역류현상으로 인해 쿠시로강에 유출된 다량의 세립토사가 호수로 유입되고 있어 호수 유출지점의 토사퇴적속도를 증가시키고 있었다. 그래서 호수에서 유·출입하는 하천 주변의 토사퇴적물에서 210Pb 농도는 많은 양의 토사 퇴적의 영향으로 210Pb 농도가 희석되어 비교적 낮은 값을 나타내고 있었으며 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향도 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CRS모델의 210Pb 연대측정법을 사용하였고, CRS 모델의 연대는 137Cs 연대(1963년)와 잘 일치하였다. 타코부호수에서 과거 100~150년 정도의 토사퇴적속도를 조사한 결과, 유역에서 인위적 개발이 없는 1880년대 이전 자연상태에서는 토사퇴적량이 0.01~0.03 g/cm2/year였고, 산림벌채와 하천공사가 시작된 1880년대~1940년대에는 0.03~0.09 g/cm2/year으로 토사퇴적이 증가하였다. 특히 유역에서 산림벌채, 하천공사, 농업개발과 임도 개설이 진행된 1980년대 이후에는 토사퇴적속도가 0.09~0.84 g/cm2/year로 자연상태보다 9~28배 증가하여 호수의 수심이 얕아지는 현상을 가속시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 210Pb dating was conducted to examine the influence of land use changes in the forest catchment on lake sedimentation. The Kushiro River, into which Lake Takkobu drains under regular flow conditions, contributed to an increased sedimentation rate in sampling point at the lake outflow because turbid water from the Kushiro River flows back into Lake Takkobu during floods. The elevated sediment flux from the catchment dilutes the 210Pb concentration in sampling points at the inflow of the Takkobu River and the lake outflow, which causes fluctuations in the 210Pbconcentrations in sediment cores. The 210Pb dating was estimated using the CRS (Constant rate of Supply) model. Thedates by the CRS model in Lake Takkobu profiles were in good agreement with the dates by 137Cs. Sedimentation rates reconstructed for the past 100-150 years suggested that sedimentation rates increased drastically following land use changes. While a natural sedimentation rate of 0.01-0.03 g/cm2/year is observed until the 1880s, whereas lakesedimentation accelerated to 0.03-0.09 g/cm2/year following land use changes such as deforestation and channelization, between the 1880s and 1940s. In particular, the sedimentation rates have been associated with deforestation, channelization, agricultural development and road construction, since the 1980s, and these rates were about 9-28 times higher than those under natural conditions, leading to accelerated lake shallowing.

삼림 소유역에 개설된 임도가 부유토사량 변화에 미치는 영향

안영상 ( Young Sang Ahn ),조희두 ( Hi Doo Cho ),오광인 ( Kwang In Oh ),채정기 ( Jyung Ki Chai ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.1

To investigate if the stream in the forest watershed receives suspended sediment from the forest road, observations were carried out at three survey Points that receive effect of the forest road in forest watersheds and at one survey point that does not receive effect of the forest road in forest watersheds. According to the examination of the change of suspended sediments , they increased in place where there was forest road construction during rainfall and the maximum suspended sediment of each surveying Point differed . The suspended sediment in four surveying points was less than standard of drinking water(25mg/ℓ) with daily rainfall of 0mm, Under the 60mm of daily rainfall, suspended sediment of four surveying points did show more than standard of drinking water, under the 406mm of daily rainfall, suspended sediment was 67~246 times more at the surveying Point a, b and c than at the surveying point d.

내시경적 경접형동 접근술에 의한 뇌하수체 종양의 수술

안영상,전영일,안재성,전상룡,김정훈,나영신,노성우,김창진,권양,임승철,이정교,권병덕,Ahn, Young Sang,Chun, Young Il,Ahn, Jae Sung,Jeon, Sang Ryong,Kim, Jeong Hoon,Ra, Young Shin,Roh, Sung Woo,Kim, Chang Jin,Kwon, Yang,Rhim, Seung Chul,Lee 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.5

Objective : Transseptal or sublabial transsphenoidal surgery has been standard teatment for pituitary tumors for decades. However, as an alternative to this surgery endonasal endoscopic technique has been reported with encouraging results. We have started endoscopy-assisted transsphednoidal surgery from May 1998. In this paper we analyzed the methods, outcome, advantage and disadvantage of this surgical approach for the purpose of planning optimal treatment of pituitary tumors. Methods : This study consisits of 13 cases of pituitary tumors who were treated by endoscopy-assisted transsphenoidal surgery using one nostril from May 1998 to July 1999. Mean follow up period was 12.9 months. Results : There was no septal or sublabial incision and little surgical damage to nasal structure. With this technique, rapid surgical approach and short hospital day were possible, being 3-6 days in patients without CSF leakage. Using various angled endoscope, good surgical view was obtained. Initially it was difficult to use various instruments in narrow nasal cavity, but became feasible after several procedures. Among 13 cases, total removal was possible in 11 cases. One of two cases in whom tumor was incompletely removed underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery and second underwent reoperation through subfrontal approach. There were 6 cases of hormone secreting tumors and hormonal remission was achived in all of these cases. Postoperative complications were CSF leakage(6 cases), diabetes insipidus(2 cases) and panhypopituitarysm(1 case). Lumbar drainage was done in all cases of CSF leakage. Conclusion : The advantage of endoscopy-assisted transsphenoidal surgery are rapid surgical approach, low postoperative morbidity, short hospital day and good surgical view. The disadvantage of this appoach are difficulty in manupulating various instruments in narrow nostril and difficulty in distance perception but these problems can be overcome by practice and using stereoscopic endoscope.