邑誌圖 分析을 통한 韓國 傳統의 Waterfront 景觀 特性에 관한 硏究

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

1871년부터 1899년 사이에 각 郡縣에서 그린 邑誌圖와 보조 분석자료로써 民畵와 산수화를 대상으로 총 40개소의 郡縣에 나타난 74가지의 특성을 분석한 결과, 한국 전통의 waterfront 경관의 특징은 다음과 같은 것으로 나타났다. 1) 절벽형은 주로 동해안을 따라 발달 했는데, 해안에 절벽이 발달한 곳을 중요시하여 이곳에 臺나 정자를 두는 경우가 많았다. 臺인 경우 臺 위에 건물이 있는 경우가 20% 밖에 되지 않아 많은 경우 건물을 짓지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 절벽 가운데에도 수직적 절리가 발달한 경관을 중요시 하였다. 2) U字型은 전통 Waterfront 경관 가운데 가장 출현빈도가 높은 유형이다. 이 유형은 「灣+建物」,「島+灣+建物」, 그리고 「海門+灣+城郭+船所」의 세가지 세부 유형이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 立岩型은 출현빈도(9.5%)가 높지는 않았지만 해안에 특이한 형태로 서 있는 바위를 중요시 여기고 생긴 모습에 따라 적당한 이름을 붙였다. 4) 돌출형(거점형)은 전 경관을 한 눈에 볼 수 있는 장소를 귀하게 여겨 臺나 亭子를 둔 것으로 나타났다. 특히 절벽형과 돌출형인 경우 강한 이미지를 형성한 것으로 보인다. 5) 凹凸型 육지가 직선 형태로 바다속으로 밀고들어 가거나 혹은 그 반대인 경우로 보이도록 조성한 Waterfront 경관이 있었다. 7) 경관 인식은 도로 보다는 하천이, 모래사장보다는 절벽을 더 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타낫다. 6) 해안선은 자연 상태로 되어있는 경우와 석축을 쌓은 경우, 요철형으로 만든 경우가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7) Waterfront 경관의 중요 구성 요소를 보면 수직적 절리가 발달한 절벽, 특이한 형태의 島, 특이한 형태의 立岩, 동굴, 海門, 해변가의 솔밭, 솔밭 사이로 난 길, 臺, 亭子, 海倉, 船所, U字形 의 灣, 그리고 바닷가에 흩어져 있는 바위군 등인 것으로 나타났다. Analysing many images that were contained in the 19C county-wide maps of Chosun Dynasty, this study has sought characteristics of traditional waterfront landscape of Korea. Five types of the traditional waterfront landscape of Korea has turned out. 1) Cliff type : Cliff type, one of many traditional waterfront landscape, would found mainly in Eastern coast in korea, prominently in Kwang-Won Province. Examining the images of maps, many cliffs are presented by fragmented rocks with layers that developed in vertical. People built a pavillion or used cliff rocks themselves as 'Dae' to view and rest. 2) U-shaped type : U-shaped types are found in all part of the Korean Sea: East, West, and South. There are 3 detailed different U-shaped types. ① Bay+Building : This type is found in 'Kang-Nung'. The maps showed that each pavillion was placed at an end of inner bay in a ginger shaped multi-bay. A well developed sand-dung posed a sea-gate, but it wasn't recorded as a sea-gate. ② Island+Bay+Building : This type has drawn with most detailed and with technique 'San-Su' painting. It is believed that the U-shape shoreline has built with rocks, and is characterized that there are docking places or piers in a straight and curve shoreline. ③ Sea-gate+Bay+Wall+Docking place : A navy fort in Choong-Chung province built a fortress, utilizing crests of shoreline, and placed 4 gates. Characteristics of this waterfrong landscape are that there are sea-gates, and docking places(ㄱ shape), using U-shaped natural rocks. 3) Elevated rocks type : An image map of 'Seo-Gyee Po' in Jae-Ju province shows 'Ye-Dol' elevated rocks, called 'a general stone', with a peculiar form. 4) Cape type: Cape was considered as an important waterfront place, and placed a pavillion, 'Dae' etc. People placed a pavillion or 'Dae' on a cliff, a point, or a land protrude into water. This is a good place to obtain a panoramic view or a variety of view. 5) Geometric shaped type: This type can be much seen in trade prots or navy bases. It is a type of reshaping water-shore into a rectangular dock to moor the ships.

造景史에 있어서 새로운 接近方法의 模索(I) : 日本造藝學會誌 60여년의 造園史 硏究 動向에 대하여

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭 대학교 1997 연구논문집 Vol.54 No.2

The objective of this study is to analyse a research trend of the Japanese land-scape history and to provide guidelines for future studies of a landscape history. To abtain these objectives, this study has reviewed 407 landscape history articles which were published in the Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture since the first edition of 1935. The result of this analysis are as follows: 1. The articles, related to the history of landscape architecture, were 407 out of the total 1648 that were published between 1935 and 1995, and occupied 24.7%, respectively. 2. The number of landscape history articles has risen 4.5 times in 1990's, compared to that of 1930's, but the portion of the landscape history has maintained 20-30% of the total articles. 3. It was turned out that the most active periods in the research of landscape history were the 1940's and 1970's, occupying aove 30%. The reasons were to search for original forms of the Japanese landscape gardening and their influencing factors in the 1940's and to narrow and extend their subjects in the 1970's. 4. The 1960's was a turning period in the methods and contents of landscape history, focusing on modern park and historical landscape. Also it was a period to inform the Japanese garden to the world thorugh the economic growth and the Celemony of Olympic Game and IFLA in 1964. 5. The 1970's was a focusing and extending period, diversifying the subjects in every field of landscape history. This trend was continued to the 1980's. 6. In the 1980's, the researches were oriented to a diversification of not only the subject but the methodology, including a comparative study in the landscape style and scientific method. In terms of their contends, there were a great increase on the areas of modern park and historical landscape. 7. The 1990's was a period of following 1980's trend. In terms of the research methodology, diversified scientific methods were used. Regarding to the subject, many articles have concentrated on a revelation of social circumstance in a specific period, identifying and analysing peculiar materials. 8. To summarize the research trends of the Japanese landscape, it can be said that the period between 1930's -1950's were a period of searching for an original Japanese Garden, and 1960's was a transition period, and 1970-1990's were a period of diversification in the subject and in the development research methodology.

역사공원의 개념과 정비유형에 관한 연구

안계복 한국정원학회 2001 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This research was studied to solve the problem that is conflicted between the preservation and practical use of historical monuments. The results of this research are as follows. 1. The standards that judge the meaning and value of the historical site are summarized as 4 values symbolic, spatial, geographical, and scenic. 2. The important thing in preserving and using the historical site is make it up as a place that can be researched, experienced, and used in education. The one of the ways that can do it is the making it up to the historical park, which means the park which is made that the history can live in there, be felt, and experienced on there. 3. The adjustment of related regulations in consideration of the meaning and value of historical park, and the social movement. 4. The spiritual heritage, which is important historically, has to be succeeded and developed in national aspect. And the national historic park is a nice tool for this. 5. The national historical trail(NHT) which is one type of historical park will carry out important role as a concept that is different from the urban park's or National Parks. The research to develop the NHT has to be accomplished more in Korea, and a trail like route of Imjinwaelan[The war between Korea and Japan in Chosun Dynasty(1592)] that is connected with the National Sea Park has to take priority of the research. 6. The historical park is one type of urban park, or National Park, or trail. And it means the park that is made on historical site in order to preserve the historic and cultural resources, and also to use it recreationally and educationally so that the history can live in there and can be felt and experienced on there. 7. And also, the historical park is a concept that includes the parks that reproduce or recreated the historic theme in order to grant the symbolic, spatial, scenic values. 8. There are 6 adjustment types for the preservation and use of the Historic site : free use type, open-preserve type, use of garden-road type, free use & special control type, recreate type and compound type. 9. In order to solve the problem of the development and the preservation, we can apply the recreate type, open-preserve type, free use & special control type according to the cases of historic remains.

聖堂 屋外空間 改善方案에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 物理的 空間 構成要素가 視覺的 選好에 미치는 영향에 관하여 refer to physical elements of chapital outdoor space effect on visual preference

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 교육연구소 1986 가톨릭敎育硏究 Vol.1 No.-

고구려 역사 유적 답사기

안계복 한국전통조경학회 2005 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Analysis of Patterns of 2016 Korea Garden Show Competition Entries

안계복,김해경,이유직,정해준,최이규 한국전통조경학회 2016 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.14 No.-

In this study, the design patterns of competition entries to the third annual event of Korea Garden Show were analyzed. Exhibited gardens can be defined to temporary garden, and the results of the analysis are as follows: 1. A wide range of themes of Korean gardens, which were not restricted to Bangjiwondo type, or a typical traditional garden type, were displayed. However, the contextuality of the theme was not maintained in the process of realizing conceptual design; 2. Even though various garden elements were not adopted because of limited and fixed exhibition space, most of the components of Korean gardens were introduced in direct form. As for plants, popular modern horticultural floras were utilized more than traditional ones; and 3. There were gaps in the perception of Korean garden among different fields. Experts took analytical approach, whereas the visitors took a more intuitive approach and displayed high dependence on images.

邑誌途 分析을 통한「臺」의 原型에 관한 硏究

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

Analysing many imaes that were contained in the 19C conuntry-wide maps of Chosun Dynasty, this study has sought prototypes of Dae in Korea. Eight prototypes of Dae in Korea has turned out. 1) A type of huge and flat rock is found mainly in stream and ridge, and divided in 3 groups : ① like stairs at stream, ② flat rock with hight located in ridge, ③ flat rock without hight located in stream. 2) A type of a mountain peak located in inland area, and divided in 3 groups. : ① type of "П" ② type of "∩" ③ type of "∧". 3) A type of cliff is found mainly in stream and seashore and divided in 2 groups. : ① type of "Ω" mainly located in seashore, ② cliff with flat mainly located in curved stream

韓國의 樓亭名 選定에 關한 硏究

安啓福 효성여자대학교 한국전통문화연구소 1989 韓國傳統文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

環境設計에 있어서 새로운 設計方法論에 관하여

安啓福 효성여자대학교 문리과대학 조경학과 1983 造景硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

UTOPIA에 關한 硏究 : 都市計劃과 設計를 中心으로 With regard to urban planning and design

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.28 No.1

The population of the world is exploding. Industrialization and Mechanization is driving people to the cities. The rising flood of urbanization is surging outward from the center and engulfing the surrounding countryside. Various environmental problems, such as poluttion, lack of open speace, destruction of ecosystem, desolation of landscape according to solid wastes, slum and ghetto, etc····are the targets of utopia. Under the such a circumstance, this study aim at to analyze the process of utopia at the point of historical view, and to propose an basic direction for the future ideal urban plan and design. A word Utopia is coined by Sir Thomas More from Greek roots meaning "a healthy place and no where". This means an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under perfect conditions, we can find the similar concepts of utopia from the religions. For example, Do-gyo, You-gyo, Buldaism, and ···· The results of analysis of utopia at the point of historical view: 1. The city is composed of individuals and groups, working alone or together, in different diciplines, when individuals work together, they take on new characteristics and develop new needs. Typically, Phalanstery plan absorbed with the same ideas. 2. Urban size is appropriated to the function of urban, population, and the local conditions, like L.B. Alberti's idea. 3. Ideal city planning and town design has been a only single theme from the Plato. For example, many architects in the Renaissance tried their hand at the design of ideal star-shaped cities. This problems will be altered by the ideas of Regional planning. 4. Proper population size is various in Utopia. This is estimated by rational method. 5. Application of life-style. 6. Proposal of standard model to the Urban Spatial Structure, 7. Realization of utopia will be achieved by establishment of new human settlement pattern. 8. Consideration of horizontal and vertical movement. 9. There are some problems which can not discuss until now. Namely, political problems, distruction of ecosystem, personal problems and socio-cultural problems. Thease problems are not solved by one or two specialist.