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심준형,김원중,전진호 인제대학교 2004 仁濟論叢 Vol.19 No.1
Objective: Main objective of this paper is to examine the characteristics of long-term inpatients and reasons for long hospitalization, and, based on the experience of long-term inpatients management task force, to explore some ideas to reduce the length of stay which has become critical for effective hospital management. Methods: A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for 132 inpatients who had stayed for 30 days or more in a university hospital located in Busan, Korea. Survey items included general characteristics of the inpatients and various reasons for long stay. Also, results of 5-month operation of the long-term inpatients management task force were analyzed. Results: Frequency distribution of length of stay showed that 46.2% of the inpatients stayed for 30 to 59 days, 34.1% 60 to 89 days, and 19.7% 90 days or more. As for the reasons for long stay, the most frequent response was 'not sufficiently cured'(82.6%), followed by 'worried about worsening after discharge'(56.9%), 'still receiving physical therapy'(47.7%), 'no care-giver at home'(46.3%), 'inconvenient to visit hospital as outpatient after discharge'(41.6%), 'not completely paid hospital fee'(41.0%), 'compensation still pending'(31.8%), and 'no proper facilities at home'(18.2%). Response scores of several reasons('inconvenient to visit hospital as outpatient after discharge'; 'still receiving physical therapy'; 'no proper facilities at home'; 'not completely paid hospital fee'; 'compensation still pending') were statistically different among the respondents that were different in income, type of insurance payment, amount of copayment, and necessity of care in daily life. Performance evaluation of the long-term inpatients management task force revealed that admission rate of long-term inpatients and average length of stay decreased from 20.0% and 14.4 days to 16.3% and 11.8 days, respectively, after the operation of the task force.
Effects of Na on Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> thin film solar cell
심준형,양기정,손대호,김대환,강진규 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
We verified that the solar cell characteristics improve in direct proportion to the Na concentration in a Mo layer before CZTS deposition. The grain boundaries (GBs) in an absorber layer with a higher Na concentration are passivated more efficiently. A decrease in recombinationinduced losses is observed in the samples that exhibit a more efficient passivation of GBs that act as a current flow channel. Such a correlation indicates that a CZTS absorber formed on a Mo layer with a high initial Na concentration contains fewer bulk defects, which correspond to a decrease in VOC losses and improvement of solar cell characteristics. When a buffer layer was deposited on the absorber layer, Na near the absorber layer surface is diffused into a buffer layer. Na in a buffer layer acts as an ionized impurity and scatters the minority carrier; thus, the minority carrier path is deflected and the minority carrier mobility decreases. As the minority carrier mobility decreases, device series resistance (Rs) increases.
2P-463 Characterization of Flexible CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells Grown by Sputtering Process
심준형,손대호,김영일,김승현,김대환,강진규,양기정 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
Thin-film solar cells on flexible substrates have an advantage to achieve the grid parity by reduction of manufacturing costs due to their high power conversion efficiency, low material usage and low deposition cost on large areas. In addition, flexible substrates could further reduce the manufacturing costs due to their compatibility with roll-to-roll industrial processes. In this study, we fabricated flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 6.48 % efficiency on Mo foil substrate. Mo foil substrate was soaked in a NaOH solution with 0.5 wt % at 40 °C for 20 min. CZTSSe precursor was deposited on the Mo foil substrate using sputtering process with a stacking order of Cu/Sn/Zn/Mo. The characteristics of flexible CZTSe solar cell showed the Voc of 0.404 V, Jsc of 34.80 mA/㎠, fill factor of 38.58 %, efficiency of 6.48 %. <sup>**</sup>This work was supported by the DGIST R&D Programs of the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea (17-BD-05).