퍼징 시드 파일에 관한 연구 동향 분석

신찬호(Chan Ho Shin) 한국정보과학회 2019 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.12

중국의 식물신품종 보호제도에 관한 연구

신찬호(Shin Chan Ho) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2013 法學論文集 Vol.37 No.3

As genetic resources and knowledge related with genetic resources become objects important to humankind, research and development on genetic resources have become important means to economic development and competitiveness of nations. Among genetic resources, lately, studies on new plant varieties have more importance from a viewpoint of food resources. Breeding new plant varieties needs professional knowledge and techniques and a lot of time and expenses. In order to breed and promote new plant varieties, a system to protect rights of seeds of new plant varieties is necessary. The system to protect new plant varieties is to protect them by acceptance through the patent law. Another thing is to protect them by preparing for an additional bill like a protection law of new varieties of plants. Because meeting patent requirements is hard about protecting plant varieties with that kind of the patent law, difficulties occurred in protection of plant varieties. As an alternative for this, the thing which is planned with other requirements in properties of plants different from just patents in order to protect plant varieties is an agreement of UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). China joined the agreement of UPOV 1978 on April 23, 1999 and announced acts of new varieties of plants on April 30, 1997. Later, related laws were enacted like detailed rules of implementation of protection ordinances of new plant varieties in agriculture and forestry parts, seeds law on Nov. 1, 2000, interpretation about some problems in dispute hearing of new plant varieties of supreme people's court on Feb. 5, 2001, some regulations about detailed law application problems in dispute item hearing of new plant varieties' rights of supreme people's court on Jan. 12, 2007, and so on. This paper tries to examine main contents of protection ordinances of new plant varieties in China, concrete law application problems of supreme people's court in case of occurrence of disputes on rights of new plant varieties, problems and improvement plans of protection ordinances of new plant varieties.

중국의 영업비밀 보호제도에 관한 연구

신찬호(Shin Chan Ho) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2013 法學論文集 Vol.37 No.2

After adopting Open & Reform policy in 1978, China has promoted the introduction of new technologies and policies for development of technologies and has legislated various acts for the purpose of socialist economic development. Amid these changes for the past years, due to international trends of protection of intellectual property rights and requests for protection of trade secrets from countries that have been investing capital and technologies in China, awareness for the necessity of protecting technological or managerial trade secrets has elevated in China. Due to the domestic and overseas request for protection of trade secrets, Anti-Unfair Competition Act was legislated and enacted on December 1, 1993. Based on the provisions related to unfair competition of Convention of Paris for the Protection of Industrial Property, this law was enacted in order to foster healthy development of socialist market economy and to protect rights and interests of businesses as well as of consumers; and this law defines concept of trade secrets, the subjects to be protected and conditions, acts of violating the law, etc. and recognizes civil remedies and administrative remedies, the key content of which is compensation for damages due to violation of trade secrets. Although this law is not specialized for the protection of intellectual property rights, the protection of intellectual property rights is a core part of the law. However, many problems have variously occurred in interpreting and applying Anti-Unfair Competition Act because of political and economic circumstances of China and problems in execution of the law. Accordingly, in order to establish consistent application standard of laws by specifically clarifying application standard of laws in detail, to protect related intellectual property rights, and maintaining fair market competition order, the Supreme People's Court promulgated "Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Civil Cases Involving Unfair Competition" on February 1, 2007 and has enforced it since then This paper aims to delve into the operation of trade secret protection system and interpretation of unfair competition by focusing on the codes of Anti-Unfair Competition Act of China.

중국의 인문유적보호에 관한 법제 연구

신찬호(Shin Chan Ho) 경희법학연구소 2018 경희법학 Vol.53 No.1

중국은 현대화가 가속화됨에 따라 문화유산 및 그 환경도 상당한 위협을 받고 있다. 적지 않은 역사문화도시, 고대 건축, 고대 유적 및 명승지 등이 과도한 개발과 불합리한 이용으로 중요 문화유산이 훼손되고 있다. 문물이 상대적으로 풍부한 소수민족 집단거주 구역도 환경의 변화로 민족 또는 구역문화의 특징이 소실되고 있다. 문화유산을 보호하고 국제적 교류를 추진하기 위하여 국가문물국(国家文物局), 건설부, 세계은행은 2000년 공동으로 북경에서 “기회와 도전 -문화유산보호국제포럼- (机遇与挑战 -文化遗产保护国际研讨会-)”을 개최하고 회의에서 통과된 “북경공동인식(北京共识)”을 통하여 문화유산보호에 대한 의지를 표현하였다. 2005년 12월 22일 국무원은 “문화유산보호를 위한 강화 통지(关于加强文化遗产保护的通知)”를 공포하였다. 이 통지에서 문화유산은 재생할 수 없는 자원으로 인문유적의 보호를 강화하였다. 중국의 문물보호 입법은 1930년 “고물보존법(古物保存法)”과 1931년 “고물보존법시행세칙(古物保存法施行细则)”으로부터 볼 수 있다. 1949년 신(新) 중국이 성립되면서 국무원(国务院)은 유적지 및 명승지의 보호에 관한 정령(政令)을 공포하였고, 1982년 “문물보호법(文物保护法)”이 공포되었다. 중국은 인문유적(人文遗迹)보호에 관한 체계를 형성하기 시작하였지만 인문유적에 대한 독자적인 입법이 없이 문물의 일종으로 입법에 반영되어 있다. “환경보호법(环境保护法)”이 공포된 이후 입법은 점차 인문유적을 문물과 별개로 하여 2008년 7월 1일 국무원이 “역사문화 유명도시·유명진·유명촌보호조례(历史文化名城名镇名村保护条例)”를 공포하였다. 중국 인문유적의 입법체계는 문물보호법을 바탕으로 관련 환경법으로 보충하여 보호대상의 확대와 제도의 보완을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중국 인문유적에 대한 특징 및 입법연혁, 문제점 및 개선방안에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. In China, as modernization has quickened, cultural heritage and the environment have been considerably threatened. In many historical and cultural cities, ancient buildings and remains, and scenic spots, important cultural heritages have been damaged by excessive development and unreasonable use. In the enclaves with relatively rich cultural assets, the characteristics of ethnic group and area culture have disappeared by a change of environment. To protect cultural heritage and promote international exchange, the State Bureau of Cultural Relics, Ministry of Construction, and the World Bank held Chance and Challenge - International Forum on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage , and expressed the will on the preservation of cultural heritage through Beijing Association Consciousness that passed in the meeting. On December, 22, 2005, State Council promulgated Reinforcement Notice for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage . In this notice, cultural heritage is non-reproductive resource, so this asks the preservation of human remains more. A cultural properties protection legislation in China started from the Cultural Properties Preservation Law in 1930 and Detailed Enforcement Regulations of the Cultural Properties Preservation Law in 1931. As New China was established in 1949, State Council promulgated a government ordinance of the protection of historic sites and scenic spots, and the Cultural Properties Protection Law was promulgated in 1982. China began to form a system of human remains protection, but without an independent legislation of human remains, it is reflected in the legislation as a kind of cultural properties. After promulgating the Environmental Protection Law , a legislation gradually divided into human remains and cultural properties, so State Council proclaimed Regulation on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns, and Villages on July, 1, 2008. The legislative system of human remains in China replenishes the Cultural Properties Protection Law with the related “the Environmental Protection Law”, so expands objects to protect and redeems the scheme. The study attempts to examines legislation history, characteristics, problems, and reform measures of human remains in China.

생명보험에서의 피보험이익에 관한 소고 - 중국과 비교를 중심으로 -

신찬호(Shin, Chan-Ho) (사)한국보험법학회 2019 보험법연구 Vol.13 No.2

보험과 도박 모두 사행성 행위에 속하지만 양자는 확연히 다른 사회적 효과를 가지고 있다. 보험은 사고에 대한 미연의 방지와 위험을 분산시키고 사회적 안정을 가져올수 있다. 보험을 도박과 구분할 수 있는 것은 피보험이익의 효력이다. 피보험이익은 영국의 해상보험법에서 그 기원을 찾을 수 있으며 보험업이 발전하면서 각국은 피보험이익에 대한 논의가 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 피보험이익은 보험법에서의 핵심 개념이자 원칙으로서 도박을 방지하고 도덕적 위험 발생을 예방하며 손해보상금액의 정도를 제한하는 기능이 있다. 우리 상법은 손해보험상의 피보험이익만을 인정하고 있고, 학계 다수의 견해도 생명보험에서의 피보험이익을 인정하지 않고 있다. 그러나 점차 늘어가고 있는 도덕적 위험의 증가는 생명보험에서도 피보험이익의 유무를 확인하여 그 위험을 방지하는 것이 필요하다는 의견이 대두되고 있다. 중국의 경우 2009년 보험법을 개정하면서 피보험이익의 개념 및 피보험이익의 적용범위를 명확히 하여 생명보험까지 적용대상을 규정하였다. 이하에서는 한국과 중국의 피보험이익에 관한 개념과 주요기능을 먼저 살펴보고 생명보험에서의 피보험이익의 인정 및 그 인정범위에 관한 학설 등에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다 Both of insurance and gambling belong to the gambling behavior, but both side have distinctively different social effects. Insurance can prevent accidents beforehand, disperse risks, and bring social stability. What distinguishes insurance from gambling is the effect of Insurable Interest. Insurable Interest can be traced its origin of English Marine Insurance Law, and as the insurance business has evolved, countries have been actively discussing the Insurable Interest. Insurable Interest, as a core concept and principle, has the functions of preventing gambling and moral hazard and limiting the amount of damage compensation. In our commercial law, it is recognized only Insurable Interest, but, eve in the majority view of the academia, Insurable Interest isn’t recognized in Life Insurance. However, the increasing moral hazard is coming to the opinion that it is necessary to check Insurable Interest existence in Life Insurance and to prevent the risk. On the amendment of 2009 Insurance Act in China, it was clarified the concept and insurance coverage of Insurable Interest and defined the coverage to Life Insurance. In the followings, it will be examined first the concept and main functions of Insurable Interest of Korea and China, and the Insurable Interest recognition and the view of theories on its recognition range.

소성 압축성을 고려한 평판의 소성 좌굴해석

신찬호(Chan-Ho Shin),김영복(Young-Bok Kim) 대한조선학회 1995 大韓造船學會 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

대청저작권율(大淸著作權律)에 관한 소고

신찬호 ( Chan Ho Shin ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2013 홍익법학 Vol.14 No.2

鴉片戰爭之後, 中國因西洋先進技術的引入和公衆文化的需求, 大增圖書的供求量, 對于出版業帶來了極大的發展. 同時也增多了?印書籍?國內的關于著作權糾紛也頻繁落出. 因著作權保護立法的呼?及外交壓力, 1902年, 從中日續修通商行船條約和中美續修通商行船條約的簽訂而開始著作權立法. 其後, 1906年制定大淸印刷物專律, 1907年制定大淸報律, 規定<<凡報中附刊之作,他日是以成書者,得享有版權之保護>>, 1908年, 淸政府參加德國柏林主辦的伯爾尼公約之後,開始了立法工作, 1910年12月18日, 請政府頒布大淸著作權律. 本律共5章, 55條, 分爲通則, 權利期限, 申報義務, 權利限制, 侵權及處罰, 附則. 大淸著作權律頒布之後, 隨著1911年10月10日辛亥革命的爆發, 大淸帝國所滅, ?未實質施行該律. 但該律是中國曆史上第壹部著作權律, 具有著極大的曆史意義. 本文主要對探討大淸著作權律的制定背景及主要內容來析評大淸所散之後, 給北洋政府于1915年頒布的著作權法和1928年南京國民政府頒布的著作權法帶來的影響.

집중투표제 의무화에 관한 소고

신찬호(Shin, Chan-Ho) 한국법이론실무학회 2019 법률실무연구 Vol.7 No.4

우리나라는 외환위기 이후 소수주주권 보호 및 기업경영에 대한 감시제도와 기업경영자의 책임을 강화하고 기업경영의 투명성을 높이기 위하여 1998년 12월 28일 상법을 개정하여 정관에서 달리 정하는 경우를 제외하고는 회사에 대하여 집중투표의 방법으로 이사를 선임하는 방식을 도입하였다. 집중투표제란 어느 회사가 동일한 주주총회에서 2인 이상의 이사를 하나의 선임결의로써 선임하고자 할 때 주주가 가진 1주에 대하여 선임해야할 이사의 인원수만큼의 복수의 의결권을 부여하여 이사를 선임하는 것을 말한다. 일반적으로 각 주주는 이사후보 각자에 대하여 자기가 보유하는 주식 수만큼 의결권을 행사하게 되므로, 최대주주는 이사 전원을 자신의 의사에 따라 선임할 수 있다. 집중투표제는 소수주주가 자신의 이익을 대표할 수 있는 이사를 선임할 수 있는 제도로서, 1주당 선임할 각 후보에게 이사 수에 해당하는 복수의 의결권을 행사할 수 있다. 집중투표제는 소수주주의 이익을 대변하는 이사의 선임, 지배주주에 의한 사익추구행위의 방지 등 주주 간의 견제와 균형을 통하여 기업경영을 투명하게 하는데 기여할 수 있다. 그러나 현행 상법은 회사가 정관으로 달리정하는 경우 집중투표제를 배제할 수 있도록 규정하고 있는데, 거의 활용되지 않을 뿐만 아니라 허용하는 경우에도 회피수단이 존재하여 제도의 실효성에 문제가 되고 있다. 집중투표제의 의무화에 대하여 찬성과 반대의 의견이 대립하고 있으며, 의무화를 찬성하는 입장은 기업경영의 투명성 제고, 이사회의 기능 회복 등을 제시하고 있고, 반대하는 입장은 소수주주에 의해 선임된 이사가 특정집단의 이익을 대변하는 점과 기업경영정보의 외부 유출 및 경영권 침해로 인한 피해 등을 문제로 제시하고 있다. 이하에서는 집중투표제에 대한 도입 배경 및 현황, 외국의 입법례, 집중투표제의무화에 대한 찬반논쟁 등에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. In case of Korea, Commercial Law was revised on December 28, 1998 to strengthen the protection of minority shareholders and responsibilities of corporate management, and raise the transparency of corporate management after the financial crisis, and under the revised Commercial Law, the opt-out, which is a means of cumulative voting for the appointment of a director, was introduced except as otherwise stipulated in the articles of corporation. Cumulative Voting is a voting system that allows a shareholder to cast votes that are equal to the no. of shares it holds multiplied by the no. of directors to be elected when a company intends to elect 2 or more directors in a single general shareholders’ meeting. In general, a shareholder is allowed to cast one vote per share that it has, so the largest shareholder may appoint all directors at its will. Cumulative voting is a voting system that allows a minority shareholder to have votes that are equal to the no. of shares it has multiplied by the no. of positions that he/she is voting for, in turn being able to appoint a director representing its interest. Cumulative voting can contribute to the transparency in corporate management through balancing among shareholders, by the means of appointment of directors representing the interests of minority shareholders and the prevention of pursuing private interests by the controlling shareholders. However, since the current Commercial Law stipulates that a company is allowed to exclude the cumulative voting system if stipulated in the articles of corporation, it has not been employed widely and even in the case it is allowed, there is a means of avoidance, raising the question regarding the effectiveness of the system. There are severe conflicting claims regarding the compulsory enforcement of cumulative voting and those who favor the compulsory enforcement suggests that it could raise the transparency in corporate management and restore the functions of the board of directors, and those raising objections claim that the directors appointed by minority shareholders would represent the interests of a specific group, and the damages would be caused by the leakage of corporate management information and violation of management rights. In the following, the background and current status of the cumulative voting and its legislation in overseas, and arguments regarding the compulsory enforcement of cumulative voting are discussed.

인터넷전문은행의 인가 관련 법적 쟁점

신찬호 ( Shin Chan-ho ) 한국상사판례학회 2019 상사판례연구 Vol.32 No.3

2015년 1월 27일 금융위원회는 “IT·금융 융합 지원방안”을 발표하면서 핀테크(Fin Tech)산업 정책에 대한 논의가 이루어 졌고, 2015년 6월 18일 핀테크 활성화 정책의 일환으로 인터넷전문은행에 대한 도입 방안을 발표하였다. 이후 2017년 4월 3일 ‘케이뱅크(K Bank)’와 7월 27일 ’한국카카오 뱅크(Kakao Bank)’가 출범하였다. 영업을 개시한 이후 폭발적인 고객의 증가로 기존의 염려를 불식시키는 듯 보였으나, 영업을 개시하기 위한 인프라 구축을 위한 초기 투자비용이 증가함에 따라 자본금부족이 발생하였다. 이러한 인터넷전문은행의 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 국회는 대기업의 투자를 촉진하고 은행의 자본충실을 강화함으로써 금융소비자의 편익을 증진시키는 취지에서 2018년 10월 16일 ‘인터넷전문은행 설립 및 운영에 관한 특례법’(이하 ‘인터넷전문은행법’)을 제정하였다. 인터넷전문은행의 등장으로 인하여 우리나라 은행산업의 외형적 성장과 경쟁촉진, 은행권 전반의 인터넷서비스의 확대, 금리경쟁 등이 발생하였다. 그러나 이러한 효과들은 은행산업 전체적으로는 긍정적이기는 하나, 아직 인터넷전문은행의 기반이 제대로 마련되지 못한 상태에서 금산분리, 대주주 적격성, 업무범위 등의 문제는 지속적인 논쟁이 되고 있다. 더욱이 시중은행들은 인터넷전문은행이 출범 이후 영업시간의 연장, 모바일 서비스 등을 강화하고 있어 인터넷전문은행으로서의 경쟁력 상실까지 우려하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷전문은행의 개념 및 주요 내용, 인터넷전문은행법의 현황 및 쟁점, 개선방안에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. On January 27, 2015, Financial Services Commission announced “Fin-Tech Support Plan’, discussing a policy on the Fin-Tech industry. On June 18, 2015, the organization announced the plan for introducing internet-only bank as a part of the policy to promote Fin-Tech. On April 3, 2017, ‘K Bank’ and ‘Kakao Bank’ launched. Since then, the number of customers had explosively been increased, and therefore any worries about such banks seemed to be dispelled. However, with the increase in intial investments to establish the infrastructure for opening the business, the banks faced a shortage of capital. In order to solve this problem, the national assembly established on Oct. 16, 2018, ‘the Act on the Establishment and Operation of Internet-only Banks (hereinafter called ’Internet-only Bank Act’) which is aimed at promoting large companies’ investments, enhancing the capital adequacy of the banks, and improving the benefits of financial consumers. With the emergence of internet-only banks, the Korean bank industry has grown externally, and banks have expanded their internet service and have waged interest war. Although these effects are positive to the bank industry overall, continuous disputes over such issues as separation between finance and industry, eligibility of major shareholders, and work scope, have been made with no well-prepared ground of internet-only bank. Moreover, given that commercial banks extend their business hours and enhance their mobile service after the launch of internet-only banks, there is a concern that internet-only banks may lose their competitiveness. This study tries to analyze the concept and main content of internet-only bank, the current state, main points, and improvement plan of Internet-only Bank Act.

저비용항공사 서비스품질이 사후행동에 미치는 영향

신찬호 ( Chan Ho Shin ),김윤태 ( Yoon Tae Kim ) 관광경영학회 2009 관광경영연구 Vol.40 No.-

The severe crisis of the global aviation industry has primarily struck the Full Service Carriers(FSCs) with their complex hub and spoke operation platforms and several Low Cost Carriers(LCCs) has started their operation for domestic routes and some of them has suspended their operations due to financial problems in Korea. This research has tried to examine the key service quality factors that influence on consumers` post-purchase behaviors using low cost carriers for domestic travel. Results found that there were some significant effects for word-of-mouth, re-purchase intention and recommendation by price, safety and physical service quality factors. But reservation·ticketing and flight operational service quality factors did not have any effects on consumers` post-purchase behaviors. Findings showed that new marketing strategy and planning were necessary to remove consumers` perception of safety on LCCs and to focus fares and service quality levels to survive in domestic market. If they succeed in providing almost the same service quality level for safety factor at reduced cost, they would not only stabilize their position, but also lead the industry as a whole to the next level of efficiency.