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고차(高次) 판(板) 사각형(四角形) 유한요소(有限要素)
신영식,신현묵,김명철,Shin, Young Shik,Shin, Hyun Mook,Kim, Myung Chul 대한토목학회 1988 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.8 No.2
A formulation of an isoparametric quadrilateral higher-order plate bending finite element is presented. The 8-noded 28-d.o.f. plate element has been degenerated from the three-dimensional continuum by introducing the plate assumptions and considering higher-order in-plane displacement profile. The element characteristics have been derived by the Galerkin's weighted residual method and computed by using the selective reduced integration technique to avoid shear-locking phenomenon. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the proposed quadrilateral higher-order plate bending element over the other existing plate finite elements in both static and dynamic analyses. 본 연구에서는 8절점 28자유도를 갖는 사각형 고차 판 유한 요소를 면내고차 변위를 고려하여 3차원 연속체로부터 유도하였다. 요소매트릭스들은 판의 운동방정식으로부터 Galerkin 가중잔차법으로 유도하고 감차적분을 수행하여 구하였다. 고차 판 유한요소를 이용하여 판의 처짐해석과 자유진동해석을 수행한 결과 판의 두께와 경게조건에 관계없이 매우 정확한 결과를 나타내었다.
신영식,김문일 ( Y . S . Shin,M . I . Kim ) 한국열처리공학회 1990 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.3 No.1
In this study, TiN film was deposited onto steel by R.F.-PACVD in order to investigate the influence of parameters on the adhesion strength between film and substrate. Experimental results showed that adhesion strength by SAT is different from by optical microscopy. Adhesion strength is increased when the deposition temperature increases and is influenced by R.F. power and electrode distance. Especially heat treatment on the substrate has influenced over the adhesion strength, so it showed the 22 Newtons in adhesion strength by SAT and adhesion strength is decreased when deposition thickeness is thick and hardness is high. Also if the film is thick and high hardness simultaneous, the film was delaminated seriously.
고차(高次) 변위(變位)를 고려(考慮)한 요소(要素)의 해석(解析)
신영식,Shin, Young Shik 대한토목학회 1982 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.2 No.3
본 연구에서는 3절점, 6자유도를 갖는, 종래의 Timoshenko 보 이론에 근거한 깊은 보(Thick beam) 요소(DB6)와 3절점, 7자유도를 갖는 3차 축방향변위를 가정한 고차 보 요소(DB7)의 3차원 연속체로부터의 Degeneration을 보여 주고 있다. DB6 보 요소는 전단변형률의 비살제적인 선형분포를 보완하기 위하여 전단계수(shear coefficient)를 도입하고 있는 반면 고차 DB7 보 요소는 보다 실제적인 전단변형률의 2차분포를 가정하고 있다. 이 들 두 보 요소를 이용하여 계산된 해(解)는 Timoshenko 방정식의 해(解), 얕은 보(Thin beam)의 해(解) 및 다른 여러 보 요소들의 해(解)와 비교된다. 본 연구의 결과는 고차 DB7 보 요소가 보의 정력화적 해석이나 자유진동 해석에 있어서 다른 보 요소들에 비해 월등히 정확함을 보여주고 있다. The degeneration of two classes of thick beam elements has been conducted, one (DB6) based on the conventional Timoshenko beam assumptions whereas the other (DB7) based on the assumed cubic axial displacement profile. While an adjustable shear correction factor is required for the DB 6 element to compensate for the unrealistic distribution of shear strain across the thickness, the DB 7 element assumes the more realistic quadratic profile of shear strain at the outset. With the plane-stress continuum solution as reference, solutions obtained by these two element models are compared with the analytical Timoshenko solution, the analytical thin beam solution and several available solutions of other existing beam elements. The result indicates that the performance of the higher order beam element DB 7 is consistently superior to any others. This is true for the whole range of aspect ratios of beam, in both static and free vibration analyses.
疲榮判定의 한 方法으로서의 Kraepelin 精神作業檢査
申英湜,朴貞子,賓順德 現代醫學社 1968 現代醫學 Vol.9 No.1
As a method detecting fatigue Kraepelin mental work test was applied to 114 medical students before and after the first semester examination. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Both initial spurt and rest effect in the work efficiency curve taken after the examination was less pronounced than that prior to the exmination. 2) The pattern of the work efficiency curve drawn after the examination was least similar to normal curve appeared in Kraepelin mental work test. A general pattern characterized by fatigue was noticed in the curve and it was predominantly appeared in the curve of group of students "'with marked subjective fatigue symptoms. 3) Through the observation it could be pointed out that Kraepelin mental work test is only useful for detecting the presence of fatigue. The intensity of fatigue, however, could not be measured by the test.
申英植 淑明女子大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
It is a well-1 fact that recreation is understood as amusement and rest time. This which frees people from the exhaustion of their work leads to a mentally and physically comfortable condition, So it is better for people to moore their bodies in order to get over their exhaustion from mental activity. Walking, (physical) exercise, running and the other sports are effective in getting over mental strain or oppression. Regarding the aspect of surroundings, it is good to shift the normal work place to another location. In other words, to change the normal thing into a new and unusual thing is recreation. On the other hand, it is ideal for people who are not mental activists but who are ordinarily physical labourers to rest their bodies fully and to move their brains to keep mental and physical balance through better rest, sleep and nutrition and to get completely over the accumulated exhaustion overnight. So it is effective to change their environment, usual habits, normal thinking and the surroundings of the work place. Let me describe the effects of (physical) exercise. A man who regularly worts in a fixed position keeps his muscles justly one-sided. If the positions is continuous, that is likely to be stressful. In this case, leaning backwards, stretching the stomach muscles, bending and stretching the arms and relieving the tension of the neck and shoulders caused by the physiological requirements are necessary for a well-balanced physical condition. We usually move at the minimum like this. If you bend and stretch at the waist for many hours, you should straighten up the spine and massage the back and waists. After lifting up some heavy things or holding them with four hands for hours, you should bend and stretch your arms to relieve the strain of your muscles. This is good for the circulation of the blood. Recently a new type of exercise called calisthenic exercises has become popular. This is very effective in making housewives' usually unused muscles move. So it's also a kind of health exercise. If we practice these exercises, the great effect is to get rid of some kinds of strains. This exercise not only removes strain just due to the muscles' being one-sided but also has the same effect as the nervous system. In other words, if you continue to keep your posture and motion one-sided, it gives the nervous system strain and oppression, influences the hormone system and causes the loss of external and internal physical balance. If the muscles suddenly receive unusual stimulus, they lose their balance. We give the nerves proper stimul us and keep the secretion of the hromones balanced through light exercise, physical motion and sports, so we can achieve physical and mental harmony. This physical and mental harmony can prevent stress as well as relieve it.