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신양재(Yang Jai Shin),김영주(Young Ju Kim),이순형(Soon Hyung Yi) 한국아동학회 1991 아동학회지 Vol.12 No.1
The purpose of this study was to analyze the environment of poverty children as reported by the children on a questionnaire. The conception of the environment was divided into the physical environment and the sociopsychological environment. The dimensions of the physical environment included household, cultural. and play conditions. The sociopsychological environment included structural (family values, family relationships, and the reinforcement system) and process variables(affect, care, and communication). For the purpose of this survey was administered to 122 children living in a poverty area and 102 children living in a middle-high income area. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, distribution, percentile, mean and one-way ANOVA. Major findings showed that (1) The physical environment as reported by the poverty children was meager compared with that of children in the middle-high income area: the households were more overcrowded, and cultural conditions. play materials, and space was more limited. (2) The Structural conditions of the sociopsychological environment as perceived by poverty children were more material and physical than that of children in the middle-high income area: family values were oriented more toward materialism: family relationships were more negative and distant: and the reinforcement system was based more on material reward and physical punishment. (3) Process variables were perceived by poverty children as more laissez-faire and rigid; the parents neglected their children and communicated unilaterally more than the middle-high income parents. (4) Poverty children`s perception of the causes of poverty and wealth were perceived as personal and social factors.
신양재(Yang Jai Shin) 한국아동학회 1995 아동학회지 Vol.16 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate parental beliefs about child development in the context of Korean culture by analyzing and interpreting normative expectations of the age in disciplining children as presented in books for domestic life education of the Chosoˇn Dynasty period. The method used for this study was the historical method. The literature used for analysis was the Naihun, Gyubeomseonyoung, Sasojol, Jongbo-Salimgyoungjai, and Hahagjinam. According to the analysis, the discipline of children began from the age of three. The selection of the age of three was based on the observation that 3-year-olds begin to have an understanding of events in their world. From 3 to 10, socialization of the Chosoˇn Dynasty period gave prominance to social competency in interrelationships, especially honor of elders, modesty and sex role typing.