혐기성 SBR 공정의 반응 특성 평가

송지현,정태학,장덕 ( Ji Hyeon Song,Tai Hak Chung,Duk Chang ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Reaction characteristics of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR) process were studied using bench scale reactors maintained at 35℃. The experiments were performed with an equivalent hydraulic retention time of 10 days and the synthetic feed was mainly composed of glucose. The ASBRs were operated with a cycle period of 24 and 0.5, respectively. Volatile suspened solids in all reactors kept increased as the operation continued. However, methane fermentation efficiency was strongly affected by the MF/M ratio. Active methane production was observed for the ASBRs of long MF time, while methane fermentation was significantly inhibited by the excessive production of the volatile acids for the ASBR of short MF time. The ASBR of high specific organic loading rate(SOLR) was not able to absorb the shock and reached an operational failure. However, when COD of the feed was reduced to 10,000㎎/ℓ, little accumulation of volatile acids were observed and active methane fermentation continued in spite of relatively high SLR. It is believed that both SOLR and the organic level of the feed are major design parameters determining safe and stable operation of the ASBR. The solid-liquid separation efficiency was markedly reduced with an increasing gas production rate due to floating of volatile suspended solids.

중년 남성의 생활스트레스가 우울에 미치는 영향 -자아존중감, 사회적 지지의 매개효과-

송지현,성미현,Song, Ji Hyeun,Seong, Mi Hyeon 한국디지털정책학회 2021 한국디지털정책학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 중년 남성의 생활스트레스와 우울과의 관계에서 자아존중감과 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 25.0 program을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, SPSS Process Macro(Model 4), 부트스트래핑 접근법을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 생활스트레스와 우울 간의 관계에서 매개변수인 자아존중감의 효과를 고려할 경우 생활스트레스가 우울에 미치는 직접효과는 .49이었다. 매개변수인 사회적 지지의 효과를 고려할 경우 생활스트레스가 우울에 미치는 직접효과는 .50이었다. 즉, 매개변수를 고려하지 않았을 때 생활스트레스가 우울에 미쳤던 전체효과 .62에 비해 감소되었다. 이를 통해 자아존중감과 사회적 지지는 생활스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 중년 남성의 우울 감소 및 정신건강 증진을 위한 간호중재 프로그램 개발 시 자아존중감과 사회적 지지를 고려할 필요가 있다. This study was conducted to confirm the mediating effect of self-esteem and social support in the relationship between life stress and depression in middle-aged men. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, SPSS Process Macro (Model 4), and bootstrapping approach. As a result of this study, when considering the effect of self-esteem, a parameter in the relationship between life stress and depression, the direct effect of life stress on depression was .49. Considering the effect of social support as a parameter, the direct effect of life stress on depression was .50. That is, when the parameters were not considered, life stress decreased compared to the overall effect of .62 on depression. Through this, it was confirmed that self-esteem and social support had a mediating effect in the relationship between life stress and depression.

삼복첩의 치료 효과와 만족도에 대한 연구

송지현,이진화,김윤희,Song, Ji Hyun,Lee, Jin Hwa,Kim, Yun Hee 대한한방소아과학회 2018 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand effect on respiratory disease and satisfaction of parents about acupoint sticking in hottest period of summer. Methods A survey was conducted to the parents of their children who took acupoint sticking in Dog-days for two years in a row. 17 children (10 boys, 7 girls, 4.0-12.11 years) were attached Socheongo to BL-13, BL-15, BL-17 for 3 hours. In terms of the effectiveness of the therapy, the treatment only considered as effective when there is any improvement in respiratory symptoms. Results 11 children (64.7%) from the study group have shown positive effect. There were significant improvements in frequency of having a cold or duration of a cold; duration of rhinitis; frequency of having empyema or its duration; frequency of having bronchitis; frequency of having pneumonia; frequency of having otitis media. Respiratory health VAS (Visual Analog Scale) had significant increase from 5 to 6.71 (p<0.05). 7 parents (41.2%) were satisfied with acupoint in hottest period of summer and 16 parents (94.1%) wanted to have their children get treated again in next year. From the survey, inconveniences of acupuncture were weak attachment of the acupoint (23.5%), long attaching time (11.8%), pressure about number of treatments (5.9%), worry about side effects (5.9%). Side effects have been reported; 2 pruritus (11.8%), 1 pruritus and erythema (5.9%). Conclusions Acupoint sticking in hottest period of summer improves lung symptoms in children older than three years old. However, the ways to reduce the side effects and inconveniences are needed.

절수시 Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) 콩팥의 Aquaporin 2, Aquaporin 4 발현변화

송지현,권진석,김용환,박용덕,한기환,류시윤,정주영,Song, Ji-Hyun,Kwon, Jin-Seuk,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Park, Yong-Deok,Han, Ki-Hwan,Ryu, Si-Yun,Jung, Ju-Young 대한수의학회 2007 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.47 No.4

Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been as an model animal for studing the neurological disease such as stroke and epilepsy because of the congenital incompleteries in Willis circle, as well as the investigation of water metabolism because of the long time-survival in the condition of water-deprived desert condition, compared with other species animal. Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expressed at the surface of principal cells in collecting duct results from an equilibrium between the AQP2 in intracellular vesicles and the AQP2 on the plasma membrane. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), which is expressed in cell in a wide range of organ, is also present in the collecting duct principal cells where this is abundant in the basolateral plasma membranes and represent potential exit pathways from the cell for water entering via AQP2. In this research, we divide 3 groups of which each group include the 5 animals. In the study of 7 or 14 days water restricted condition, we investigated the AQP2 and AQP4 by using a quantitative immunohistochemistry in the kidney. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings. AQP2 is abundant in the apical plasma membrane and apical vesicles in the collecting duct principal cell and at rare abundance in connecting tubules. In the water-deprived Mongolian gerbil kidney, expression of AQP2 was continuosly increased in the cortical collecting duct and inner medullary collecting duct. This increase was both the apical region and cytoplasm. AQP4 is mainly expressed in the inner medulla, although some expression is also noted in the more proximal segment. In the water-deprived Mongolian gerbil kidney, AQP4 was also increased in the inner medullary collecting duct. Immunoactivity was increased in entire inner medullary collecting duct and newly detected in cytoplasm of principal cell. These findings suggest that increased levels of AQP2 and AQP4 in the cortical and inner medulalry collecting duct may play a important role for maintain fluid balance in the water-deprived kidney.

발암원을 투여한 쥐에서 들기름이 대장 종양발생과 조직의 지방산 조성 및 Eicosanoids 생성에 미치는 영향

송지현,박현서 ( Ji Hyun Song,Hyun Suh Park ) 생화학분자생물학회 1994 BMB Reports Vol.27 No.6

The study was to observe the effect of perilla oil rich in a-linolenic acid(18:3ω3) on the incidence of colorectal tumor and its relation to the levels of plasma TXB₂ and colonic mucosal PGE₂ and fatty acid profiles of colonic mucosal lipid and hepatic microsomal phospholipid in colon carcinogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into 2 groups and intrarectally infused with saline or chemical carcinogen (methylnitrosourea, MNU) and fed 16% (w/w) fat diet containing one of dietary fats (beef tallow, com oil, perilla oil) for 30 weeks. Large number of tumors were found in the distal colon of MNU-treated rats by all fats and tumor incidence was lower in the rats fed perilla oil (57.7%) compared to those of com oil (82.1%) or beef tallow (87.5%) diet. The overall fatty acid profiles of colonic mucosal lipid and hepatic microsomal phospholipid reflected dietary fatty acids. The levels of C20:4 were similarly higher in tissues of beef tallow or com oil fed rats even though dietary levels of C18:2 were significantly different in two groups, which suggests that there might be some regulatory mechanism present to control the level of C20:4 in tissue. The decreased level of C20:4w6 and increased level of w3 fatty acids in perilla oil fed rats were associated well with the decreased levels of plasma TXB₂ and colonic mucosal PGE₂. Perilla oil rich in ω α-linolenic acid decreased the incidence of colon tumor possibly through modification of tissue fatty acid profile and eicosanoid synthesis.

자동차 제작결함조사 통계 분석을 통한 리콜제도 연구

송지현,권해붕,이광범,김희준,Song, Ji-hyun,Kwon, Hae-boung,Lee, Kwang-bum,Kim, Hee-june 한국자동차안전학회 2015 자동차안전학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The basic point of a vehicle recall is to remove vehicle defects as soon as possible and thus prevent possible road traffic accidents caused by the defects beforehand. Therefore, the core of vehicle recall under the self-certification system consists of a timely response and fast remedy of defects. The present study aimed to deduce a plan for improvement of the system necessary for the fast remedy of defects through a phased analysis of defect investigation procedure based on defect investigation statistical data. There will be a need to make the TSB(Technical Service Bulletin) or service campaign data submission of a manufacturer compulsory for the collection of broad defect information in the stage of information analysis and to impose a higher penalty when the manufacturer violates the data submission in the investigation stage. In addition, it is considered that an active service campaign should be induced and a punishment for late recall will be needed for consumer protection.

공공기관의 이메일기록 관리 방안 연구

송지현,Song, Ji Hyoun 한국기록학회 2007 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.15

조직의 업무와 관련되어 주고받는 이메일은 기록화하고 보존해야하는 조직의 자산이다. 그러나 현재 대부분의 공공기관에서 이메일기록에 관한 정책이나 지침이 마련되어 있지 않고, 이메일관리의 당위성에 대한 인식조차 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 이메일기록 관리의 당위성을 설명하고 우리나라 공공기관에서 효과적인 이메일기록 관리 방안을 기록관리학적 측면에서 모색하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이메일기록의 특성을 파악하기 위한 문헌연구와 함께 기록관리 선진국의 이메일기록관리 정책 및 지침을 분석하였다. 이러한 지침들은 형태가 구성요소와 다르기 때문에 공통적인 구성요소를 추출하여 주요 범주화하여 나누고, 세부사항을 비교해 볼 수 있도록 해체하여 분석하였다. 분석으로 도출된 이메일 관리 필수 요소를 중심으로 공공기관에서 실무 지침으로 삼을 수 있는 이메일기록 관리 방안을 모색하였다. 그리고 전자정부 시대에 적합한 이메일기록 관리 모형을 제시하고자 하였다. It is not an overstatement that nowadays electronic mails are communicated more frequently as well as conveniently than phones and facsimiles, not only in routine life hot also in business transactions. Also, it is evident that emails will be used more and more as a communication method between internal and external organizations. If the information transferred and received via emails takes a role of business records, it is no wonder that emails should be uniformly managed as public records. Currently, however, specific policies or guidelines for the management of email records are not available, nor do most of public employees realize that emails are the actual records of the organization. In fact, the three research methods have been used for this study in the purpose of the establishment of email records management scheme. First of all, bibliographic research has been conducted in an effort to describes the definition and types of email records indicated in the guidelines of each nation, as well as the differences from the transitory email messages. Secondly, email management guidelines and policies of public institutions of England, The United States, Australia, and Canada, so-called the advanced countries of the records management, have been analyzed to examine the advanced examples of email management. In order to manage email records effectively, the functional requirements - capture, classification, storage, access, tracking, disposition, and role and responsibility were categorized in this thesis, based on the ISO 15489. As the designs of these foreign guidelines vary one another, common factors of them were extracted to be included in the realm of the seven stages. Lastly, this thesis has analyzed characteristics of the email system within the Electronic Document Management System of existing administrative institutions. Also, it has examined the overall environment of the email records management of public institutions and sought out its improvement. In essence, focused on the crucial factors on email management drawn out from the email management guidelines of foreign nations and the analysis of the policies, this thesis proposes an email records management scheme for Korean public intuitions, as well as an email management model suitable for forthcoming e-government era.

택사 (澤瀉, Alismatis Rhizoma) 추출물이 RBL-2H3 비만세포와 OVA/alum 감작 생쥐의 알레르기 염증 반응에 미치는 영향

송지현,이진화,김은진,김윤희,Song, Ji Hyun,Lee, Jin Hwa,Kim, Eun Jin,Kim, Yun Hee 대한한방소아과학회 2018 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives Alismatis Rhizoma has been known to suppress inflammation and allergic reaction. However, the cellular target of Alismatis Rhizoma and its mechanism of action remain unclear. This study was designed to examine the effect of Alismatis Rhizoma extract (ALC) on the RBL-2H3 mast cells in vitro and on the OVA/alum sensitized mice ex vivo. Methods In the study, RBL-2H3 mast cells were cultured in minimal essential medium (MEM) for 24 hours, and treated separately with cyclosporin A and varying doses of ALC, and then stimulated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (50 ng/ml) and Ionomycin ($0.5{\mu}M$). The levels of IL-13, IL-4 were measured by ELISA analysis. The mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, GM-CSF, $TNF-{\alpha}$ were analyzed with Real-time PCR. Also, manifestations of MAPKs transcription factors and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 translocation were analyzed by western blotting in vitro. Subsequently, for ex vivo experiment, we induced allergic inflammation on Balb/c mice by OVA/alum and administered ALC orally. And we measured serum OVA-specific IgE level and IL-4, IL-13 in the splenocyte culture supernatant by ELISA analysis. Results ALC was shown to suppress mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, GM-CSF, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and to inhibit the IL-13, IL-4 production. Also ALC reduced an activation of mast cells specific signal MAPKs transcription factors and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 from the western blot analysis in in vitro experiment. In ex vivo, ALC oral adminstration decreased the level of OVA-specific IgE in serum, and IL-4, IL-13 in the splenocyte culture supernatant. Conclusions ALC is shown to reduce inflammation and allergic response by suppressing Th2 cytokines through the regulation of transcription factors MAPKs and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in mast cells. Administration of ALC suppressed OVA-specific IgE in ovalbumin allergy model through the inhibition of Th2 cytokine. In conclusion, ALC can be considered as an effective treatment for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

3GPP2 SMV의 실시간 음성/음악 분류 성능 향상을 위한 Gaussian Mixture Model의 적용

송지현,이계환,장준혁,Song, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Kye-Hwan,Chang, Joon-Hyuk 한국음향학회 2007 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.26 No.8

본 논문에서는 음성 인식과 음악 인식에서 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 Expectation-Maximization(EM) 알고리즘 기반의 패턴인식기법인 가우시안 혼합모델(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)을 이용하여 기존의 3GPP2 Selectable Mode Vocoder(SMV)의 실시간 음성/음악 분류 성능을 향상 시키는 방법을 제안한다 SMV의 음성/음악 실시간 분류 알고리즘에서 사용된 특징벡터와 분류방법을 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 분류성능향상을 위해 패턴인식 알고리즘인 GMM을 도입한다. 구체적으로, SMV의 음성/음악 분류알고리즘에서 사용되어진 특징벡터만을 선택적으로 사용하여 효과적인 GMM을 구성한 실시간 분류기법이 제시되었다. SMV의 음성/음악 분류에 적용한 GMM의 성능 평가를 위해 SMV 원래의 분류알고리즘과 비교하였으며, 다양한 음악장르에 대해 시스템의 성능을 평가한 결과 GMM을 이용하였을 때 기존의 SMV의 방법보다 우수한 음성/음악 분류 성능을 보였다. In this letter, we propose a novel approach to improve the performance of speech/music classification for the selectable mode vocoder(SMV) of 3GPP2 using the Gaussian mixture model(GMM) which is based on the expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm. We first present an effective analysis of the features and the classification method adopted in the conventional SMV. And then feature vectors which are applied to the GMM are selected from relevant Parameters of the SMV for the efficient speech/music classification. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under various conditions and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme of the SMV.

스마트폰 카메라와 2차원 바코드를 이용한 실내 주차장 내 측위 방법

송지현,이재성,Song, Jihyun,Lee, Jae-sung 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

실내 측위 분야에서는 사용할 수 없는 GPS 의 한계를 극복하기 위해 대두되고 있는 기술들은 대부분 사설 무선 통신망(Private Wireless Network)를 이용한 방법이다. 그러나 이러한 방법들은 설치 및 유지 보수비용이 많이 들고 측위 오차가 수 미터로 실내 주차장 등 정밀한 측위가 필요한 장소에서 사용하기에 부적합하다. 본 논문에서는 QR 코드 인식 기반 차량용 실내 측위 방법을 제안하였다. QR 코드 스캔을 통해 절대 좌표를 얻고 아핀 변환(affine transform)을 통한 기울기(Tilt) 및 회전(Roll) 보정과 스케일 변환 및 삼각함수를 이용한 카메라의 위치 정보(상대좌표)를 획득하여 정밀한 위치 좌표를 계산한다. 결과적으로 13.79cm 의 평균 오차를 달성해 기존 무선 네트워크 기반 기술의 오차 50cm 대비 단지 27.6% 정도 오차율에 해당함을 확인하였다. GPS is not able to be used for indoor positioning and currently most of techniques emerging to overcome the limit of GPS utilize private wireless networks. However, these methods require high costs for installation and maintenance, and they are inappropriate to be used in the place where precise positioning is needed as in indoor parking lots. This paper proposes a vehicular indoor positioning method based on QR-code recognition. The method gets an absolute coordinate through QR-code scanning, and obtain the location (an relative coordinate) of a black-box camera using the tilt and roll angle correction through affine transformation, scale transformation, and trigonometric function. Using these information of an absolute coordinate and an relative one, the precise position of a car is estimated. As a result, average error of 13.79cm is achieved and it corresponds to just 27.6% error rate in contrast to 50cm error of the recent technique based on wireless networks.