마이크로파를 이용한 찻잎 살청이 녹차의 품질특성 및 가공효율에 미치는 영향

송인관(In Kwan Song),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2014 한국차학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The effects of non-oxidation methods by microwave, steaming, and roasting on the quality characteristics of tea and the processing efficiency in green tea production were determined to reduce the production cost and improve the processing methods. Energy consumption based on 100 kg of fresh tea leaves was 36% higher in the roasting method, and 46% lower in microwave method (4 kW) compared to the steaming method. This suggests that microwave method has higher energy efficiency in green tea manufacture than steaming and roasting methods. The moisture content of the tea leaves after the different non-oxidation treatments increased by 6.7% in the steaming method but decreased by 39.5% in the roasting method and 14.8% in the microwave method. The time required for non-oxidation in the roasting, steaming, and microwave methods were 160, 175, and 260 minutes, respectively. The chroma a values of green tea by microwave and steaming were -7.0 and-7.1, respectively, which was significantly lower than the –5.7 observed in roasting method. The vitamin C content of green tea by microwave and steaming were 416 and 400 mg/kg respectively, which is significantly higher than the 376 mg/kg obtained by roasting, but there was no significant difference in the contents of total nitrogen, total amino acids, theanine, caffeine, fiber, tannin, and catechins among microwave, steaming and roasting methods in green tea manufacture. These results indicate that the quality of green tea and processing efficiency in green tea manufacture might be enhanced greatly by the microwave method.

제주지역 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 품종 및 차기에 따른 신초 부위별 품질특성 변화

송인관(In Kwan Song),김성배(Seong Bae Kim),오은의(Eun Ui Oh),윤정희(Jeong Hee Yoon),양순영(Soon young Yang),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2012 한국차학회지 Vol.18 No.1

제주지역 환경조건에서의 품종 및 차기에 따른 신초의부위별 품질 구성 성분의 특성 분석을 통해 품질특성에 미치는 요인을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 조생종 사에미도리, 중생종 야부기다 및 만생종 후슌의 3개 품종에 대해 1번차, 2번차 및 3번차 시기에 심, 상위 1엽부터 5엽과 줄기 등 7부위로 분리하여 각 부위의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 품질 특성은 총유리아미노산(%), 데아닌(%), 총 카테킨(%), 개별 카테킨(%), 카페인(%), 탄닌(%), 비타민 C(㎎/㎏) 및 섬유소(%) 함량에 대해 근적외선분광광도계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 총 유리아미노산과 데아닌 함량의 부위별 특성은 유사하게 나타났는데, 상위엽에서 하위엽으로 갈수록 감소하는 경향이었고, 줄기 부분의 함량은 하위 4엽과 5엽보다 높게 나타났다. 총 카테킨과 탄닌 함량은 비슷한 경향을 나타내어 하위엽으로 갈수록 낮아졌으나, 그 감소 정도는 크지 않았으며 줄기 부분의 총 카테킨 함량은 총 유리아미노산과는 달리 현저히 떨어지는 경향이었다. 개별 카테킨에 있어서도 EC, ECG와 EGCG 모두 총 카테킨과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 카페인 함량은 총 유리아미노산 및 데아닌과 같이 하위엽으로 갈수록 현저하게 낮아지는 경향이었고, 줄기부분에서는 상위 3엽과 비슷한 수준의 함량을 보였다. 비타민C 함량은 잎 위치에 따른 변화가 거의 없었으나, 줄기에서 약간 낮았고, 차기별로는 2-3번차 보다는 1번차에서 높게 나타났다. 조섬유 함량은 품종과 차기간에 관계없이 상위엽에서 하위엽으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이었고, 줄기부분은 하위 5엽과 비슷한 수준이었다. 본 연구결과 차품종과 차기에 따라 부위별 차 품질에 미치는 영향이 매우 크게 작용할 수 있음을 나타내었다. This study examined the factors affecting the tea quality by analyzing the quality characteristics of different shoot parts in different tea cultivars and tea seasons in Jeju, Korea. New growing shoots were plucked from ‘Saemidori’ (early-maturing), ‘Yabukita’ (mid-maturing), and ‘Hushun’ (late-maturing) at each tea season and separated into seven parts bud, 1^st leaf, 2^nd leaf, 3^rd leaf, 4^th leaf, 5^th leaf, and stem to analyze the quality components. The tea quality components including the total free amino acids, theanine, catechins, caffeine, tannin, vitamin C, and fiber were determined by NIR analysis. The changes in the total free amino acids and theanine content in the different shoot parts were similar in the three cultivars and three different tea seasons. These contents decreased gradually in the lower leaves and were slightly higher at the stem than at the 4^th and 5^th leaf. The changes in the total cathechins and tannin contents showed a similar tendency decline gradually in leaves and decrease rapidy in the stem. The EC, ECG and EGCG content in the individual cathechins were similar to the total cathechins. The caffeine content in the different shoot parts showed a similar tendency to those of the total the amino acids and theanine at the three cultivars and three tea seasons. Caffein content decreased gradually at the lower leaves and was higher at the stem than at 3^th and 4^th leaf. The vitamin C content was relatively constant at different leaf positions, but was slightly low in the stem with a higher tendency at the 1^st crop than at the 2^nd and 3^rd crop in all three cultivars. The crude fiber content was similar at the different cultivars and tea seasons, whereas it increased gradually at the lower shoot parts, and was similar at the stem to that of the 5^th leaf. These results suggest that the shoot parts at different tea cultivars and tea seasons can be major factors affecting the tea quality.

차광이 차나무 수관 주변의 미기상과 신초의 품질에 미치는 영향

송인관(In Kwan Song),오은의(Eun Ui Oh),황재종(Jae Jong Hwang),송승운(Seung Woon Song),김봉찬(Bong Chan Kim),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.4

The changes in the micro climatic conditions around the canopy and the quality characteristics by shading in new young shoots of 'Asanoka' and 'Lyohu' tea plants were examined to collect basic data on the development of cultural practices for producing food materials with high quality by the cover of shading nets. Shading treatments were conducted by covering the tea canopy with black polyethylene nets with a shading rate of 95, 75, 55, and 35%, and a covering structure was designed to create an air space 30 cm in height above the canopy using a supporting pole. The light transmissivity through the shading nets in the 4th tea season and air temperature around canopy in the 2nd and 3rd tea seasons was measured to examine the effects of shading on the micro climatic conditions. The contents of total nitrogen, total amino acids, theanine, cathechins, caffeine, vitamin C, tannin, and crude fiber and chroma (Hunter a) were analyzed from new young shoots in different tea seasons to determine the effect of shading on the shoot quality. Light transmissivity through 95% and 75% shading nets was similar, but 55% and 35% shading nets were different from that on the current product indicated by the manufacturer. The changes in air temperature by the cover of shading nets was larger in the canopy surface and air space above canopy than the internal canopy. There was a tendency of the daily maximum air temperature to be high with no shading and low with a cover of 95% shading nets, but there was no difference in the daily minimum temperature. In a comparison of the shoot quality affected by the cover of 95% and 75% shading nets, the content of amino acids, theanine, caffeine, and crude fiber showed tendencies to increase, but the content of cathechins, vitamin C, and tannin showed tendencies to decrease and the chromaa value showed a distinct decline toward a green color withno shading.

제주지역 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 품종 및 차기에 따른 신초 부위별 무기성분 특성변화

송인관(In Kwan Song),오은의(Eun Ui Oh),김샛별(Sat Byul Kim),윤정희(Jeong Hee Yoon),박재권(Jae Kwon Park),강성근(Sung geun Kang),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.3

제주지역 환경조건에서의 품종 및 차기별 신초부위에 따른 무기성분 변화를 분석하였다. 조생종 사에미도리, 중생종 야부기다 및 만생종 후.의 3개 품종에 대해 1번차, 2번차 및 3번차 시기에 심, 상위 1엽, 2엽, 3엽, 4엽, 5엽 및 줄기로 구분하여 조사하였다. 신초의 다량원소 함량은 T-N>K>Mg>Ca>Na 순이었고, 미량원소 함량은 Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu 순이었다. 품종간 차이는 T-N와 Mn에서 1번차기에 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 다른 차기와 성분 함량에 있어서는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 하위엽 일수록 함량이 뚜렷하게 낮아지는 성분은 T-N과 Zn이었으며, Ca는 뚜렷하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 나머지 성분은 엽위에 따른 차이가 거의 없는 편이었다. 차기에 따라서는 Fe, Mn 및 Na가 뚜렷한 함량 변화를 나타내었다. 그러므로 본 연구결과 품종, 차기 및 엽위에 따른 무기성분의 함량이 달라질 수 있어, 찻잎 수확시기 및 품질 결정시 이들 요인들을 고려해야 함을 제시하였다. The study was conducted to evaluate the changes of inorganic components in different shoot parts at different tea cultivars and plucking seasons in Jeju, Korea. The new growing shoots were plucked from ‘Saemidori’, early-maturing, ‘Yabukita’, mid-maturing, and ‘Hushun’, late-maturing at each plucking season and separated into seven parts with a bud, 1st leaf, 2nd leaf, 3rd leaf, 4th leaf, 5th leaf, and stem for analyzing inorganic elements. T-N content was the highest in macro elements, followed with K, Mg, Ca, and Na and Mn content was the highest in micro elements, followed with Fe, Zn, and Cu in order. There were significant and distinct differences in T-N and Mn contents just at the first plucking season in different cultivars, while little in the other elements at the other plucking seasons. T-N and Zn contents definitely decreased, while Ca content increased at lower parts. The others were hardly changed at different shoot parts. The content of Fe, Mn and Na was definitely differed at different plucking seasons. The results indicated that some inorganic element contents were affected by different cultivars, plucking seasons, and shoot parts and some inorganic elements might be major factors determining plucking time and tea quality.

제주지역 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 품종별 차기와 생육단계에 따른 품질특성 변화

송인관(In Kwan Song),오은의(Eun Ui Oh),김봉찬(Bong Chan Kim),김권수(Kean Soo Kim),윤정희(Jeong Hee Yoon),김찬식(Chan-Shick Kim),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate tea quality in some cultivars at different tea seasons and shoot growth stages in Jeju, Korea. Tea quality components from three cultivars of Saemidori (early maturing), Yabukita (middle maturing), and Hushun (late maturing) were determined by NIR analysis at three tea seasons from 1st to 3rd crop with five growth stages from one and a bud to five and a bud. Changes in total free amino acid and threonine contents showed similar tendencies, and these contents were the highest at the 1st crop and decreased gradually with growth stages. Total cathechin content was the lowest at the 1st crop and declined with growth stages. Caffeine content was similar at the 1st and 3rd crops and showed a tendency of gradual decrease with growth stages. Tannin content was slightly different among the three tea seasons and decreased with growth stages. Vitamin C content was the highest and increased with growth stages at the 1st crop, whereas it was similar at all growth stages of the 2nd and 3rd crops. There were no differences in crude fiber content between the different tea seasons, whereas it increased gradually with growth stages. Cultivars showed significant differences in contents of these components with different tea seasons and shoot growth stages. The results indicate that tea seasons, shoot growth stages, and cultivars could be major factors affecting tea quality.

관비 수준이 차나무 신초의 생장 및 품질 특성에 미치는 영향

송인관(In Kwan Song),윤정희(Jeong Hee Yoon),박영철(Young Chul Park),김봉찬(Bong Chan Kim),이상순(Sang Soon Lee),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2010 한국차학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertigation rates on shoot growth and quality in young tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants growing in pots under plastic house and adult tea plants growing in open field. Fertigation rates were adjusted at 100, 75, 50, and 25% of recommended application by common practice for 1st year and 60, 45, 30, and 15% for 2nd and 3rd years. There was no difference in tree height and canopy width of young trees with different fertigation rates, however higher occurrence of physiological disorder was observed in higher rates than 30%. Soil pH and Ca and Mg content had a tendency of decrease as fertigation rate increased, which was contrary to EC. The number of new shoots and yield of adult trees with fertigation were higher than those of control, however there was no increase in shoot length and the number of leaves per shoot. Similar tendency was observed in quality of tea leaves; T-N, amino acids, and theanine contents were higher than those of control, however catechin, caffeine, tannin, fiber, and vit. C contents were not affected by fertigation. Na, Zn, Cu, and Fe contents were lower in leaves of control than those of fertigation, however Ca, K, Mg, and Mn contents were not affected by treatments. The results indicated that 30% fertigation rate might be applied to tea cultivation as an efficient method for fertilizer application.

제주특별자치도에서 재배되는 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.)의 품종별 잎의 특성

제순자(Soon-Ja Je),이용호(Yong-Ho Lee),오주성(Ju-Sung Oh),황필성(Pil-Seong Hwang),송인관(In-Kwan, Song),김선숙(Seon-Sook, Kim) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.2

As a result of analysis, Wu-yi has the highest value in leaf length (9.45 cm), width (3.88 cm), and area (25.84 cm2) and it also has the highest weight value of dry (0.38 g)/fresh (0.71 g) leaf. Asanoka has the highest value in leaf stalk length as 0.61cm, Taiwan tea (Daecha No. 21) has the largest value in the number of serrate as 21.60 while Jeju No.1 has the largest value in the number of vein as 9.80. Jeju No. 2 has the lowest value in leaf length (6.65 cm), width (2.25 cm), area (10.6 cm2), and the number of serrate (15.07) as well as it has the lowest weight value of dry (0.07g)/fresh (0.28 g) leaf while Jeju No.1 has the lowest value in leaf stalk length (0.16 cm). Taiwan tea (Daecha No.21), Mayryoku, and Asanoka have the same value in the number of vein (7.07) as the lowest value. As a result of analysis for heritability, genetic variance and environmental variance of tea leaves, the values of genetic variance are higher than the values of environmental variance in all the traits. The value of genetic variance is the highest in leaf area as 23.4734 as well as the value of environmental variance is the highest in leaf area as 5.0496, However, the value of environmental variance tended to lower overall. The value of heritability is the highest in leaf stalk length as 99.95%, the weight value of dry leaf, leaf width in order. The value of heritability is high as more than 70% in all the traits and therefore it would be easy to select superior traits.

신규다원에서 잡초관리 방법이 잡초 발생 및 차나무 생육에 미치는 영향

송인관(In Kwan Song),김용덕(Yong Duk Kim),윤정희(Jeong Hee Yoon),송정흡(Jeong Heub Song),고성준(Sung Joon Ko),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2010 한국차학회지 Vol.16 No.2

To develop an effective method for weed control in a newly established tea plantation, various methods of weed management such as soil mulching and growth of cover crops were evaluated in 3 to 4 year-old Hushun cultivar for 3 years in Jeju. The occurrence and occupancy of weeds differed depending on the weed management method applied, with White clover and Red clover suppressing weeds most effectively. Regarding the growth characteristics of covering crops, Italian ryegrass was taller than tea tree, Red clover and Crimson clover were similar, and White clover grew well for the first two years after seeding but was still shorter than tea tree. Biomass production from the control (noninterfered grown weeds) was the highest, followed by Italian ryegrass and Crimson clover. Effect of different weed management methods on the growth of tea tree was negligible. There was no significant difference between the treatment methods on soil. These results indicate that White clover was the most appropriate weed management method for increased tea tree growth, soil properties and weed suppression.

제주차밭에서 관수조건이 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 생육 및 품질특성에 미치는 영향

송인관(In Kwan Song),양상호(Sang Ho Yang),김태균(Tae Guin Kim),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The study was aimed with establishing an efficient management system for nutrition and soil water in tea plantation of Jeju, Korea. Effect of irrigation conditions with different soil water pressures (control, 10-30, 30-50, and 50-100 kPa) on tea shoot growth and quality and soil properities was evaluated. Tea shoot yield was higher at irrigated treatments than at control, however there was little difference among irrigated treatments. Total free amino acids and theanine contents at irrigation were higher, with the tendency of increase as irrigation was delayed, than those of control. On the contrary, fiber showed opposite tendency. Irrigation increased the content of K, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, and Fe of inorganic elements compared with control, whereas decreased Mn content. NO3-N contents of soil and soil solution were affected by irrigation conditions.

신규 유목 차밭에서 간작물을 이용한 동해 및 풍해의 저감

송인관(In Kwan Song),김봉찬(Bong Chan Kim),송관정(Kwan Jeong Song) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 제주지역 환경조건에서 신규다원 조성시 간작물의 차나무 동해와 풍해에 미치는 영항을 분석하고자, 수수, 수단그래스, 옥수수를 차나무 3열 간격당 1줄로 정식하여 수행하였다. 간작물의 초장은 수수와 수단그래스가 가장 길었으며, 옥수수가 가장 짧았다. 바이오매스량은 수수보다 수단그래스와 옥수수가 많았으며, 옥수수는 10월 이후 대부분 고사하여 겨울철 한해 경감는 작물로는 부적합 하였다. 간작물의 분지수는 수수 4.9개로 가장 많았으며, 옥수수는 분지수가 없었고, 도복은 수수가 0으로 가장 강하였다. 간작물의 초장은 수수와 수단그래스가 가장 길었으며, 옥수수가 가장 짧았다. 간작물의 미기상에 미치는 영향을 보면, 풍속은 무처리에 비하여 50-70%정도 저감시키는 효과가 있었고, 결로 현상은 무처리구가 간작물 처리구보다 늦게까지 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 최저온도 및 평균온도는 무처리 및 간작물간에 통계적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 간작물 처리가 차나무에 미치는 영향에서는 차나무의 초장, 수관폭, 새삭수, 신초장 등 생육특성 미친 효과는 없었다. 겨울철 동해에 미치는 영향은 옥수수를 제외한 수수 및 수단그래스 처리구에서 동해 저감 효과가 있었다. Abstract The study examined the effects of intercropping on the microclimate conditions and prevention of wind damage and cold injury to young tea plantations. Soghum, sudangrass, and corn were used in a row at an interval of three hedges of growing tea plants. Soghum and sudangrass grew taller than corn. The biomass production of sudangrass and corn were higher than soghum, whereas the tillering of soghum was the highest. This intercropping reduced the wind speed by approximately 50-70% and decreased the wetness index much earlier than the control at low levels. On the other hand, there was no effect on the minimum and mean daily air temperature. Intercropping had no effect on tea plant growth, such as shoot formation and length. The occurrence and level of cold injury, however, were decreased by intercropping with soghum and sudagrass but not with corn.