백지에서 추출한 oxypeucedanin hydrate의 미토콘드리아 기능 관련 근생성 효과

송은주(Eun-Ju Song),허지원(Ji-Won Heo),장지희(Jee Hee Jang),권윤주(Yoon-Ju Kwon),정윤희(Yun Hee Jeong),김민정(Min Jung Kim),김성은(Sung-Eun Kim) 한국영양학회 2024 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.57 No.1

본 연구는 근생성 효능을 가진 천연화합물을 발굴하고자 oxypeucedanin hydrate가 근생성과 미토콘드리아에 미치는 영향 및 항암제 유도 미토콘드리아 손상에 대한 완화효과를 C2C12 근원세포와 zebrafish 모델을 통해 각각 확인하였다. 그 결과, oxypeucedanin hydrate는 다핵의 근관세포의 수와 분화말기 표지자인 Myh4의 발현량을 증가시켰고 근육단백질 분해 인자인 MuRF1과 MAFbx의 발현량은 감소시켰다. 또한 미토콘드리아 생합성 조절인자인 Pgc1α, Tfam과 전자전달계 구성인자인 Sdha, Cox1의 발현은 증가시키고, 미토콘드리아 융합인자인 Opa1의 발현 또한 증가시킴과 동시에 미토콘드리아 분열을 표지하는 Drp1의 발현은 감소시켰다. 한편 zebrafish 모델을 통해 항암제 유도 미토콘드리아 손상에 대한 개선효과를 확인한 결과, oxypeucedanin hydrate는 항암제에 의해 유도된 미토콘드리아 손상을 완화시켰다. 이상의 결과들은 oxypeucedanin hydrate가 미토콘드리아 기능 증진을 매개로 근원세포 분화 촉진 및 근육 단백질 분해 저하 효과를 나타냄을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 oxypeucedanin hydrate가 근생성 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 잠재적인 유효소재로서의 가능성을 제시하였다. Purpose: Mitochondria play a crucial role in preserving skeletal muscle mass, and damage to mitochondria leads to muscle mass loss. This study investigated the effects of oxypeucedanin hydrate, a furanocoumarin isolated from Angelica dahurica radix, on myogenesis and mitochondrial function in vitro and in zebrafish models. Methods: C2C12 myotubes cultured in media containing 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL oxypeucedanin hydrate were immunostained with myosin heavy chain (MHC), and then multinucleated MHC-positive cells were counted. The expressions of markers related to muscle differentiation, muscle protein degradation, and mitochondrial function were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the effects of oxypeucedanin hydrate on mitochondrial dysfunction, Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:mito-EGFP) zebrafish embryos were treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without oxypeucedanin hydrate and analyzed for mito-EGFP intensity and mitochondrial length. Results: Oxypeucedanin hydrate significantly increased MHC-positive multinucleated myotubes (≥ 3 nuclei) and increased the expression of the myogenic marker myosin heavy chain 4. However, it decreased the expressions of muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 and muscle atrophy f-box (markers of muscle protein degradation). Furthermore, oxypeucedanin hydrate enhanced the expressions of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, transcription factor a mitochondrial, succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and mitochondrial fusion (optic atrophy 1). However, it reduced the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (a mitochondrial fission regulator). Consistently, oxypeucedanin hydrate reduced FOLFIRI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: The study indicates that oxypeucedanin hydrate promotes myogenesis by improving mitochondrial function, and thus, suggests oxypeucedanin hydrate has potential use as a nutritional supplement that improves muscle mass and function.

저분자량 헤파린 사용에 있어 신기능 정도에 따른 출혈경향 연구

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ),이승엽 ( Seung Yup Lee ),정유민 ( Yu Min Jung ),노경우 ( Kyung Woo Nho ),성수아 ( Su Ah Sung ),황영환 ( Young Hwan Hwang ),이소영 ( So Young Lee ) 대한신장학회 2011 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is safe and effective in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and venous thromboembolism. Compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH), it is known to have less bleeding tendency in the general population. However, it is not certain whether bleeding complications are decreased by LMWH in patients with renal failure. We postulated that the use of LMWH may lead to increase in bleeding tendency in patients with renal dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 486 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed as cerebral infarction or ACS, and treated with enoxaparin or nadroparin from January 2008 to December 2009. Bleeding complications were compared in 3 groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR 60, 30-59, and <30 mL/min/1.73m ≥ 2). Age, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking and usage of antithrombotics were examined and the relationship of these variables with bleeding tendency was analyzed. Results: Compared with group I, the frequency of total bleeding complications increased in patients with group II (p=0.002) and III (p=0.005) regardless of adequate dose reduction. Multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, HTN, DM, and usage of antithrombotics revealed that decreased GFR groups [odds ratio (OR) of group II was 5.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-29.97; p=0.042), OR of group III 5.92 (95% CI, 1.22-27.61; p=0.029)] and DM [OR of DM 7.88 (95% CI; 1.46-46.32, p=0.026)] were two independent factors which affect major bleeding. Conclusion: These findings suggest that renal insufficiency, even if it is mild, could affect major bleeding complications in the use of LMWH.

임플란트 피개의치를 위한 개별유지형 어태치먼트의 유지력에 관한 연구

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ),배은빈 ( Eun Bin Bae ),최재원 ( Jae Won Choi ),배지현 ( Ji Hyeon Bae ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),이소현 ( So Hyoun Lee ) 한국치위생과학회 2016 치위생과학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of retentive force in different stud attachment systems for implant retained overdenture. Two commercially available attachments with different retentive forces were investigated: Kerator (pink, blue, red) and O-ring (orange, red). Two implant fixtures were vertically embedded in base mountings. Five pairs of each attachment were evaluated. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate the retentive force of two attachments during wear simulation. Surface characteristics of each attachment system were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Five pairs of each attachment were evaluated. Kerator pink showed the highest initial retention. After 2,500 cycles of wear-simulation, Kerator pink noted the largest decrease in retention. According to results of surface analysis, Worn surfaces were obtained in matrices and patrices. Heavy wears were observed in matrices. After 2 year-wear simulation, most attachments exhibited retention loss. Attachments using different kind of material exhibited dissimilar surface alterations.

고등학생의 휴대폰 사용실태와 정신건강과의 관계

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국정신간호학회 2006 정신간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

출국세 과세제도의 도입방안 연구

송은주(Eun Ju Song),정경화(Kyung-hwa Jung) 한국조세연구포럼 2016 조세연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 거주자가 비거주자로 전환되는 출국시점에 거주자인 기간에 발생한 미실현 자본이득에 대해 과세하는 출국세의 도입방안에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 출국세의 도입에 따른 입법적인 문제점을 검토하고 일본, 미국 등 주요국의 도입사례를 소개하고 있다. 본 연구는 향후 우리나라가 출국세를 도입함에 있어 도입형태와 고려할 사항 등 구체적인 제도의 설계에 대하여 다루고 있으며, 그 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 우리나라에서의 출국세 도입 필요성을 과세권 확보 관점과 조세회피 가능성 관점에서 검토한 결과 유가증권 양도차익은 조세조약에 의해 거주지국에서 과세하도록 함으로써 비거주자로 전환하는 경우 국내에서 과세권을 상실하게 되므로 이미 발생한 자본이득에 대해 출국세를 과세하는 것은 의미가 있다. 주요국의 제도비교를 통해 본 연구에서 제안하는 출국세 도입방안은 첫째, 출국세 납세의무자는 조세회피 의도와 상관없이 거주자에서 비거주자로 전환하는 자를 대상으로 하여야 할 것이며, 출국세의 과세목적을 자국의 과세권 확보라는 측면에서 그 당위성을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 출국세 과세 시기는 거주자의 국내 거주관계 종결 시점이나, 출국하는 시점 등으로 규정하여야 한다. 셋째, 거주자가 비거주자로 전환되는 경우 현재 시행하고 있는 국세징수법 등의 출국금지 제도 등을 통해 출국세 납부여부 등을 확인하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 출국세 과세가 미실현이익에 대한 과세라는 측면을 고려하여 과세당국에 담보제공 등을 통해 납부이연이 가능해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 출국세를 도입하기 위해서는 조세저항을 최소화하는 것이 중요하므로 도입의 사회적 합의와 제도의 설계 등을 신중히 검토하여야 한다. 본 연구는 지금까지 출국세 관련 연구에서 소개되지 않았던 일본의 출국세 과세제도를 소개하였고 국내에서의 출국세 도입필요성을 과세권 확보 측면과 조세회피 방지 관점에서 국내의 조세제도 및 해외이주 현황 자료를 통해 분석하였다. 또한 출국세 도입 시 고려사항을 제시하고 있어 향후 국내에서의 출국세 제도를 마련하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. This is a study on the introduction of measures to the exit tax residents are taxed on unrealized income generated on the resident period. It is already implemented by introducing the exit tax in many OECD countries, and also the exit tax introduced in Japan. Every nonresident individual to whom the exit tax applies. In this study, a review of legislative problems of the introduction of the exit tax. Generally the exit tax is seen as a ‘protective measure’(tax of last chance) but also as a tool to prevent tax-motivated emigration. This article deals with consideration factors to design exit tax. The details are as follows. First, taxpayers of the exit tax should be targeted at non-residents regardless of intention of tax avoidance. The exit tax for tax purposes will be able to find a justification in terms of preserving domestic taxing rights. Second, tax period of the exit tax shall be defined that the taxpayers give up their residence of a country before the date of emigration. Third, in case of switching resident to non-resident, it could be considered(as a verifying method) to confirm the payment of the exit tax by the prohibition of departure in the National Tax Collection Law. Fourth, when introducing the exit tax on securities with limited, allows a deferral(with interest) until the realization of the shares or the death of the shareholder, whichever comes first, provided that proper security is posted. Finally, it is important to overcome tax resistance to establish exit tax, so social consultation to introduce exit tax is essential.

탈식민적 텍스트의 혼종성을 어떻게 번역할 것인가: 토니 모리슨의 『자비』(A Mercy)를 중심으로

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2013 현대영미소설 Vol.20 No.1

This research analyzes linguistic heterogeneity in Toni Morrison`s A Mercy(2008) and explores how to deliver it in translation into Korean. As she has a keen self-consciousness as an African American novelist and tries to represent her racial identity through her poetic and experimental style and language, translating her works requires particular consideration of cultural and linguistic heterogeneity. She has continuously searched for ways to restore black cultural tradition, and to represent the experiences and histories of racial minorities in American society in her literature Therefore, it is necessary to consider how the cultural and historical contexts I her works influence her unique style and language, and attempt to reflect these elements in the target text. In A Mercy, Morrison`s experimental style and non-standard language use in the main narrative of Florens, a slave girl is noteworthy not only to show the historical and social context surrounding her, but also to source text with heterogeneity, the concept of foreginizing translation suggested by Lawrece Venuti could be helpful for it. The purpose of her peculiar language use can be said as an attempt to mark the trace of black struggle and resistance against the assimilation into the dominant culture by force. Venuti`s minoritizing translation could be an effectual method to reveal the existence of remainders which do not conform to the standard language, as Morrison intended. The black culture is still a subgenre which is not yet well-known or familiar, and is sometimes even disregarded in Korea. The introduction of heterogeneity in Morrison`s works in the process of translation could lead readers to be more conscious and understanding of differences.

인류세에 부활한 가이아 : 가이아의 이름을 재정의하기

송은주(Song, Eun-Ju) 인문콘텐츠학회 2021 인문콘텐츠 Vol.- No.62

가이아 가설은 1970년대 제임스 러브록(James Lovelock)이 발표한 이후로 격렬한 논쟁을 불러일으켰다. 영성주의자들과 뉴에이지 활동가들은 고대 대지의 여신의 부활에 열광한 반면, 대부분의 과학자들은 사이비 과학이라고 비판하고 무시했다. 가이아 가설은 새롭게 발견된 많은 과학적 증거에 의해 검증되고 지구시스템과학으로 발전했지만, 여전히 많은 오해와 함께 "뜨거운 감자"로 남아 있다. 브뤼노 라투르(Bruno Latour)는 가이아 가설이 인류세의 맥락에서 효과적인 은유로 재전유될 수 있다고 믿는다. 러브록의 가이아는 외부로부터의 자극과 변화에 대해 항상성을 유지하기 위해 스스로 조절하는 사이버네틱 시스템의 은유를 채택한다. 이러한 횡단적 관점은 생명과 무생명의 경계를 모호하게 하고, 서양 문화의 전통적인 이분법적 관점에 의문을 제기한다. 라투르는 대부분 러브록의 가정을 받아들이지만, 그는 인류세를 위해 가이아를 재해석하고 재정의하고자 한다. 따라서 그는 가이아의 불안정성과 가변성을 강조하기 위해 모든 생물군과 대기, 지구, 해역을 포괄하는 얇은 생물막으로 설명한다. 가이아는 모든 생명체와 무생물이 얽히있는 임계영역이다. 인간은 역사의 유일한 저자이자 대리인이 아니며 가이아를 완전히 통제할 수 없다. 그는 공존을 위해 가이아의 일부이자 ‘지구에 묶인 자(the Earthbound)’로서 다른 비인간 행위자들과 협상해야 한다. 가이아는 의인화와 젠더화의 위험을 무릅쓰고 지구이야기를 구성하는 데 참여하기 위해 이름과 행위성을 부여받아야 한다. 라투르는 가이아라는 이름을 복수화하고 그 개념적 한계를 잠정적인 것으로 인정함으로써 위험에 대처하고자 한다. 그러나 인식론적 전환뿐만 아니라 인류세에서 요구되는 정치적 실천을 위해 가이아를 재정의하는 것은 필요하고 의미 있는 시도이다. Gaia Hypothesis has aroused drastic controversies since it was published by James Lovelock in 1970s. Whereas spiritualists and New Age activists were enthusiastic for revival of an ancient goddess of the Earth, most scientists criticized and disregarded as pseudo-science. It was verified by many new-found scientific evidences and developed into the Earth System Science, but it still remains ‘hot potato’ with many misunderstandings. Bruno Latour believes Gaia Hypothesis can be reappropriated as an effective metaphor in the context of the Anthropocene. Lovelock’s Gaia adopts the metaphor of a cybernetic system which self-regulates to maintain homeostasis against stimulus and changes from outside. The transversal perspective blurs the boundary between life and nonlife and raises questions on the traditional binary view in Western culture. Latour mostly accepts Lovelock’s assumptions, while he attempts to reinterpret and redefine Gaia for the Anthropocene. Therefore, he explains Gaia as a thin biofilm embracing all biotas and atmosphere, earth, and sea area in order to emphasize its instability and variability. Gaia is a critical zone where all life and nonlife forms are intertwined and intermingled. Because Human is not a sole author and agent of History and cannot take total control in the Anthropocene. He should negotiate with other nonhuman agents as the Earthbound, a part of Gaia for coexistence. Gaia needs to be assigned a name and agency to participate in composing geostory at the risk of personification and gendering. Latour tries to deal with the risk by multiplying name of Gaia and acknowledging its conceptual limitation as provisional. However, it is a necessary and meaningful attempt to rename Gaia not only for epistemological turn but also for political practice required in the Anthropocene.

소성변형에 따른 수소거동 변화 연구

송은주(Eun Ju Song),백승욱(Seung-Wook Baek),백운봉(Un Bong Baek),남승훈(Seung Hoon Nahm) 한국가스학회 2016 한국가스학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

『소리와 분노』: 반복으로서의 내러티브

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국영미문화학회 2013 영미문화 Vol.13 No.2

This aims to study William Faulkner`s narrative technique in The Sound and the Fury. It consists of four sections narrated by different narrators such as the Compson brothers and a third-person narrator. The notable characteristic of this work is that the same images, memories and feelings repeatedly appear in each section and alternate between sections. The Compson brothers narrate their feelings and reactions on their loss of Caddy repeatedly. The fragmented and repetitive patterns of the narratives disrupt the conventional order in the novel; nevertheless, such narrative technique produces interactions and associations among seemingly isolated sections. One of the repetitions is the Compson brothers` repeated failure in trying to make up for the loss of Caddy, but their attempts are inevitably frustrated since she is originally an “empty center.” The last section, the so-called “Dilsey section,” compared to others, seems to be relatively objective, but it isn`t omniscient. It is just one of the imperfect perspectives that cannot be seen as a conventional “real ending” of a novel. However, it is meaningful to reject to authorize an author`s voice as a master narrative and exclude other local narratives, inducing readers` participation. The accumulation of fragmented narratives of this novel suggests the possibility for a reader to find out an alternative interpretation through the effect of juxtaposed narratives.

박물관과 황야: 에머슨의 미국적 자연

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국영미문화학회 2015 영미문화 Vol.15 No.1

This paper aims to analyze Ralph Waldo Emerson’s transcendental view of nature through the process that he conceptualizes nature as a “museum” and “wilderness.” He has been underestimated as an ecological thinker compared to Thoreau, because the former``s observation of the nature tends to be abstract rather than concrete or specific. However, his transcendental view of nature has influenced deeply on naturalist writers including Thoreau, and provided the basic foundations for the ecological thoughts in America. When Emerson traveled in Europe, he was deeply impressed by the exquisite displays of natural species in Jardin des Plantes in Paris. He discovered the totality and unity in nature from the method of these arrangements and classifications the exhibition used. He acquired the principle on the studies in nature. He interpreted each natural fact as a metaphor that carried out the intention of God. Moreover, he believed that he could reconstruct the relation between man and nature via recognition. After returning to America, he attempted to transform an American wilderness into a space where an American can be perceived as an independent subject free from the European influence and the one morally superior being to Europeans. His presentation of nature is newly proposed not through a museum, but through the American wilderness. It could be considered as a post-colonial attempt to become independent not only politically but also mentally and culturally, but his idealization and mythicization of the American wilderness have led him to an obsession that made him perceive the wilderness as pure and untouched nature in modern American ecocriticism.