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입센의 『헤다 가블레르』에 나타나는 원형(Archetype)에 관한 연구
송선호 한국 스칸디나비아학회 2019 스칸디나비아 연구 Vol.24 No.-
This paper analyzes the trait of character appearing in Hedda Gabler(1890) by Henrik Johan Ibsen. Since its release, the controversy over the main character Hedda has been in constant dispute. Various discussions have been taking place in that regard, which disproves the fact that Hedda's character in the play is so multi-character. In order to identify the character of Hedda, this paper applied the concepts of ‘persona’, ‘anima’ and ‘shadow’ as suggested by Carl Gustav Jung in the Archetype theory. This analysis is a discussion based on the fact that Ibsen’s autobiographical experience and psychology were projected in various ways, especially in his later works. As is well known, Rosmer and Solness, the characters of the play that were released before and after Hedda Gabler, are close to Ibsen's own self-portrait. On the premise of this, the main body of this paper revealed how Ibsen molded his ‘persona’, ‘anima’ and ‘shadow’ into the character of Hedda. As a result, it was concluded that Hedda's multiple personalities were expressed as duplicate images of these three Archetypes present inside Ibsen. The results of this study are suggestive in that they open up the possibility of interpreting Ibsen's plays. In other words, in the relationship between Ibsen, who pursued self-purification through his plays, which projected himself, we can find something similar to the universal function of mythology. 이 논문은 입센(Henrik Johan Ibsen)의 『헤다 가블레르(Hedda Gabler)』(1890)에 나타나는 등장인물의 성격을 분석한 것이다. 발표 당시부터 주인공 헤다의 성격에 대한 논란은 끊이질 않았고, 그와 관련하여 다양한 논의가 전개되어 왔는데, 이것은 그만큼 극중 헤다의 성격이 다중적이라는 사실을 반증한다. 이에 본고에서는 이러한 헤다의 성격을 규명하기 위해 융(Carl Gustav Jung)이 원형(Archetype) 이론에서 제시한 ‘페르소나(persona)’, ‘아니마(anima)’, ‘그림자(shadow)’의 개념을 적용하여 분석을 시도하였다. 이러한 분석은 특히 입센의 후기작에 그의 자전적 경험과 심리가 다양한 방식으로 투영되었다는 사실을 전제로 한 논의이다. 잘 알려진 바와 같이 『헤다 가블레르』를 전후하여 발표된 희곡의 등장인물인 로스메르(Rosmer)와 솔네스(Solness) 등은 입센 자신의 자화상에 가깝다. 이를 전제로 하여 본론에서는 입센이 자신의 ‘페르소나’, ‘아르마’, ‘그림자’를 어떻게 헤다라는 인물로 조형하였는지를 밝혔으며, 그 결과 헤다의 다중적 성격은 입센의 내면에 존재하는 이 세 가지 원형이 중복된 이미지로 표출된 것이라는 결론에 도달하였다. 이와 같은 연구의 결과는 입센의 극작에 대한 해석의 가능성을 열어 준다는 점에서 시사하는 바가 있다. 즉, 극작을 통해 자기 정화를 추구했던 입센과 자기 자신을 투영한 희곡의 관계에서 우리는 신화의 보편적 기능과 유사한 점을 발견할 수 있다.
송선호,최의순 여성건강간호학회 1999 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.5 No.2
A clinical study was made on 365 low birth weight infant and 406 normal birth weight infant who had been born at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital during past 3 years from Jan. 1, 1995 to Dec. 31, 1997. The data of this study were gathered through reviewing of medical records. The results were as follows 1. Comparison of general characteristic with of obstetric characteristic 1) Old maternal age, previous abortion and previous LBWI delivery in the group of low birth weight infant (LBWI) mother were more prevalent than those in the group of normal birth weight infant (NBWI) mother. 2) Cesarean section, abnormal presentation and multiple pregnancy in the group of LBWI mother were more prevalent than those in the group of NBWI mother. 3) Regular antenartal care and visiting rate of tertiary hospital in the group of LBWI mother were more prevalent than those in the group of NBWI mother. 2. Frequency of low birth weight infant 1) Annual average frequency of LBWI was 6.5% and monthly frequency was the highest in January and December. 2) The frequency of LBWI was the highest in 37-40wks of gestational age and was the highest in 2251-2500 gm of birth weight. 3) The frequency of congenital anormaly in the group of LBWI was more prevalent than that of NBWI. 3. Mortality rate of LBWI The mortality rate of LBWI was 9.2%. The highest mortality rate was noted before 27wks of gestational age, less than 1000gm of birth weight and within 12 hrs of delivery. 4. The most common complication of pregnant women was pre-term labor, the most complication relating to placenta was premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and the most fetal complication was fetal distress in delivered LBWI. 5. Significant relating factors of low birth weight infant delivery were associated with maternal age, previous delivery, previous low birth weight delivery, pre-eclampsia, anemia, oligohydramnios, PROM, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, fetal sex, fetal distress and congenital anomaly.