of Pre-service Teacher in the Process of Identifying Fake News: An Eye-tracking Study

송보라(Bo-ra Song),최숙기(Sook-Ki Choi) 한국교원대학교 뇌기반교육연구소 2021 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.11 No.4

Since the continuous reproduction of fake news is taking place in the digital media environment, critical reading education should be conducted. Critical thinking ability to analyze, evaluate, and read the information received through the media from a critical point of view is a core competency required as a democratic citizen in order not to become an unintentional fake news distributor . Accordingly, as one of the various implementation methods of critical reading education in the digital age, the aspects and strategies of critical reading of fake news were studied. As a result of analyzing fake news reading patterns, first, in a natural situation, as an unsuspecting news consumer, receptive reading was performed, but in a discriminatory situation, critical reading was performed as a suspicious news consumer. Second, ancestral and sequential reading appeared in natural situations, but non-advanced and regressive reading appeared in discriminatory situations. Third, ‘Reading through’ was performed to understand the contents in natural situations, and ‘Reading meticulously’ was performed to utilize strategies in discriminatory situations. Reading strategies used by prospective teachers in the process of identifying fake news were analyzed in order of reliability, validity, and fairness. First, to verify reliability, prospective teachers used ‘checking provocative headlines’, ‘checking media information and baselines’, ‘checking dates’, ‘checking sources of citation information’, and ‘Checking photos, tables, graphs, etc’ as reading strategies. In addition, validation of validity was used to ‘check logical errors or leaps through the derivation of arguments from sufficient evidence’ and to ‘check for unnecessary information interventions and judge the consistency of news configurations’. Finally, in order to verify fairness, it used a strategy of ‘checking whether various positions related to the issue were reflected’. This study empirically confirmed the reading patterns of prospective teachers in the process of identifying fake news. Existing critical reading education is insufficient to cope with the increasingly sophisticated and serious fake news. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare specific educational contents and methods suitable for reading fake news.

아동용 위인전 세종대왕, 이순신의 표지디자인에 관한 고찰

송보라 ( Bo Ra Song ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2016 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.54 No.-

본 연구는 우리나라 위인 중 가장 많이 회자되고 재해석된 세종대왕 50권과 이순신51권을 대상으로 비교·분석하였다. 아동용 위인전 표지는 기본적으로 위인에 대한 정보가 시각적으로 잘 나타나야 한다. 그러나 세종대왕과 이순신 101권을 분석한 바에 의하면 위인전이라는 특성만이 강조된 고서이미지의 활자체나유행을 따르는 제목글자가 공통적으로 사용되었고, 특징 없는 실루엣이 표현되어 위인의 아이덴티티(정체성)가 드러나지 않았다. 아동용 위인전 표지는 내용을 보지 않고 정보를 전달할 수 있어야하기에 위인의 업적을 기리는 기록성, 역사적인 사실에 근거한 역사성, 사실적인 정보를 전달하는 정보성과 관련된 시각정보가 압축되어 표현되어야 한다. 따라서 그래픽디자이너는 형식적인 글자와 이미지배열에서 벗어나 구성요소를 기획하고 표현해야 할 것이다. Of the great figures in the history of Korea, King Sejong the Great and Yi Sun-shin were the persons whom have been discussed and reinterpreted most frequently. This study compared 50 biographies of King Sejong the Great with 51 biographies of Yi Sun-shin and analyzed the books. As for covers of biographies for children, their basic responsibility is to efficiently visualize information about great persons. However, the other analysis on the 101 biographies of King Sejong the Great and Yi Sun-shin reported that typefaces that feel ancient enough to emphasize only these characteristics of any biographies or title letters that follow trends were being used as the most popular design factors and when it comes to silhouettes without peculiarities, the study noticed which would hardly introduce identities of the great persons. The study now suggests that when trying to plan and express components of their designs, graphic designers should stop being obsessed with those formal conventional arrangements of characters and images.

타이포그래피와 이미지 융합에 관한 연구 -영화 오프닝 타이틀을 중심으로

송보라 ( Bo Ra Song ),김병진 ( Byeong Jin Kim ) 커뮤니케이션디자인협회 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2009 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.29 No.-

타이포그래피는 새로운 미디어를 통한 새로운 의사소통방식의 목적으로 이미지로의 가능성을 갖게 되었고, 이미지와 텍스트의 분간이 없는 고대문자로 돌아가듯 상형문자적 사고방식을 통해 언어로부터 독립된 형태로 발전하게 되었다. 이는 뉴미디어에서 타이포그래피가 보다 즉각적인 감각을 자극함과 동시에 몰입을 유도하기 위해 다양한 표현가능성과 더불어 이차원의 평면에 삼차원의 가상공간을 겹쳐놓는 등의 확장된 융합방식을 갖게 된 것을 의미한다. 이에 본 연구자는 다양한 네러티브(Narative) 시퀀스(Sequence)구조의 오프닝 타이포그래피가 미디어의 변화에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 고찰하고, 타이포그래피와 이미지의 레이어의 융합을 통해 몽타주와 꼴라주가 갖게 되는 `증식의 차이(Multilying difference)`로 관객의 흥미를 자극하여 활용되는 사례를 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 다양한 표현방식이 새로운 확장공간을 창출하여 보다 효과적인 몰입을 유도함으로서 다양하게 발전될 수 있는 가능성에 대해 논하고자 한다. Typography has the potential as the image for new communication method using new media. Furthermore, it was developed as the independent form as the language through the hieroglyphic way of thinking as if it returned to ancient characters of which images and texts are not classified. It means that typography has a variety of expression potentials to induce concentration as well as to stimulate more instantaneous sense in new media and the expanded way of conversion including overlaying virtual space of 3D on 2D plane. Accordingly, this study investigated the change of opening title typography with various kinds of narrative sequence structure in accordance with change of media, and the characteristics of typography stimulating the audience`s interest by the "difference of proliferation" that montage and collage create through conversion of typography and image layers. On the basis of the results from investigation, this study will discuss the possibility for future development in various ways as diverse ways of expression create new space for expansion and induce more effective concentration.

즉석섭취·편의식품류의 미생물 오염도 조사를 통한 기준·규격 재평가

송보라,김순한,김진광,한정아,곽효선,정경태,허은정,Song, Bo Ra,Kim, Soon Han,Kim, Jin-Kwang,Han, Jeong-A,Kwak, Hyo Sun,Chung, Kyung-Tae,Heo, Eun Jeong 한국식품위생안전성학회 2017 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.32 No.5

본 연구에서는 단일 시료를 검사하는 식품공전의 방법을 통계적 개념인 n, c, m, M을 도입하여 국제기준에 발맞춘 시스템을 확립하고자 식품 중 미생물 오염실태 조사 및 기준 규격 재평가를 실시하였다. 즉석섭취 편의식품류에 대한 미생물의 오염도 조사를 위한 모니터링을 실시하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 통계적 개념을 도입하여 새로운 기준 규격을 마련하고자 하였다. 즉석섭취 편의식품류 총 2,040건(즉석섭취식품 630건, 즉석조리식품1,020건, 신선편의식품390건)을 구입하여 일반세균수, 대장균군, E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, C. perfringens 에 대한 모니터링을 진행하였다. 즉석섭취 편의식품류의 일반세균수는 평균 2.10 log CFU/g, 대장균군은 평균 -0.60 log CFU/g, E.coli은 평균 -1.33 log CFU/g, B.cereus은 평균 -1.23 log CFU/g으로 검출되었으며, S.aureus은 신선편의식품에서만 평균 -1.35 log CFU/g, C. perfringens은 즉석조리식품에서만 평균 -1.37 log CFU/g 검출되었다. 일반세균수, B. cereus, S. aureus, C. perfringens은 현 기준규격을 초과하지 않은 것으로 나타났으나, 신선편의식품에 한하여 E. coli 는 34건이 식품기준 및 규격을 초과 하였다. 즉석섭취 편의식품류의 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 Newsamplesplan 2 프로그램을 활용하여 이론적 규격을 도출하였다. 오염 분포도가 넓어 사실상 규격 마련의 실효성이 없는 것으로 파악되었고, 대장균은 즉석섭취식품 및 즉석조리식품에서 n=5 c=1 m=0 M=10으로, 신선편의식품에서는 n=5 c=1 m=10 M=100으로 이론적 규격이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Internationally different food safety regulation and standards could cause troubles in trade unless those are built on scientific knowledge. In this research, we monitored the microbial population and analyzed the results to determine the level of microbial contamination in foodstuffs using relatively new statistical analysis (microbiological sampling plan, International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods). The goal of this research falls on establishing entirely new standards for various food categories addressed in the Korean "Food Code". Targets for monitoring were indicator organisms (i.e. total aerobic count, coliform and Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (i.e. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens) in ready-to-eat (RTE) products. As the result of the monitoring, total aerobic count, coliform, E. coli, and B. cereus in RTE products were found at the mean values of 2.10 log CFU/g, -0.60 log CFU/g, -1.33 log CFU/g and -1.23 log CFU/g, respectively. S. aureus was detected with the level of -1.35 log CFU/g only in fresh-cut food, while C. perfringens was -1.37 log CFU/g only in ready-to-cook food. Other samples did not have any food borne pathogens. Total aerobic count, B. cereus, S. aureus and C. perfringens satisfied the Food Code (the MFDS). On the basis of the analysis, we proposed a draft of microbial criteria for RTE products.

주택시장에서의 세대 갈등과 주택정책

송인호(Song, In-Ho),송보라(Song, Bo-Ra) 한국부동산정책학회 2015 不動産政策硏究 Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, we checked the awareness of the residential house and living environment by age and analyzed the consumption patterns by income and housing tenure status. The summary of empirical results are as following. First, the depreciation of residential houses have greater impacts on the reducing of living expanses than that of other assets. Second, for the young, the housing cost per unit area and the ordinary income for the elderly are significant roles when determining their living area. Finally, the young usually under more asset constraint are sensitive to the level of LTV and the DTI regulation policy is significantly influenced for the elderly under income constraint. These results suggest that the housing policy should be enforced with significant considerations of the house owner’s age characteristics. Moreover, in order to make better living condition for the young, it is necessary to improve the non-institutional private housing market. It is also needed to find the way of efficient settlements for the ‘New Stay’ project. Meanwhile, the reverse mortgage program should be exquisitely designed for the elderly. In addition, it is good way that the LTV and DTI levels apply more flexibly with considering house owner’s age.