고층 아파트 건물의 일조일영 분석 사례

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song),유형규(Hyung-Kyu Yu),정병훈(Byong-Hoon Jeong) 한국생활환경학회 2001 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Although high-rise apartments are beneficial to increase land use, open space, fine view, and so forth, it induces people to concentrate in cities and causes traffic problem. And, the lower stories of those apartments are difficult to obtain sunlight for minimum 4 hours in the daytime while the upper stories of them can receive sufficient sunlight regardless of seasons or times. The purpose of this study was to present the method which can be used for evaluating sunlight conditions in design and using phase of apartments by surveying individual houses. In this study, it is produced the shadow analysis program with Auto Lisp that can plot shadows on a CAD drawing by calculating solar altitude, azimuth, declination and equation of time. To examine the seasonal effect of shadow, three-dimensional building shape and shadow were illustrated using the rendering method. Because this shadow analysis program with Auto Lisp can show directly building shadows on a drawing, it is useful to perceive the accurate pattern and area of shadow. And, the Auto CAD rendering method can express seasonal changes of shadow in apartment complex. Therefore, by using two methods properly, it is helpful to predict precise time of sunlight and shadow in design and using phase of buildings.

바닥의 온도가 심부온도, 피부온도, 혈류량에 미치는 영향

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song),안가연(Ga-Youn Ahn),이정범(Jeong-Bum Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2011 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

A total of 24 S-D (Sprague-Dawley) rats were purchased, and they were cultured in thermo-neutral environment of 23℃ air temperature and 50% relative humidity. Six (6) types of under floor heating systems were constructed to maintain the floor temperature (t<SUB>f</SUB>) of 12°, 18°, 23°, 28°, 33° and 40℃. In an experimental day, eight (8) rats were chosen sequentially and their body condition was controlled in the 23℃ floor for 20 minutes to get a similar body status, and in the main experiments two floors were selected among six floor systems, and four (4) rats were investigated in each floor. The changes of core body temperature in the rectum and skin temperature in the dorsal part were measured for 60 minutes. After the measurement of body temperature, the blood flow rates were measured in the same dorsal part for 10 minutes by using the Laser Doppler Flow Meter. As the results of the experiments, the rectal temperature was decreased by -2.12℃ in the t<SUB>f</SUB> 12℃, and it was increased by +1.63℃ in the t<SUB>f</SUB>40℃. From t<SUB>f</SUB> 18℃ to t<SUB>f</SUB> 35℃, the difference of rectal temperature was not statistically significant. The difference between the initial and final skin temperature was not statistically significant in the t<SUB>f</SUB> 23℃ floor, and the skin temperature was decreased at the t<SUB>f</SUB> 12℃ and t<SUB>f</SUB> 18℃ floor, and it was increased from t<SUB>f</SUB>28℃ to t<SUB>f</SUB>40℃ statistically. The blood flow rate was not increased proportionally according to the floor surface temperature, In the cooled floors such as t<SUB>f</SUB> 12℃ and t<SUB>f</SUB> 18℃ floor, the blood flow was higher than that of t<SUB>f</SUB> 23℃ to t<SUB>f</SUB> 40℃ floors (p<0.05). The difference of blood flow rate ranged from t<SUB>f</SUB> 23℃ to t<SUB>f</SUB> 40℃ floor was not statistically significant.

바닥의 온도가 실험쥐의 성장과 번식에 미치는 효과

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2010 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study elucidates the acceptable floor temperature for reproduction in rats. Floor systems were constructed to maintain surface temperatures (t<SUB>f</SUB>) of 12°, 18°, 23°, 28°, 33° and 40℃. A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 10 rats (5 males and 5 females), and rats were maintained at the designed floor surface temperatures for three months. The fastest group to breed was housed at t<SUB>f</SUB> 23℃ (57.4 days) and the longest group was at t<SUB>f</SUB> 40℃ (74.8 days). Rats kept on the cooled floors (12, 18 and 23℃) took 7.6 days less to breed than the warm floors (28, 33 and 40℃) (p<0.05). The most fertile group was housed in the t<SUB>f</SUB> 28℃ environment (born: 71/perished: 4) and the least fertile group was t<SUB>f</SUB> 12℃ (b: 37/p: 21). The recommended floor temperature range for reproduction is 18-33℃ and for newborn infants is 28-33℃.

溫突바닥의 合版마감 두께와 人體의 溫熱生理反應 比較

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2003 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.10 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the thermo-physiological responses of healthy subjects who sit on the ply-wood covering of floor heating system, ONDOL. Environmental chambers were constructed for this study, wherein ambient temperature, and wall and ceiling surface temperature were controlled at 24℃, and relative humidity was at 50%. The temperature of supply water (tsw) flowing into the floor coil was altered from 15℃ to 40℃ at 5℃ interval. The floor covering materials used in this experiment were mortar and 3 types of plywood with thickness of 2.7 ㎜, 7.5 ㎜, and 12 ㎜. The floor surface temperatures (tf) and the skin temperatures of 8 subjects were measured while they were sitting on the floor. Buttocks temperature was particularly monitored. This experiment yielded the following results: (1) The floor surface temperature (tf) was 17.0℃ㆍ35.2℃ on mortar finishing and 19.1℃ㆍ30.2℃ on l2㎜ plywood covering. (2) The buttocks skin temperature increased at more than tsw 30℃ on mortar finishing and 30℃, 25℃, and 20℃ on 2.7 ㎜, 7.5 ㎜, and 12 ㎜ plywood finishing, respectively (3) The differences of buttocks temperature between tsw 15℃ and 40℃ were 11.4℃ on mortar, 7.9℃ on 2.7 ㎜, 6.5℃ on 7.5 ㎜, and 5.0℃ on 12 ㎜ plywood. (4) Using regression analysis, the neutral point temperature of buttocks was determined at 32.8℃.

좌식 생활자세에서 온돌바닥의 온도에 따른 낭심의 반응

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2004 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Testicular temperature should be 2°~4℃ lower than body core temperature for sperm production. Koreans live sitting on the ONDOL floor heating system in their residential buildings, consequently male testis is affected by floor surface temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of scrotal temperature in a sedentary posture over the heated floor. Screening test had been performed to select the healthy subjects, and finally six college students volunteered in this experiment. They stayed in the preliminary chamber controlled 24℃ for 20 minutes in order to get the testis of thermo-neutral state. Subjects moved to main experimental chamber in which floor surface temperature controlled by temperature of water (tw) flowing into the floor coil from 15° to 50℃ at 5℃ interval. Skin temperatures including 2 points of scrotum, left and right sides, were measured while subjects’ buttocks contact with floor surface for 50 minutes. The study revealed that the average floor surface temperature (tf) recorded as 17.0° (S.D 0.10) for tw 15℃, 20.8° (0.07) for tw 20℃, 24.1° (0.10) for tw 25℃, 27.8° (0.10) for tw 30℃, 31.7° (0.10) for tw 35℃, 35.9° (0.10) for tw 40℃, 38,60 (0.10) for tw 45℃, and 42.2° (0.10) for tw 50℃. The final temperature of scrotal surface was 32.27°, 32.62°, 33.51°, 33.34°, 34.14°, 34.28°, 34.34° and 35.04℃ at the tf 17.0°, 20.8°, 24.1°, 27.8°, 31.7°, 35.9°, 38,60 and 42.2℃, respectively. At tf 17.0° and 20.8℃, the changes of scrotal temperature were shown declined pattern and low temperature for sperm reproduction. At tf 24.1°, 27.8° and 31.7℃, these environments were suitable for men fertility, and thermal regulatory system of scrotal muscle activated appropriately. At tw 35.9°, 38,60 and 42.2℃, results were shown ascended pattern. Of six subjects, two were shown that their scrotal temperature rose above 35℃ at tf 38.6℃, and four were above 35℃ at tf 42.2℃. The results suggested that optimum surface temperature of heated floor is 24°~32℃ for men fertility.

화재 발생과 인간의 행동반응

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2003 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.10 No.1

개별난방 공동주택의 실별 온도 불균등 상태 고찰

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song),김기훈(Ki-Hoon Kim),전성원(Sung-Won Jeon) 한국생활환경학회 2002 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.9 No.1

도심 보행로의 녹화가 여름철 미세기후 변화에 미치는 영향

송국섭(Song, Gook-Sup) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

200℃ 온도에서 나무바닥의 두께가 인체의 피부온도와 혈류량에 미치는 효과

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2002 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.9 No.4

This study was performed to suggest fundamental data on physiological response by the thickness variations of wooden floor covering. The experimental chamber having automatic control system was constructed, and the system can control not only air temperature but also surface temperature and humidity ratio. The air and wall surface temperature were set 20℃, relative humidity 50%, and air velocity 0.2 m/sec, and the temperature of the supply water flowing into the floor coil was set 20°e. The floor covering material was varied from mortar only (thin paper finishing), to 2.7 ㎜ thickness plywood, 7.5 ㎜, and 12 ㎜. 8 healthy college students volunteered the experiments at sitting posture on the floor. Skin temperatures at 8 points and blood flow rates were measured. To evaluate the heat transfer between human body and finishing materials, the contact point temperature was measured. According to these experiments, following results were obtained; (1) The mean skin temperature at the 12 ㎜ plywood covering was recorded 0.8℃ higher than that of mortar finishing floor. (2) The contact point temperature between floor finishing and buttock, reached 24.4℃ in mortar and it reached 29.9℃ in 12 ㎜ plywood. (3) In the respect of the blood flow rate at fingertip, the difference between mortar finishing and 12 ㎜ plywood was recorded as 1.94 ㎎/min/100g. Also, at the toe-tip, the difference was 0.77 ㎎/min/100g. The Wooden floor is more human body friendly system more than mortar finishing floor, when the finishing wood has the 12 mm thickness more.

바닥온도와 대사량이 낭심의 온도에 미치는 영향

송국섭(Gook-Sup Song) 한국생활환경학회 2005 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Since Koreans habitually sit on the heated floor in their residential buildings, the male testis is directly exposed, and is therefore affected, by the floor surface temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture and high metabolism rate over the heated floor. A rigid screening test was performed to select healthy subjects. Finally, six college students volunteered to participate in the experiments. Experiment was designed for a high metabolism state, with the subjects playing a card game in a sedentary posture for 180 min. The floor surface temperature (tf) was controlled by varying the temperature of water (tw) flowing underneath of the floor surface from 30℃ to 40℃, at 5℃ intervals. Experiment revealed that the final scrotal temperature was 33.43℃, 34.78℃, and 35.61℃, and the difference between the initial and final scrotal temperatures was +0.34℃, +I.06℃, and +2.24℃, at tw 30℃ (tf 27.8℃), 35℃ (tf 31.7℃), and tw 40℃ (tf 35.9℃), respectively. The scrotal temperature was affected by the floor surface temperature and by the rate of metabolism of the subject in a sedentary posture. As derived from regression analysis, the recommended surface temperature of a heated floor is within 23℃~33℃ to achieve spermatogenesis.