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독일어의 어순에 관한 몇 가지 관찰 - 부사와 목적어의 어순 및 동사위치에 따른 어순변화
송경안,조동섭,Song Kyung-An,Cho Tong Sop 한국독어학회 2001 독어학 Vol.3 No.-
Die vorliegende Arbeit versuchte durch Umfragen an die deutschen Studierenden eine statistische Untersuchung $\"{u}ber$ die Grundwortstellung des Objekts und der Adverbien des Deutschen und $\"{u}ber$ ihre $Ver\"{a}nderungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ in Bezug auf die Verbposition. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass die Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert. Die temporalen Adverbien gehen z.B. dem Objekt vor, $w\"{a}hrend$ die lokalen Adverbien generell hinter dem Objekt stehen. Im Gegensatz zum Ergebnis von Song (1993) wurde aber fesgestellt, dass im Deutschen die Wortfolge 'Objekt + Adverb' eher die vorherrschendere ist, als die von 'Adverb + Objekt'. Hier sollte man aber klarmachen, dass man dabei fast keine absolut bevorzugte Grundwortstellung festlegen konnte, sondem dass sie eher je nach dem Sprecher sehr variiert. Im Vergleich mit dem Koreanischen, wo die Grundwortstellung zwischen dem Objekt und Adverbien nicht schwankend ist, ist es dem Deutschen charakteristisch, dass diese Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert und auch je nach dem Sprecher schwankend ist. Die Wortstellung des Deutschen kontrastiert sich auch gegen die des Englischen, in dem das Objekt konsistent den Adverbien vorgeht. Diese Ergebnisse waren $f\"{u}r$ DaF in Korea sinnvoll, wo das Englische als die erste und das Deutsche als die zweite Fremdsprache gelehrt werden und die Lemenden im Deutschunterricht nicht nur ihre Muttersprache, sondern auch das Englische als Bezugspunkt nehmen. Durch die Umfragen hat es sich nun ergeben, dass die Grundwortstellung des Deutschen auch mit der Verbposition $zusammenh\"{a}ngt$. D.h., im Deutschen, wo das Verb an der zweiten Stelle oder am Ende des Satzes vorkommen kann, kann die Wortstellung von der Verbposition beeinflusst werden. Unter den verbfinalen Strukturen zeigt sich in den $Nebens\"{a}tzen\;die\;M\"{o}glichkeit\;der\;Wortfolgever\"{a}nderung$ deutlicher als in den $Modalverbs\"{a}tzen$ oder in den perfektiven$S\"{a}tzen$.
송경안,Song Kyung-An Korean Society For German Linguistics/Koreanische 2002 독어학 Vol.5 No.-
이 글은 문법화의 관점에서 관사, 비인칭구문, 재귀동사 구문을 독일어와 우리말을 중심으로 비교하였다. 우리말의 경우 관사의 범주가 아직 문법 화하지는 않았지만 수사 '하나/한'은 서양 언어에 못지 않게 다양한 문법적 기능으로 발전하였다. 독일어의 정관사나 대명사에 해당되는 요소는 우리말에서 자주 생략된다. 비인칭구문도 유럽언어의 특징인데 독일어의 경우 이는 지시대명사에서 문법 화한 것이다. 우리말의 경우 비인칭구문은 문법 화하지 않았으며 이를 위해 우리말은 주어생략 통 다른 문법적 기재들을 사용한다. 독일어에는 또 재귀구문이 잘 발달되어 있는데 우리말은 재귀구문이 그렇게 다양하게 문법 화되지 않았다 한편 우리말의 재귀사는 다양한 지시적 기능을 발전시켰다. 즉 이들은 순수하게 재귀적으로 쓰이는 경우 이외에 문장 내적 혹은 문장 외적 지시사로 사용되고 있으며 부분적으로 독일어의 man과 같은 부정대명사의 기능도 가지고 있다.
송경안 ( Kyung An Song ) 대한언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.23 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to compare the structure of functional words in German, English and French. I-listorically the English language has mainly been influenced by the German and French languages. We might say that the English vocabulary is composed of two strata, a thin base layer of Germanic covered with a thick Rornanic upper strattun. The functional words are a part of the basic vocabulary and so English functional words are expected to be basically of Germanic origin, which is proved statistically in this paper. All the pronominal words, wh-words, article words and modal auxiliaries in English are of Germanic origin. The deictic and connective words of English are also basically of Germanic origin. However, the situation of prepositions is slightly different. "While the locative prepositions, which might be considered to be some of the most basic ones, are, like the other functional words mentioned, Germanic in their origin. The other prepositions are of mixed origins. They are partly Germanic and partly Romanic. In morphological structure the German functional words show the most conservative character; they are mainly simple structure words of Germanic origin which have been granunaticalized through the language``s long history. In contrast the French functional words frequently have a complex structure which developed from Latin in relatively recent times. English now shows a mixed nature of the other two languages; it basically retains the conservative character of the Germanic language, but it has also many complex functional words which seem to have developed more recently.
독일어 역접표현 aber("but")의한국어, 영어 대응양상에 관한 통계적 연구
송경안 ( Kyung An Song ) 대한언어학회 2014 언어학 Vol.22 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to contrast the German adversative particle aber(‘but’) with its correspondings in Korean and English. This study has identified two common points in the three languages. Firstly, it was often the case that an adversative connective in one language has no corresponding counterparts in another language. It means that adversativity can be expressed without a explicit linguistic form. Secondly, the simple conjuntive markers and/und have been often found in the place of the adversative connectives but/aber, which means that these conjunctions can also express adversativity. Some differences were also found among the three languages. For the functions of German aber, 6 different expressions are used in English, whereas for English but, 12 different forms are used in German. It implies that the adversative expressions are more specified in German than in English. In Korean they are even more specified than in German: for German aber, 18 corresponings are found in Korean.