통일 후 북한 주민 대상 경제금융 교육에 관한 연구: 행태경제학 관점을 중심으로

손정국,김영민 국제문화기술진흥원 2021 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.2

Unification means the change of the economic system from ‘Planned Economy’ of the North Korea to ‘Market Economy’ of the South Korea. Therefore, it may cause confusions and difficulties for North Koreans who have been under planned economy for ages. So, we need to take the perspective of behavioral economics for the effective education. First of all, it is about overall finance, which contains the record of financial transactions, effect of inflation, investors’ bounded rationality, and choice difficulty of financial products. Second, it is about borrowings, which includes the credit management, interest rate of difference among financial institutions. Third, it is about investment on financial products, which includes the effect of cost on returns, difference between compound interest and simple interest, trade-off between expected return and risk, market and non-market risks, the importance of diversification, and passive & aggressive investments. 통일은 북한이 유지했던 계획경제 체계를 포기하고 시장경제 체제로 바꾸는 것으로 수십 년 동안 계획경제 체제 하에서 살았던 북한 주민들에게는 큰 혼란과 어려움을 야기할 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 공감대를 얻고 있는 행태경제학(Behavioral Economics)의 관점을 반영할 필요가 있다. 구체적으로 선정한 교육내용은 ① 금융 전반(금융내역 기록하기, 인플레이션의 영향, 현대 금융투자시장에서 상품 선택의 물리적 어려움, 금융투자자의 제한적 합리성 등) ② 대출(개인 신용 관리, 금융권별 대출금리 차이 등) ③ 금융투자(비용이 수익률에 미치는 영향, 복리와 단리의 차이, 기대수익과 위험의 상관관계, 투자위험 유형, 분산투자의 중요성, 적극적 투자와 소극적 투자 등)이다. 다만, 각 내용의 깊이와 넓이는 북한 주민들이 직관적으로 이해할 수 있는 최소한도로 한다. 이러한 직관적이고 기본적인 금융교육을 통해 필수적인 금융지식을 갖춘 다음 구체적인 금융의사결정은 독립투자자문업자(Independent Financial Adviser, IFA)와 상의(자문)받도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 즉, 최소한의 경제·금융지식을 갖추는데 필요한 직관적인 내용으로 국한하고 의사결정은 IFA를 활용하는 것이 합리적임을 교육하는 것이다. 이러한 ‘직관적 기본 금융 교육 + 독립투자자문업자(IFA)’ 결합 모형은 통일후 북한 주민을 대상으로 하는 경제금융교육에 소요되는 시간과 노력을 크게 줄이면서 효과를 극대화할 수 있을 것이다.

Diels-Alder Cycloaddition of Cyclopentadiene with Ethylacrylate Catalyzed by Mesoporous Al-MCM-48 and Al-MCM-41 Catalysts

손정국,심재의,다커산토쉬,고은미,공수성,최지윤,강민,Bidyut Kumar Senapati,최두성,류도현,김지만 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.10

In the present work, Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with ethylacrylate has been carried out by using two types of mesoporous solid acid catalysts (Al-MCM-41, Al-MCM-48) with different pore structures. The specific topology of Al-MCM-48 (cubic Ia3d structure composed of two independent 3-D channel systems) exhibit higher activity and stereo-control than those of Al-MCM-41 (hexagonal packing of 1-D channels). The physical properties of Al-MCM-48 catalyst, such as high accessibility of reactants to the acid sites, spatial confinement in the nanoscopic reactors, and 3-D channel network structure that are effective adsorption and diffusion of reactants, play a crucial role in the present study.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides Using Hybrid Gemini Surfactants

손정국,이승환,유이열,이재의,차국헌,김지만 한국공업화학회 2004 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2004 No.1

P-895 : Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides Using Hybrid Gemini Surfactants

손정국,이승환,유이열,이재의,차국헌,김지만 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.2

Ordered mesoporous materials, obtained by the favorable self-assembly between organic templates and inorganic precursors, have opened many new possibilities for applications in catalysis, separation, and nano-science due to their large, controllable pore sizes, high surface areas and easy functionalization. The nature of organic templates is one of the most important factors to design and synthesize the mesoporous materials. The synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides has been less successful and most research in this field have been focused on the silica as a framework constituent, even though mesoporous materials derived from transition metal oxides are expected to be quite useful for lots of applications. One difficulty lies in a facile crystallization of most metal oxides, accompanied by structural collapse, during the mesostructure formations and the removal of organic templates. Here, we describe a new type of Gemini surfactant containing siloxane moiety, which can yield highly stable mesoporous metal oxides after the removal of the surfactant via the nanopropping pathway.

투자자교육 여부가 금융역량에 미치는 영향 분석

손정국,유진,김영민 한국금융학회 2017 금융연구 Vol.31 No.4

Increasing attention and concern have been paid to financial capability worldwide since the world financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis. Financial capability denotes not only financial knowledge but also financial actions and financial attitudes as well. In short, financial capability encompasses a wide range of factors such as financial actions or attitudes to enable rational financial decision makings. We, for the first time, examine the effects of investor education on financial capability such as financial knowledge, attitudes and actions, employing Investor Survey of Korea Financial Investors Protection Foundation conducted in 2007 and 2016. Specifically, we examine whether financial education improves consistently investors’ financial capability aforementioned. We use knowledge of funds and of general finance as the proxies for financial knowledge, expected returns and loss tolerance as those for financial attitudes, and the ratio of risky financial assets to total financial assets and economic retirement preparation as those for financial actions, respectively, which are based on existing literature such as OECD. T-tests and regression analyses are used. Our findings are as follows. First, the 2007 Survey shows that there is a significant difference in the means, or average values, of both fund knowledge and loss tolerance, whereas there is no such difference in expected returns. Also, the ratio of risky assets and economic preparation for retirement is higher or better for those who have been educated on finance than others. Second, the 2016 Survey shows that these educated financial consumers have a higher mean of fund knowledge than others but not so in financial knowledge. The former do have a higher mean in loss tolerance but not in expected returns. Although they do not have a higher mean of the ratio of risky assets, they do prepare better for their post-retirement lives. All these combined results imply that financial education do not consistently affect financial knowledge, financial attitudes or financial actions. In additon, this inconsistency strengthens even in 2016, when there are more educated consumers. This might be due to the ineffectiveness of current financial education. Besides, financial consumers’ level of education or that of monthly income or wealth affect whether they are educated on financial capability or not in the Surveys both in 2007 and in 2016. This might imply that consumers who have financial knowledge or have been investing in financial assets are more likely to get financial education than others. All these outcomes show that current financial education should be changed for effectiveness. 본 논문은 한국금융투자자보호재단의 2007년 및 2016년 투자자서베이를 이용하여 국내연구로는최초로 투자자교육이 투자자들의 금융역량 즉 금융지식, 금융태도, 금융행동에 일관적으로 차이를가져오는지 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. OECD 등 기존연구를 바탕으로 금융지식으로는펀드지식 및 일반금융지식, 금융태도로는 투자에 대한 기대수익률 및 손실감내율, 금융행동으로는금융자산 중 투자자산 비중 및 경제적 노후준비 여부 등을 대용변수로 사용하였다. 주요 분석결과는다음과 같다. 첫째, 2007년에는 투자자교육을 받은 사람들의 펀드 지식과 금융행동이 다른 사람들의그것들보다 평균적으로(유의하게) 높았다. 반면 손실감내율 평균은 낮았고 기대수익률은 차이가없었다. 회귀분석 결과도 금융교육이 펀드 지식, 금융행동에 영향을 미치지만 금융태도에는 영향이없는 것으로 나타났다. 2016년에는 투자자교육을 받은 사람들이 손실감내율만 평균적으로 높았고노후준비는 평균적으로 낮았다. 또한 펀드지식, 기대수익률, 그리고 투자자산 비중은 차이가없었으나 일반금융지식은 평균적으로 높았다. 회귀분석 결과도 금융교육이 손실감내율, 금융행동에는 영향을 미치지만 펀드지식, 일반금융지식, 기대수익률에는 영향을 못미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 2007년에 비해 투자자교육이 더 많이 실행된 2016년에 이러한 비일관성이 더 심화된 것으로나타났다. 또 2007년과 2016년 모두 교육수준 및 월 소득이나 재산이 투자자교육에 양(+)의 영향을주는 것으로 나타나 투자지식이 있거나 이미 투자를 하고 있는 사람들이 투자자교육을 받을개연성도 있다. 더불어 투자자교육이 금융지식, 금융태도, 금융행동에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로나타났다. 이 같은 결과는 실효성을 위해서는 기존 투자자 교육을 개선할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

양양P/P 펌핑 중 발생한 외란에 대한 계통동요현상 분석 및 안정화 대책 수립에 관한 연구

손정국(Jung-Kuk Son),김진이(Jin-Yi Kim),조종만(Jong-Man Jo) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

양양양수는 282MVA급 발진설비 4기로 총 발전설비 용량은1,128㎿이며 발전설비에서 생산되는 발전량은 345㎸ 양양양수 #1,2T/L을 통하여 동해S/S로 송전되고 있다. 본 논문은 양양양수 4대 펌핑 중 345㎸ 양양양수#2T/L의 휴전으로 취약해진 전력계통에서 수분간 지속된 계통동요현상을 분석하고 이에 대한 대책을 수립함으로써 향후 안정적인 계통운영에 기여하고자 함이다.

나노포러스 박막의 구조 조절 및 온도 센싱 기능 부여 연구

손정국 ( Jeong Kuk Shon ),공수성 ( Soo Sung Kong ),황성희 ( Seong Hee Hwang ),김지만 ( Ji Man Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2008 공학기술논문지 Vol.1 No.2

Highly porous materials such as mesoporous oxides have generated considerable interests as a consequence of their high surface areas, unusual stability, prccessability, well developed pores with narrow size distribution. Mesoporous silica thin film is used for various application. Especially, the thin film can be applied for support of sensing molecules that gives optical signals due to the transparent property. Here, we report the temperature sensing applicability of mesoporous silica thin film after the immobilization of various kinds of dyes, such as Rhodamine B, phenophtalein, Safarnin O and so on, within the mesopores.

漕艇競技 記錄向上을 爲한 Pitch와 Range의 比較 硏究

孫正國 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 1983 體力科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

This study is attempted to know which is the better of the two methods under the same physique, physical strength and conditions, The one-when the number of pitch amounts to 38 per minute, and the length of range reach to 139.5cm, The other the number of pitch is 32 per minute, and the length of range is 151.5cm. I have measured and surveyed one team of Kun San Dong High School who has been composed of 4 crew as the object of my study. After comparative analyse of these two methods, I have obtained the following conclusion. 1. The latter is 20 numbers fewer in the whole number of pitch, averagely rows 12㎝ longer in the length of range. This shows that the latter totally works 990㎝ more than the former. 2. In the movement distance of blade (353.25㎝) every pitch, the latter is 34㎝ longer than the former (319.25㎝), totally 12.85m longer, and drive 21.93 seconds much more in rowing time. These make the record better in driving force of boat. 3. The latter goes forward 0.785m longer per pitch. This shows the latter hold better in operation efficiency. 4. According to the experimental records which was performed 20 times, the latter is 14.5 seconds faster in low record, 12.4 seconds in high record, 13.01 seconds in average. This proved to us that we had better play the event in the way of the latter method. 5. According to the practical event, the former was defeated 3 times, while the latter became winner 2 times. This shows the race-working methords of the latter is better than that of the former.

수요자원의 시장연계를 위한 수요시장 입찰 참여방식의 연구

손정국(Jung-kuk Shon),양민승(Min-soung Yang) 대한전기학회 2011 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7

ʻ교육에서 자문으로ʼ의 사전적 금융소비자 보호방식의 패러다임 변화 모색

손정국(Shon, Jung Gook),성희활(Seong, Hye Hwal) 한국증권법학회 2014 증권법연구 Vol.15 No.1

이 논문은 최근 영국에서 전개되어 온 사전적 금융소비자 보호체계의 패러다임 변화를 자세히 살펴보고, 이어서 우리나라 금융소비자보호법 제정(안)에 나타나 있는 금융교육과 중립적 금융상품자문업 등을 비교 검토한 후, 향후 바람직한 사전적 금융소비자 보호방식을 모색하고자 한 것이다. 영국의 경우 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 금융산업에 대한 규제철학의 패러다임변화가 발생하였다고 평가된다. 기존에는 금융혁신과 합리적 인간에 대한 신뢰를 바탕으로 자율규제를 중심으로 한 최소규제를 추구하였다. 그러나 금융위기 이후 투자은행의 높은 실적이 금융혁신으로 인한 것이라기보다는 다른 부문의 이익을 빼앗은 것이라는 시각이 대두하였고, 합리적 인간상을 바탕에 둔 교육 및 공시주의와 자기책임원칙도 행동경제학적 관점에서 인간의 비합리성을 무시한 이상론이었다는 반성이 있었다. 그리하여 사전적 금융소비자 보호장치의 개선을 도모하여 금융교육의 비중을 줄이고, 금융상품의 단순성을 유도하는 한편, 독립적인 금융상품자문기능을 강화하는 쪽으로 규제 패러다임을 전환하였다. 우리나라의 경우 현재 금융소비자보호법 제정(안)이 국회에 계류 중인데, 금융소비자보호를 위한 기본법을 제정하는 것은 영국의 사례를 감안할 때 시의적절한 것이 라고 평가하고, 다만 보다 바람직한 사전적 금융소비자보호 체계 수립을 위하여 몇 가지 보완사항을 제시하였다. 첫째, 금융교육은 기대만큼 효과가 크지 않으므로 자원배분의 효율성을 도모할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 금융상품에 대한 비교공시와 소비자보고서의 역할 강화가 필요하다. 셋째, 금융상품자문 기능의 효율적 운용을 위하여 공적 기관의 자문기능을 도입하되 범용자문(Generic advice)을 중심으로 하고, 맞춤형의 전문적 자문은 금융상품자문업자에게 맡기되 이들의 독립성을 제고하기 위한 재정적?정책적 지원방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. This article deals with a desirable priori financial consumer protection way. For this, it, first, reviews a recent paradigm shift in the priori financial consumer protection mechanism in the UK and compares some measures, mainly financial education and Independent financial advisors, of the UK system with those in a proposal for the enactment of ?Financial consumers Protection Act? in Korea. The UK has gone through a paradigm shift in the regulatory philosophy for the financial industry since the global financial crisis in 2008. The country had pursued as possible as a small regulation with generally focusing on self-regulation based on the trust in "financial innovation" and the concept of a "reasonable investor". The UK has, however, thought that the success of IBs was not from the financial innovation but rather came from takeover of profits in other areas since the global financial crisis. In addition, financial education, disclosure philosophy, and self-responsibility based on the concept of a "reasonable investor" have been regarded as just idealism remote from reality given the irrationality of the human beings in the viewpoint of behavioral economics. Consequently, the country has reformed, and made a paradigm shift in, the priori financial consumer protection way like giving less focus on the financial education, inducing much more simplified financial products, and enlarging the financial advisory function. Given the situation in the UK, the enactment of ?Financial consumers Protection Act? by the Korean government seems to be well timed. The government and the Congress, however, needs to consider some supplementary measures to the priori financial consumers protection way. First, considering the ineffectiveness of financial education, resources are expected to be distributed more efficiently to other areas. Second, much more focuses are expected on comparative disclosures and consumer reports on the financial products. Finally, there is a need for a generic advice by public organizations to intensify the financial advisory function in general. In case of more complicated and customized advice, it has better been supplied by professional financial advisory companies. The government and the Congress need to devise ways to support those companies for securing the independence of them that is an essential element for the desirable consumer protection.