성령의 은사론

손원배 총신대학신학대학원 1985 국내석사

지르토니아의 다양한 표면처리에 따른 지르코니아 표면 특성 및 지르코니아 코어와 베니어 세라믹 사이의 디본딩/크랙 개시 정도

손원배 연세대학교 2020 국내석사

화재조사 실태분석을 통한 제도 개선 방안에 관한 연구

손원배 韓京大學校 電子政府大學院 2006 국내석사

The contemporary society has been making great strides of advancement of science and technology and drastic changes in sophisticated social structure. The causes of the fires have become so complicated and diversified that specialization of fire investigation has been strongly needed in Korean society. With the implementation of the Product Liability Act (PL Act) from July 1, 2002, the importance of the fire investigation has been heightened. However, the reliability of the result of the fire investigation has yet to earn the trust from people because of the lack of specialization on the fire investigation. Fire investigation is a field that requires specialized field with high degree of difficulty that cannot be executed by a third party when undertaking the site investigation and preparing for the report. It is a very important work in the aspect of responding to investigation and interrogatories as a witness, who appear in the court. When a legal dispute is proceeded, it includes the damage compensation claim and others, and after the completion of the investigation, the action plan for the future fire prevention and the data management and others. However, the fire investigation, that lacks the scientific analysis of fire causes and damages, results in the repetition of the procedure. Therefore, there is a growing need for the establishment of specialized investigation institutions. The purpose of this thesis is to raise issues related to fire investigation and to present the improvement plan for the investigation system, which can enhance trust and love of people by securing the specialty. This study focuses on the improvement of the lackadaisical investigation works in fire service field, including the lack of assessment institutions, insufficient specialization, absence of adjudication right on the people purposely causing fire or negligently causing fire, on the basis of the reality analysis of the current fire investigation system. With the above points of views, comprehensive analysis and review are made from the theoretical background on the operation of the fire investigation system, personnel organization and work division, education curriculums for the fire school, relevant laws and regulations, fire investigation operation system in Japan and others, investigation support system, questionnaire investigation and interview and others. As a result of investigation and analysis, the following problems are found including the lack of specialization in fire investigation, realistically irrational provisions on fire investigation and report regulation, lack of information inquiry system on the property subject for fire, absence of adjudication right on persons committing fire with intention or negligence, lack of responsive system in times of legal dispute and others. As alternatives to the above-mentioned problems, improvement plans are presented: hiring the government employees on fire service by securing the specialization with the establishment of fire investigation field and implementing the consigned education in pertinent college, specialized assessment institution (Fire Science Research Center), abolition of irrational fire investigation and extension of the report period under the report provision, structuring of information inquiry system to facilitate the computer network of administrative institution with its fire investigation department (investigation staff) on the subject for fire, securing of adjudication right on persons committing fire with intention or negligence and introduction of compensation system on the witness of fire investigation.

지르코니아의 다양한 표면처리에 따른 지르코니아 표면 특성 및 지르코니아 코어와 베니어 세라믹 사이의 디본딩/크랙 개시강도

손원배 연세대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

근래 지르코니아와 베니어 세라믹 사이의 결합력 개선을 위해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 이러한 결합 메커니즘을 최적화하기 위해 물리/화학적 표면처리방법을 적용하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 지르코니아 표면의 다양한 표면처리에 의한 베니어 세라믹과 지르코니아 코어 사이의 결합력을 비교하고 효과적인 표면처리 방법을 제안하는데 있다. 지르코니아 블록을 동시 5축 장비로 가공한 후 소결하고여 표면 거칠기와, 접촉각 측정 및 표면 관찰을 위하여하여 20.0 mm × 15.0 mm × 5.0 mm의 시편을 45개 제작하였다. 또한 ISO 9693-2에 의거하여 디본딩/크랙 개시강도 실험을 위한 시편을 25.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 0.5 mm 크기로 30개 제작하였다. 모든 시편은 임상에서의 방법과 같이 abrasive stone point 를 사용하여 35,000 rpm 속도로 좌우 왕복 50회에 걸쳐 연마를 시행하였다. 1군은 아무 처리도 하지 않은 군 (Control), 2군은 alumina sandblasting 처리군 (AS), 3군은 hydrofluoric acid etching 처리군 (HE) 으로 나누었다. 준비한 시편은 표면 거칠기와 접촉각을 측정하였고, 전자현미경으로 표면을 관찰하였다. 디본딩/크랙 개시강도 실험을 위해 처리된 3종의 지르코니아 시편의 중앙부에 8.0 mm X 3.0 mm X 1.1 mm 길이로 이장재와 베니어 세라믹을 축성하고 소성한 후 결합강도를 측정하였다. 표면거칠기 (Ra), 접촉각 및 디본딩/크랙 개시강도 측정값은 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 일원분산분석 (One-way ANONA test)을 하였고 다중비교검정 (Tukey’s multiple comparison test) 사후분석을 시행하였다 (p < 0.05). 각각의 실험 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.거칠기는 대조군에서 0.60±0.08, AS군에서 0.56±0.06이었으며, HE 군에서 0.47±0.07로 나타났다. 대조군과 AS군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (p>0.05), HE군은 대조군 및 AS 군과 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 2.접촉각은 대조군에서 75.93±2.98로 가장 큰 값을 나타냈고 AS군에서 41.54±1.27, HE군에서 2.68±1.22 순서로 낮은 값을 보였다. 모든 그룹들 간에서 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 3.SEM을 이용한 표면 관찰에서 대조군은 연마형태가 그대로 노출된 표면형상을 보였으며 매우 거친 표면으로 분석되었다. 하지만 AS군은 알루미나 입자의 충돌에 의해 abrasive stone point의 연마자국이 모두 소실되며 표면 거칠기가 감소한 형태를 나타내었다. HE 군은 연마면의 가장 높은 끝단은 모두 용해되었고 미세한 구멍이 형성된 형상을 나타내었다. 4.지르코니아와 베니어 세라믹과의 디본딩/크랙 개시강도는 대조군에서 20.63±6.25 MPa, AS군에서 21.50±3.41 MPa, HE군에서 22.00±3.15 MPa 로 나타났으며, 모든 그룹들간의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 이상의 결과로 지르코니아의 다양한 표면처리는 지르코니아 표면의 거칠기와 접촉각에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 이장재를 사용하는 경우 지르코니아와 베니어 세라믹간의 디본딩/크랙 개시 강도는 대조군과 실험군 사이에 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 이것은 이장재가 지르코니아 표면 거칠기와 접촉각 변화와 같은 물리적인 표면특성과 관계 없이 두 세라믹간의 결합력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되었다. 따라서, 이장재를 사용하는 경우, 임상에서 사용되는 abrasive stone point의 연마만으로도 지르코니아와 베니어 세라믹간의 충분한 결합력을 얻을 수 있으므로 추가적인 샌드블라스팅과 산부식이 불필요할 것으로 사료된다. Recently, there are many studies to improve the bonding strength between zirconia and veneer ceramics, and the physical/chemical surface treatment methods are introduced to optimize the coupling mechanism. The purpose of this study is to compare the bonding strength between zirconia cores and veneer ceramics according to the various surface treatments of zirconia surfaces and to propose an effective surface treatment method. The zirconia blocks were processed with simultaneous 5-axis milling machine and sintered to produce 45 specimens of 20.0 mm × 15.0 mm × 5.0 mm for the surface roughness, contact angle measurement and surface morphology observation. In addition, 30 specimens (25.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 0.5 mm) were prepared for de-bonding/cracking-initiation strength test according to ISO 9693-2. All specimens were grinded using abrasive stone point to simulate the clinical procedure. Group 1 was a ground surface group (Control), group 2 was a sandblasted surface group (AS), group 3 was an etched surface group by hydrofluoric acid (HE). The prepared specimens were measured for surface roughness and contact angle and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. De-bonding/crack-initiation was measured after layering and firing the veneer ceramic for the length of 8.0 mm × 3.0 mm × 1.1 mm in the center of three kinds of zirconia specimens. Surface roughness (Ra), contact angle and de-bonding/crack-initiation strength were analyzed by one-way ANONA test using SPSS statistical program, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (P < 0.05). The results of each experiment were as follows. 1. Surface roughness was showed 0.60 ± 0.08 in the control group, 0.56 ± 0.06 in the AS group, and 0.47 ± 0.07 in the HE group. There was no significant difference between the control group and the AS group (p> 0.05), however the HE group was significantly different from the control group and the AS group (p <0.05). 2. The contact angle was observed 75.93 ± 2.98 in the control group, 41.54 ± 1.27 in the AS group, and 2.68 ± 1.22 in the HE group. There was a significant difference among all groups (p <0.05). 3. In surface observation using SEM, the control group showed the grinding marks and very rough surface. However, the AS group showed that the grinding marks lost due to the collision of alumina particles and the surface roughness decreased. In the HE group, the highest edges of the ground surface were dissolved and the surface exhibited a shape in which fine pores were formed. 4. De-bonding/crack-initiation strength between zirconia and veneer ceramics was 20.63 ± 6.25 MPa in the control group, 21.50 ± 3.41 MPa in the AS group and 22.00 ± 3.15 MPa in the HE group. There was no significant difference among all groups (p>0.05). As a result, it was confirmed that various surface treatments of zirconia may affect the surface roughness and contact angle. However, there was no significant difference in the de-bonding/crack-initiation strength between zirconia and veneer ceramics. It was considered that the liner influences the de-bonding/crack-initiation strength between the two ceramic surfaces regardless of the physical surface properties such as zirconia surface roughness and contact angle. Therefore, additional sand blasting and hydrofluoric acid treatments might be unnecessary because the appropriate bonding between zirconia and veneer ceramics can be obtained by applying liner onto zirconia surface which is ground using an abrasive stone point.

인적 재난대응 과정에서 나타난 정책학습과 정책변동

손원배 인천대학교 일반대학원 2013 국내박사

Sol-gel synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.7 Ta0.3)O3 nanotubes and nanowires using anodic aluminum oxide templates

손원배 Graduate School, Korea University 2013 국내석사

본 연구에서는 양극산화알루미늄 형판을 이용하여 탄탈륨이 첨가된 포타슘소듐나이오베이트 나노튜브들과 나노와이어들을 졸겔 공정으로 합성하였다. 전자주사현미경 을 통해 속이 비어있는 나노튜브들과 비어있지 않는 나노와이어들의 형태를 관찰하였으며, 각각의 길이도 확인하였다. 촬영된 전자투과현미경사진과 SAED 패턴을 통해 다결정 구조를 갖는 나노튜브, 나노와이어 각각의 면들의 격자간격을 확인하였으며, 모양이 곧은 나노튜브에 비해 약간 휘어진 모양의 나노와이어를 관찰하였다. 가루 형태의 시편의 엑스레이 회절패턴분석을 통해 나노튜브, 나노와이어의 구조를 확인하였다. 전구 물질의 비율을 조절하여 합성되는 나노튜브들의 길이와 조성을 확인하였다. 전자주사현미경을 통해 전구 물질의 비율을 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1 : 1 로 조절하였을 때 합성되는 나노튜브들을 확인하였다. EDX 를 통해 합성된 나노튜브들의 조성이 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 0.46 : 1 로써, 원하는 1 : 1 의 조성에 부합하지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 가루 형태의 시편의 엑스레이 회절패턴 분석을 통해 원하지 않은 상들이 합성된 것을 확인하였다. 다음 단계로, 전구 물질의 비율을 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1.5 : 1, 2 : 1, 2.2 : 1, 3가지로 조절하여 나노튜브들을 합성하였다. 전자주사현미경 을 통해 K + Na 의 비율이 증가할수록 합성되는 나노튜브들의 길이가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. EDX 를 통해서 전구 물질의 비율이 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 2.2 : 1 일 때, 합성되는 나노튜브들의 조성이 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1.03 : 1 로써, 1 : 1 에 가장 근접하는 조성비를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 전구 물질의 비율이 K + Na : Nb + Ta = 2.2 : 1 일 때, 나노튜브들의 길이가 짧다는 단점을 해결하기 위해 다단계 합성 공정을 통해, 충분히 큰 종횡비를 갖는 탄탈륨이 첨가된 포타슘소듐나이오베이트 나노튜브들을 합성하였다. We synthesized (K0.5,Na0.5)(Nb0.7,Ta0.3)O3 using Anodic Aluminum Oxide templates by Sol-Gel process. We could find morphologies of nanotubes which have empty inner space, nanowires which don’t have, and also confirmed their lengths through SEM images. By TEM images, and SAED patterns, lattice parameters of each plane of polycrystalline nanotubes, nanowires were estimated, and the morphologies of straight nanotubes, slightly curved nanorwires were observed. We confirmed Pseudo-cubic structure of synthesized nanotubes, nanowires through XRD pattern. We confirmed lengths, compositions of synthesized nanotubes, nanowires by controlling precursor ratio (K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1 : 1 or 1.5 : 1 or 2 : 1 or 2.2 : 1). When we controlled the precursor ratio K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1 : 1, we could observe synthesized nanotubes through SEM images. By using EDX, we could find the composition of synthesized nanotubes was K + Na : Nb + Ta = 0.46 : 1 which is not matched with 1 : 1 that we wanted. And other phases whose X-ray diffraction patterns are not matched with (K0.5,Na0.5)(Nb0.7,Ta0.3)O3 were observed in XRD pattern. Next, we synthesized nanotubes controlling precursor ratio K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1.5 : 1, 2 : 1, 2.2 : 1. We confirmed that the larger precursor ratio of K + Na was, the shorter lengths of nanotubes were through SEM images. And we also found that the composition of synthesized nanotubes was K + Na : Nb + Ta = 1.03 : 1 which closest to 1 : 1, when precursor ratio was K + Na : Nb + Ta = 2.2 : 1. However, in this precursor ratio, the lengths of nanotubes were not enough large. To solve this problem, we obtained (K0.5,Na0.5)(Nb0.7,Ta0.3)O3 nanotubes using multi-step process.

Wavelength dependent UV visualization by down-shifting metasurfaces

손원배 Graduate School, Korea University 2020 국내박사

Frequency conversion from ultraviolet (UV) to visible light via down-shifting (DS) materials has a wide variation for contributing to the areas of optoelectronics and photonics. The functionalities of changing the emitted colors depending on the wavelength of incident UV light would considerably contribute to scientific research and technological applications. We demonstrated a novel strategy for visualization of UV by combining nanoimprint lithography and a sol-gel process. The principles of trichromacy of human vision are applied; three DS materials responding to separated ranges of UV light are triply nanopatterned to imitate the three types of photoreceptor cells in the human eye. Each DS material then emits a distinctive color that can be detected by three types of cone cells for visualization of UV light. The fabricated nanostructure significantly improves the luminescence by Mie scattering and separately places the three kinds of DS materials, then minimizing undesirable optical interference. The carefully designed triply patterned DS materials show various emission colors ranging from green, to orange, to pink as a function of the spectral position of the incident UV light. On the other hand, optical metamaterials, metasurfaces are emerged as promising ways to provide special electromagnetic properties and control the behavior of light that are not found in conventional materials. Light-emitting metasurfaces with functionalities such as enhanced luminescence, direction shaping have been investigated recently. In the most of former researches, non-fluorescent nanoantennas have been used for the resonant coupling of the light field in the light-emitting metasurfaces. We reported simple fabrication of single structured DS metasurfaces composed of lanthanide ion doped oxides using sol-gel and nanoimprint lithography process. Compared to former researches, our result has some advantages in low manufacturing cost and simple fabrication steps. Moreover, optical resonance was tuned for luminescence control of the DS metasurfaces. We believe our demonstrated research could improve the applicability of thin DS layer in the field of nanophotonics.