한국 환경농업의 성공적 정착을 위한 정책적 및 기술적 접근과제

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ),정길생 ( Kil Saeng Chung ) 한국유기농업학회 1997 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

This study aims to point out the basic strategy of agrotechnical and -political approaches toward successful settling for the environmental agriculture system in Korea. Although environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program were released in 1996, some scientist from environmental agriculture and organic agriculture still argue on the errors of it’s strategy and action program in terms of environmental sound function. Especially it’s strategy and action program of government did not focus the reduction of fertilizer and pesticide as the matters of weight and importance to realize an environmental sound agriculture system. And korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute, because 1) they do not practice of Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex draft, and 2) organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects of organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and avoidance of agricultural chemicals. In the paper it is discussed the necessity, purpose, effect and consequence of basic standard for korean organic agriculture. The reformation of the certification system and the direct payment system in environmental agriculture & forestry strategy toward the 21st century and it's action program by government, and on the need of the teaching program and curriculum in high education institution, the breeding program of resistant cultivars, the soil testing for optimum fertilization strategy, the nutrient management program, the declaration for 2020 environmental agriculture are also discussed.

국제유기농업 기본규약상의 잡초방제 규정

손상목 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),채제천 ( Ll Chae Je-cheon ),김영호 ( Kime Yong-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

This study aims to point out what is the basic idea and principle of weed control in organic farming. The korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute on weed control, be'cause 1) they do not practice the Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO!WHO Codex Guidelines{draft), and 2) Korean organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects for organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean just the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and avoidance of agricultural chemicals without practicing on rotation, cropping system and so on. As a consequence. organic farmers in Korea are suffering from hard labor to control the weed. In the paper it is discussed on organical weed control method which are required in the Basic Standard of IFOAM and guidelined in the Organic Production Principles of F AO/WHO Codex draft. and furthermore the single or combination effect of those method are also discussed. In conclusion it is suggested the necessity. purpose. and effect of the introduction of the basic standard ta korean organic agriculture including organical weed control.

채소 모재료의 종류, 수확시기별, 부위별 혼합비율, 저장조건 및 생산회사에 따른 녹즙의 NO₃^-함량 차이

孫尙穆 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),尹智詠 ( Yoon Ji-young ) 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

After the consumption of green vegetable juice by Korean increase rapidly, the NO₃^- intake through green vegetable juice have been ignored to consider for the calculation of daily NO₃^- intake. It is necessary to collect the basic data on the NO₃^- content in green vegetable juice by different sorts. harvesting time and mixing rate of vegetable, manufacturers and storage conditions for the next calculation of daily NO₃^- intake for Korean. Followings are the research results from monitoring and laboratory experiment related with NO₃^- and vitamine C in green vegetable juice. The NO₃^- content of angelica plant(tomorrow’s leaf) and kale were higher in spring than those in summer and autumn. The highest value of NO₃^- cont ent in tomorrow’s leaf and kale were 4.85 and 2.94 times higher compare to the lowest value. The average NO₃^- content in tomorrow’s leaf and kale are 1,731ppm and 5403ppm respectively. The NO₃^- content in the midribs of tomorrow’s leaf and kale were 7.5 and 2.1 times higher than those in leafblades. It indicate the green vegetable juice made from leadblade of tomorrow’ s 1eaf and kale might be better compare to those from midrib in terms of NO₃^- content. The content of NO₃^- and vitamine C as affected by the timecourse after juice making were decreased rapidly compare to those by storage temperature in case of carrot. kale and cucumber juice. IIt show the positive correlation between the content of NO₃^- and vitamine C in carrot, kale and cucumber juice regardless of room temperature(20˚C) or cold temperature(4˚C). The content of NO₃^- and vitamine C of green vegetable juice by P company were the highest among the manufacturers. The lower content of NO₃^- and vitamine C of green vegetable juice by TW company and GB company compare to P company is due to dilution with water to produce the juice. The content of NO₃^- of green vegetable juice which were available in market showed 143ppm in carrot juice. 506ppm in tomorrow’s leaf juice, 669ppm in wild water celery juice, 985ppm in kale juice, whereas the content of vitamine C were 43ppm in carrot juice, 289ppm in wild water celery juice, 353ppm in kale juice and 768ppm in tomorrow’s leaf juice. It was calculated that people take 253mg by tomorrow’s leaf juice,335mg by wild water celery juice, 483mg by kale juice if they drink 500ml of green vegetable juice per day, and it suggest to excess 1.16, 1.53 and 2.21 times respectively only by green vegetable juice consumption.

배추, 양배추, 양상추의 엽령별 NO₃^-함량 차이에 관한 연구

孫尙穆 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),朴養虎 ( Kim Yang-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

Under the visual judgement of consumers, to reduce nitrate intake through vegetables, this experimentation analyzed the content of nitrate, in heading leaf vegetables such as chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. perkinensis (Lour.) Rupr), cabbage(Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) by the leaf number. And the result is summarized as follows. In the nitrate content change by the leaf number, the nitrate content is increased as it goes by from inner leaf to outer leaf and the nitrate content in leaf midrib is higher than that in leaf blade. ln case of chinese cabbage, the nitrate content in the leaf midrib from the most inner leaf to the most outer leaf changed 40~3,177ppm and in the leaf blade it changed 40~2,887ppm. But the nitrate content in the leaf blade of cabbage from the most inner leaf to the most outer leaf changed 89~2,297ppm and in the leaf blade it changed 25~765ppm. In case of lettuce, the nitrate content change of the leaf midrib by the leaf position was 419~4,349ppm, and in the leaf blade it changed 260~2894ppm. It was concluded that the outer leaf of chinese cabbage, cabbage and lettuce should be removed to keep the lower nitrate intake by population before it is consumed.

수확후(收穫後) 저장(貯藏)과 조리조건(調理條件)에 따른 배추 가식부위내(可食部位內) NO₃^- 함량변화(含量變化)

孫尙穆 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),尹德勳 ( Yoon Deok-hoon ) 한국유기농업학회 1996 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

In order to minimize the daily intake amount of nitrate by Chinese cabbage, the favorate vegetable for Korean, the influences of storage conditions at different temperature and light or dark treatments after post-harvest and effects of cooking temperature and infrared rays on changes of nitrate contents in edible parts of Chinese cabbage were determined. The nitrate contents of midrib and leaf blade in Chinese cabbage during post-harvest were decreased steeply in 2 days and decreased slowly again in 5 days. The temperature treatment to decrease the nitrate contents in midrib and leaf blade of Chinese cabbage were effective as the following of 25℃ > 15°C > -4°C > -10°C. The nitrate contents of midrib and leaf blade were decreased in the timecourse of post-harvest. It is more effective to store in 4°C than in 15 °C, and is more effective in transparent vinyl package than in black vinyl package, but the treatment of light is more effective than the treatment of temperature. The nitrate contents of midrib decreased rapidly by 17.9% in the treatment of 5 days at 15°C. By treatment of 80°C, 90°C, 100°C water, the nitrate contents of midrib were increased slightly, but decreased in leaf blade. It reached 68.5%, 50.6%, 45.9% in the leaf blade respectively by treatment of 80°C, 90°C, 100°C water at 1 min. By infrared rays treatment, the nitrate contents of midrib did not change in 3 min but increased rapidly after 6 min, and in the leaf blade it increased continually after 1 min.

관행농법, 시설재배 및 유기농법 재배지 토양의 화학적 특성과 배추, 상추의 NO₃^-집적량 차이

손상목 ( Sohn Sang-mok ),한도희 ( Han Do-hee ),김영호 ( Kim Young-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 1996 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.1

In order to get some basic datas on environmental friendly funtion against soil and water pollution and safe vegetable production by organic farming, chemical characteristics of soils cultivated by the conventional farming, greenhouse cultivation and organic farming and acumulation of NO₃^- in Chinese cabbage and lettuce were analysed. The highest value of NO₃^- -N in 0-30cm subsoil of organic farming was found among the 3 different fanning systems, and it was 3.6 and 6.6 times higher than those of conventional farming in Chinese cabbage and lettuce respectively. P₂O₅ also show high accumulation in the rhizosphere of organic fanning compared to convnetional farming. The accumulation of NO₃^- -N and P₂O₅5 in the rhizosphere of organic farming were similar to those of greenhouse cultivation. The NO₃^- accumulation in Chinese cabbage and lettuce by organic farming reach 3224ppm in Chinese cabbage and 2543ppm in lettuce and it were 4.7 and 6.4 times higher than those of convnetional farming. It is urgently necessary to introduce the basic standard of IFOAM, EU and FAO/WHO Codex on organic agriculture into korean organic agriculture for operation of environmental friendly system and production of safe vegetable in terms of NO₃^-.

E. coli 細胞를 이용한 植物, 土壤 및 水質의 窒酸態 窒素 分析方法

孫尙穆(Sang Mok Sohn),마틴큐케(Martin Kucke),李侖建(Yoon Gun Lee) 한국토양비료학회 1997 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.30 No.4

일반(一般) 관행농법(慣行農法)과 유기농법(有機農法) 배추, 무우의 가식부위(可食部位)내 NO₃^- 집적량(集積量) 차이(差異)

孫尙穆 ( Sang Mok Sohn ),吳京錫 ( Kyeong Seok Oh ),文雨澤 ( Woo Taek Mun ) 한국유기농업학회 1994 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.3 No.1

In the edible parts of Chinese cabbage, the NO₃^- accumulation was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves and it was higher in the leaf midrib than in the leaf blade. In Radish, it was higher in the aerial part of the root than in the underground part of root. NO₃^- accumulation in edible parts of Chinese cabbage of organic farming fertilized with compost 8t/10a was about 4 times higher than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen; and was similar to those of conventional farming fertilized with twice the mineral nitrogen rate. But, NO₃^- accumulation in radish of organic farming with 8t/10a compost was lower than those of conventional farming with recommended mineral nitrogen. It showed NO₃^- content in the edible parts of vegetables should be considered one of several parameters to judge a real safety vegetable to be certified by government.

유기작물재배의 이론 및 핵심기술 - 독일을 중심으로 -

손상목 ( Sang Mok Sohn ) 한국유기농업학회 2001 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.9 No.4

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as ① development of organic farming, ②organic farming organizations, ③standards and certification, ④implementation of EU council regulation, ⑤state support, ⑥ implementation of Agenda 2000, ⑦training and education, ⑧advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by ①cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system,® incorporation in the soil organic material,by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one,or a combination of the following measure ; ①choice of appropriate species and varieties, ②appropriate rotation programs, ③mechanical cultivation,⑤protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, ©diversified ecosystems, ⑥flame weeding, ⑦natural enemies, ⑧bio-dynamic preparations, ⑨mulching and mowing, ⑩grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫ steam sterilization.

시설재배 관행농업과 유기농업 토양의 질산 및 인산 fraction의 용탈

손상목(Sang Mok Sohn),김영호(Young Ho Kim),윤덕훈(Duck Hoon Yoon),마틴 큐케(Martin Kuecke) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2003 No.5