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신기능에 따른 Sitagliptin의 처방용량 적정성 평가
손기호 한국병원약사회 2012 病院藥師會誌 Vol.29 No.1
Sitagliptin is a new oral medication that meant to lower glucose levels via the incretin hormone system. It is recommended for initial and maintenance dosing at 100 mg daily. Downward dose adjustment is recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal failure. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the potentially inappropriate initial dosing of sitagliptin based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a teaching hospital. A retrospective analysis using data from an electronic medical record database was performed. Patients were included (n=126), if they were prescribed sitagliptin three times consecutively between February 2010 and August 2010. The variables of interest were (a) the initial sitagliptin dose; and (b) the eGFR, calculated for each patient using the Cockcroft-Gault formula at the time that sitagliptin was prescribed. Fifteen (11.9%) of the 126 patients received a potentially inappropriate initial dose according to product labeling regarding renal function: eleven patients were over-dosed and four patients were under-dosed. Potentially inappropriate dosing occurred in four of 114 patients with mild renal failure (4%); six of seven patients with moderate renal failure (85.7%), and five of five patients with severe renal failure (100%). In conclusion, potentially inappropriate dosing of sitagliptin based on the assessment of renal function was likely to occur. Further study of the long-term safety of sitagliptin in patients not suffering from renal failure may be warranted.
손기호 한국병원약사회 2015 病院藥師會誌 Vol.32 No.4
Polypharmacy (multiple drug use) is considered one of the major risk factors in drugdrug interactions and is a common problem among the elderly patients. It can lead to noncompliance or even discontinuation of the therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness, the prevalence, and severity of drug-drug interaction induced ADR (adverse drug reaction) in a long-term care hospital. A retrospective, observational review of electronic medical records and pharmacist interviews with patients were performed. The dataset was analyzed for ADR causality, ADR severity, patient demographic profiles and ADR related characteristics. 324 patients were included (156 males, 168 females), if they were prescribed medication with potential drug-drug interactions, between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014 (12 months total). Most patients (80%) were above 65 years old. The patients had a total of 1,680 drugs (average 5.2 drugs per patient), and 932 potential drug-drug interactions (average 2.89 per patient). The most common clinicaly useful ADRs were 17 peptic ulcer and a myopathy. These ADRs were in patients over 65 years age. This indicates the need for rigid ADR monitoring to ensure safety for long-term care patients.
活性炭 數回 經口投與에 의한 Theophylline의 藥物動態에 미치는 影響
孫基鎬,Sands, Charles D.,Jones, Daniel,Robinson, J. Daniel 한국병원약사회 1987 병원약사회지 Vol.4 No.2
The effect of multiple dose oral activated charcoal on theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied in five healthy, non-smoking, Caucasian adults in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Following an intravenous infusion of aminophylline(6 ㎎/㎏) subjects received either ⑴ activated charcoal 140gm in divided dosed over 12 hours(treatment group) or ⑵ water (control group). Serum theophylline concentrations were measured from 0 to 24 hours after the aminophylline infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by fitting data points to a two compartment model using a non-linear least squares regression computer program. Treatment with activated charcoal decreased serum theophylline 1/2 from 10.3 to 5.6 hours and the serum AUC from 189.2 to 94.5mcg/㎖·hr, and increased total body clearance of theophylline from 0.590 to 1.099㎖/min/㎏. These results confirm previous reports that multiple dose activated charcoal increased the total body clearance of theophylline in healthy subject, and suggests that this treatment may prove be efficacious in the treatment of theophylline poisoning. Especially in areas where hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not available.
Comparison of Lettuce Growth under Continuous and Pulsed Irradiation Using Light-Emitting Diodes
손기호,이소라,오명민 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.4
We determined the effects of various frequencies of pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the growth characteristics of Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunmang’. Seedlings were grown in a 20°C growth chamber with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 253.67 μmol·m-2·s-1 and a 12-h photoperiod for 18 days. The seedlings were then transplanted into pots containing a growing medium, followed by placement in growth chambers equipped with a combination of red (R), white (W), and blue (B) LEDs (R:W:B = 7:2:1) that provided pulsed irradiation at various frequencies (0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 kHz) at 75% duty ratio (PPFD 190 μmol·m-2·s-1). The control (continuous irradiation) was compared with the treatments 4 weeks after transplanting. Most growth parameters such as shoot fresh weight and leaf area under pulsed LEDs were similar to those of the control. Treatments with lower frequencies (0.3, 1, and 3 kHz) were more effective for growth even though the light intensity was lower than that in the control. No significant difference was observed in the maximum quantum yield of PSII and photosynthetic rates between the treatments. Macronutrient (K, Ca, and Mg) levels were significantly higher under all treatments compared to the control. Light use efficiency was the highest under irradiation with 1 kHz pulsed LEDs. In conclusion, pulsed LEDs with 75% duty ratio and low frequencies did not show significant inhibition on plant growth, suggesting that pulsed LED irradiation technology has a potential to save energy consumption for producing crops in plant factories.