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소선행,주경광,김봉근,송숙형,여인성 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1
Various liquid scintillators are commonly used in neutrino experiments. If successful neutrino experiments are to be performed over several years, using stable solvents with the capability of mass production in the liquid scintillator is one of the key requirements. We investigate the various physical and optical properties, absorption, light transmission, light output, density, index of refraction, water content, etc., of the solvents used in neutrino detectors. In addition, safety for the environment and humans needs to be taken in consideration. In this paper, the preparation and the various characteristics of the solvents used for the liquid scintillator are summarized and reported.
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원전 중성미자 실험을 위한 액체섬광검출용액의 개발 연구
소선행,주경광 한국물리학회 2014 새물리 Vol.64 No.8
For detecting neutrinos from a nuclear power plant, we use the inverse beta decay reaction which produces a positron and a neutron after a neutrino collision. For a neutrino experiment to be successful, several characteristics of the liquid scintillator (long attenuation length, good absorbency, chemically stability, steady concentration) are important. Because the physical and the optical properties of the scintillator should remain unchanged over several years, we measured the absorbency of the liquid scintillator by using an UV spectrometer and the Gd concentration of the sample by using EDTA titration regularly. 역베타 붕괴반응을 이용하여 원전에서 방출되는 중성미자를 검출할 수 있다. 역베타 붕괴란 중성미자가 표적에 충돌한 후 양전하와 중성자를 생성하는 반응이다. 성공적인 실험을 위해서는 검출기 내부에 채워진 액체섬광검출 용액의 특성을 파악하고 있어야 한다. 중요한 액체섬광 검출용액의 특성으로는 감쇠 거리가 길고, 흡광도가 낮아야 하며, 화학적으로 안정하여 농도가 변하지 않아야 한다. 이를 위해 본 실험에서는 가시광선 분광광도계를 이용해 흡광도를 측정하고 EDTA 적정법을 이용해 가돌리늄 농도를 측정하였다. 또한 실험이 수년에 걸쳐 진행되기 때문에 장기적으로도 물리광학적인 특성이 유지되어야 한다. 이를 위해 흡광도와 가돌리늄 농도를 2주마다 주기적으로 측정하면서 변화를 모니터링 하였다.
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가돌리늄이 용해된 선형알킬벤젠 기반 액체섬광검출용액의 장기적인 물리 광학적 특성 연구
소선행,주경광 한국물리학회 2012 새물리 Vol.62 No.9
For the detection of anti-electron neutrinos emitted from a reactor,inverse beta decay process followed by neutron capture can be used. A Gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator fills the neutrino detector. For a neutrino experiment bo be successful, it is very important for the Gd-loaded LAB-based liquid scintillator to have long-term physical and chemical stability. We measure and monitor the absorbance and the Gd concentration of the sample regularly. By using a standard solution, we compare the calibrated Gd concentration with the result extrapolated from the neutron capture time for Gd in the data. The two values agree within the uncertainty. 원전에서 방출되는 중성미자는 역베타 붕괴반응을 이용하여 검출할 수있는데 검출기 내부에 가돌리늄이 용해된 액체섬광검출용액을 사용할 수있다. 수년간의 성공적인 실험을 위해서, 가돌리늄이 용해된액체섬광검출용액의 물리 화학적 안정성은 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해흡광도와 농도를 2주마다 주기적으로 측정하면서 이들의 변화를 모니터링하였다. 표준용액을 이용하여 절대농도를 측정하였고 역베타 붕괴에서발생하는 중성자가 Gd에 포획되는 시간으로부터 환산한 농도와비교하였는데, 오차 범위 내에서 잘 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다.
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소선행,주경광 한국물리학회 2013 새물리 Vol.63 No.9
For detecting neutrinos from a nuclear power plant, we use the inverse-beta-decay reaction which a positron and a neutron after a neutrino collision with a target. We melt Gd in a liquid scintillator in order to extend the neutron-capture cross section area. For a neutrino experiment to be successful, know the exact Gd concentration and maintain that concentration are important. To do that, we measure the Gd concentration by EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid) and PGAA (Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis) methods and use standard samples for calibration. We confirmed that the measured Ga concentration well compares with the converted concentration value from experimental data. 원전에서 방출되는 중성미자를 검출하기 위해 중성미자가 표적에 충돌한후 양전하와 중성자를 생성하는 역베타 반응을 이용할 수 있다. 중성자포획 산란 단면적을 크게 하기 위해 액체섬광검출용액에 가돌리늄을용해한다. 성공적인 실험을 위해서는 가돌리늄의 침전이나 부유현상이일어나지 않고 농도가 일정해야 하고 가돌리늄의 농도를 정확히 아는것은 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 실험에서는 EDTA 적정법과 PGAA 방법을이용하여 농도를 측정하였고 표준용액을 이용해서 그 농도 값을보정하였다. 이렇게 보정된 가돌리늄의 농도 값을 실험 데이터에 의해환산된 농도 값과 비교했을 때 잘 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
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Feasibility Study of a Gadolinium-loaded DIN-based Liquid Scintillator
송숙형,주경광,소선행,여인성 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.5
DIN (di-isopropylnaphthalene) has a high flashpoint and can be used as a base solvent in liquid scintillators. It reduces safety concerns to humans and the environment. (PPO, 3 g/) and (bis-MSB, 30 mg/) were dissolved to formulate a DIN-based liquid scintillator (LS). A gadolinium (Gd)complex with carboxylic acid was synthesized using a neutralized chemical reaction. Then, 0.1% Gd was loaded into the LS. This Gd-loaded DIN-based LS using a solvent-solvent extraction method is the first attempt at a LS. In this study, we investigated the physical and the optical properties of this LS, and we will summarize all the characteristics of the Gd-loaded DIN-based LS.
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Development of a Gadolinium-loaded LAB<sub>-</sub>based Aqueous Scintillator for Neutrino Detection
여인성,주경광,김봉근,소선행,송숙형 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1
A gadolinium (Gd) complex with carboxylic acid was synthesized by using a neutralization chemical reaction. Gd (0.5%) was doped into a liquid scintillator by using a solvent-solvent extraction under controlled pH. Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) was used as a scintillation solvent. We measured several important physical and optical properties. The preparation, the synthesis procedures and the characterization of the resulting gadolinium-loaded, LAB<sub>-</sub>based, liquid scintillator are described in this paper.
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김승찬,주경광,김바로,신창동,소선행,여인성 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.7
In this paper, we describe the optical and the physical properties of a liquid scintillator (LS)containing water with long-term stability. Gadolinium (Gd) is loaded into the liquid scintillatorto increase the intensity of the neutron capture signal. If a successful neutrino experiment is tobe performed, the Gd-loaded liquid scintillator (GdLS) must be stable over the entire duration ofthe experiment. If water is contained inside the GdLS, the optical and the physical parametersof the GdLS may change. We, therefore, briefly describe several characteristics of GdLS sampleswith various water contents under different environmental conditions. Measurements of the watercontent, Gd concentration, transmittance, and light yield (LY) were performed over 600 days.
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Development of (Gd, 6Li)-loaded Organic Liquid Scintillators for Reactor Neutrino Detection
김바로,김승찬,주경광,신창동,소선행,여인성 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.5
This paper describes in detail the metal-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) that was developed for usein reactor neutrino experiments. Two different organic base solvents, linear alkyl benzene (LAB)and diisopropylnaphthalene (DIN), are used to synthesize the liquid scintillator. Gadolinium (Gd)or lithium (6Li) is loaded into the organic liquid scintillators. A solvent-solvent extraction methodwas developed to load Gd into LS, and in the case of 6Li, a suitable surfactant was found and wasapplied. In this study, the optical and the physical properties of the LS were investigated, and theresults summarized in this report, including the transmittance, emission spectra, light yield, pulseshape discrimination, and water concentration.
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