여행판매 대리점의 유형에 따른 경영성과

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2019 관광레저연구 Vol.31 No.5

Nowadays, it has been a trend that most people in Korea use a travel sales agency to travel for outbound packaged travel in an individual tour. Although retail travel agencies have increased, it is not easy for them to select a type of travel sales agency because there are a lot of brands in which wholesalers operate. The study aimed to suggest which one is the best with business performance divided into two factors, a financial and a non-financial performance. The survey was conducted from 1 May to 31 August in 2018 through a method of convenience sampling. 300 travel sales agencies responded to both financial factors such as sales, earning rate and sales profits and non-financial factors such as employees’ productivity, job satisfaction and customer satisfaction on service and product. The study concluded that the relationship between types of travel sales agencies to business performance is merely weak in financial factors. Also, non-financial factors are almost irrelevant; however, it is regarded as an important factor to measure business performance in the service industry.

레크리에이션 경험선호에 관한 연구: 캠핑과 피싱을 중심으로

서헌,김용순 (사)한국관광레저학회 2021 관광레저연구 Vol.33 No.3

Recreation Experience Preference(REP) has played an important and useful tool to manage the factors affecting tourists’ motivation since 1983 when Driver announced REP scales. The study aimed to compare and analyze motivation factors between camping and fishing in Korea as the application of REP. Of 19 factors Manfredo, Driver and Tarrant developed in 1996, only 13 factors were used to do the research, chosen by Focus Group Interview(FGI) technique. Through a convenience sampling, total 400 samples were valid and 200 responses were collected from camping and another from fishing. The survey operated from June 1 to July 25 in 2020 using modified REP with 13 factors. As a result, a factor, ‘escape personal-social pressure’, is the highest of 13 factors in both camping and fishing. ‘Family togetherness’ is the second highest in camping but the lowest in fishing. On the other hand, ‘achivement and stimulation’ and ’meet new people’ are ones of the highest in fishing but ones of the lowest in camping. Finally, marketers and policy makers keep in mind that camping and fishing in outdoor recreation market seem to be similar and different in REP’s point of view.

여가권태척도(Leisure Boredom Scale: LBS)에 관한 연구: 여가활동을 적용하여

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2021 관광레저연구 Vol.33 No.11

Iso-Ahola and Weissinger (1990) developed Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS) to measure individual differences in perceptions of boredom in leisure, with a self-report questionnaire. The study aimed to compare and analyze LBS, applied on four leisure activities: camping, reading, sports spectating, and moviegoing. LBS is scored on 1 to 5 scale, with higher numbers equaling higher boredom and consists of 16 statements, with satisfactory reliability and validity. Total samples (n=400) were valid and used as a quota sampling to four activities respectively. The survey was conducted from August 1 to September 15 of 2021 through Google on-line survey. While Ragheb (1990) insisted outdoor recreation and reading be more likely to reduce feelings of boredom. Rather than sports spectating and media experiences, the result of study showed that camping in LBS was higher than moviegoing. There are sports spectating, camping, moviegoing, and reading in order. Furthermore, it is expected that LBS will be potentially useful in clinical remedy for adolescents.

여가시간 불균형에 관한 재해석: 젠더 관점에서

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2022 관광레저연구 Vol.34 No.10

According to a lot of previous studies, it is regarded that there is inequality in leisure time between men and women. Shaw(1994) suggested that females experience the unequal distribution of leisure time because almost all of women do not believe they deserve or have the time to engage in leisure. Also, the leisure as a time approach is simple and neat, but very useful to understand why women have unequal leisure time compared to man. Some researches found that the leisure time available for females is often fragmented and interrupted by the role of a mother and a wife. Therefore, this study is concerned with reinterpretation on inequality in leisure time by gender and focuses on ways in which women’s leisure constrained by Russell(1996). He noted that there were 4 categories, personal perceptions of free time, adherence to clock time, the time needs of leisure activities and culture’s time sufficiency. Consequently, women are likely to have inequality of leisure time compared to men because they perceive more bonds closely to family and children and impose themselves on sacrifices to insufficient leisure time. Besides, various cultures press down women’s participation in leisure because of traditional lifestyle. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the world is changing for women.

섬 관광 선택속성에 관한 방문객과 거주민의 인식: 인천 섬 도도하게 살아보기 프로그램을 사례로

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2022 관광레저연구 Vol.34 No.5

Lately, island tourism has been regarded as a major alternative trend for sustainability. The study aimed to analyze differences in selection attributes between visitors and residents. In the case of the special program, Incheon Island Do Do Stay, There is a doubt whether or not visitors or residents are responsible for the drawback from growth of island tourism in Incheon. A total of 400 valid questionnaires were obtained and analyzed and responses were divided into 200 visitors and 200 residents respectively, conducted from March 1 to March 31 of 2022. Seven factors were used to analyze differences in selection attributes. They are accessibility, natural resources, economical efficiency, facilities, kindness, leisure activities and comfortableness. The analytical results indicate three factors: leisure activities, kindness, and comfortableness have a relatively big gap between them while facilities and natural resources do not. The findings could be used to provide different perceptions for Incheon Tourism Organization implementing the Program and residents involved in the Program.

인구통계적 특성에 따른 관광안전 인식에 관한 연구 - 연령과 국내·외 관광의 연관 -

서헌,김영하 한국호텔리조트학회 2020 호텔리조트연구 Vol.19 No.3

Tourism is very fragile because it has been recognized to be impacted by a variety of external circumstances and especially acknowledged to vulnerable to crisis, both safe and security. Mansfield and Pizam (2006) classified tourism security as 6 factors, impacting deterrents to travel in. This study aimed to reveal correlation between ages and domestic, outbound tourism in Korea. 500 samples by ages responded to a question, what factor you consider as a deterrent to travel in order when travelling in domestic and outbound, from March 1 to April 30 in 2020 and seven(adding a political relation to Mansfield & Pizam’s research) factors were war, terror, crime, political unrest, natural disaster, disease and political relation Consequently, in domestic tourism war, terror and natural disaster have priority to others while disease was relatively not important. On other hand, political relation was an important deterrent to travel in outbound travel because it is surmised that Koreans are very sensitive to historical background between specific nations.

서울시 도보관광의 만족에 관한 연구: 기대불일치이론을 적용하여

서헌,박정숙 (사)한국관광레저학회 2019 관광레저연구 Vol.31 No.3

Walking Tourism has been flourishing since Jehu Olle-gil opened in 2007. Some local governments began to create such walking trails as in Jiri Mountain, Gwangju, Daedu and Seoul and so, nowadays it is triggering Korea Walking Trail models. The study aimed to illustrate satisfaction on courses of walking tourism managed by Seoul city with Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT), which suggested by Oliver (1980) and is an important method to measure the level of satisfaction. 1,000 people participated in the survey which allocated 50 respondents respectively using convenience sampling to 20 courses of walking tourism in Seoul and was conducted from October 1 to November 30 in 2018. The survey asked them which one you could choose, satisfaction or unsatisfaction through EDT. The results indicated that satisfaction is prior to unsatisfaction in all courses. Deoksoo-goong and Jeong-dong course are the best and Nak-san Seongkwak is next, while the Seongyunkwan course is relatively low. However, walking tourism is one of the prosperous types of tourism in modern society.

관광경쟁력지수에 대한 탐색적 고찰: 세계경제포럼 관광경쟁력지수를 중심으로

서헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2019 관광레저연구 Vol.31 No.9

Nowadays, many policy makers think tourism competitiveness is very closed to global competitiveness. Korea in 2019 placed 16th best nation in Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) presented by World Economic Forum (WEF) biennially. TTCI is measured into 4 sub-indices; Enabling Environment, Tourism & Travel Policy and Enabling Conditions, Infrastructure, and Natural and Cultural Resources, including 9 pillars and 90 indicators. However, there are such arguments with TTCI as contents of indicators, correlation with them, and measurement method. In order to make sure of objectivity covering arguments on TTCI, the study suggests that WEF had better consider weighting system, correlation analysis and survey panel change. Even if TTCI is an important measurement to guide the orientation for tourism development and is based on a methodology integrating the latest statistics from international organizations and a survey of executives, it is time to consider that WEF should try a new access to TTCI and listen to some concerns

국내 대형항공사(FSC)와 저비용항공사(LCC)의 선택 속성에 관한 연구

서헌,한장헌 (사)한국관광레저학회 2019 관광레저연구 Vol.31 No.8

In general planning of an overseas travel, we are facing as to which carrier is better, a full service carrier(FSC) or a low cost carrier(LCC) based on performance to cost. Lately, Korean LCCs have been developing faster than FSCs; especially their market share is over 50% of all lines including international and domestic routes. Therefore, the study compares and analyzes selection attributes between national FSCs and LCCs, focusing only on international lines. The 400 samples were allocated to 200 respondents who have experienced FSC and another 200 who have experienced LCC respectively, using convenience sampling. The survey was conducted from May 15th to May 24th of 2019 in Inchon International Airport terminals. The survey consisted of 6 selection attributes: airport service, cabin service, operation service, reservation service, price and additional service including 22 items. The results indicated that cabin service, operation service and additional service are more preferable for FSC and price is superior to any other attributes for LCC. Also, such items as safety, food and beverage service and flight amenities in FSC are higher and price competitiveness and discount fares in LCC are higher. On the other hand, as LCCs intend to intrude into FSC business area, it is becoming more anxious that some customers for LCCs will experience a higher fare.

인구소멸과 지역기반관광(CBT)에 관한 고찰

서헌 한국호텔리조트학회 2023 호텔리조트연구 Vol.22 No.5

Community based tourism(CBT) has been widely perceived as a good generator to boost regional economic development and a form of tourism led by the local community for sustainable development, and the resulting socio-economic benefits are directly connected to the benefits of the local community. CBT develops the tourism industry in connection with the local community by utilizing the unique characteristics of each region and has also begun to gain popularity as sustainable development has recently attracted attention. Currently, Korea is on the verge of regional extinction due to population extinction. Last March, the Korea Employment Information Service announced the serious status of regional extinction, in which 118 areas are at risk of population extinction, accounting for 52% of the total 228 cities and counties(Lee & Lee, 2023). Therefore, the Korean government has enacted and implemented the Special Act on Support for Population Extinction Areas, considering CBT as a countermeasure to prevent population extinction. In the study, the theoretical background was summarized by reviewing previous studies, and several considerations such as a financial problem, a lack of community awareness, concerns about poor cultural tourism resources, and uncertainty about the regional economic multiplier system for CBT operation were derived. Consequently, four considerations are also important; furthermore, the establishment of cooperative governance is very important, and ultimately CBT is considered a good way to address regional extinction.