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The Study on the Job Burnout of Construction Industries Workers Seo Jae Young Advisor : Prof. Jong-rok Yoon, Ph,D. Department of Business Administration Graduate School of Business Administration, Chosun University Today, companies faces the rapid changes in environments owing to global management, excessive supply of the products and services, diversity, and increasing expectation of customers. Thus, employees are exposed to the numerous job requirements and stresses from the role conflict, the role ambiguity, the role overload, the interpersonal relations, safety, the job insecurity, and the job Burnout Particularly, employees in the construction industry work in a more poor environment compared to those in other industries. These situations cause job stress, job dissatisfaction, low productivity, higher absences and turnover, and low organizational performance. To cope with these difficulties, managers should manage to reduce job stresses, job burnout This study tried to examine the effects of on departing and remaining with the sample of 181 in Construction Industries Workers The extant study on job stress indicates that the study of job stress has beem limited to the effect of job stress and job Burnout. Thus, this study is added to the previous studies in the area of job stress including the concept of self-esteem and organizational support as moderating variables. The research results can be led to show how stressors affect on job stress, job burnout factors. First of all, the results of this study show that stressors, except for interpersonal relationship, have a statistically significant relationship in relation to the hypothesis of stressors on job stress. Secondly, job stress shows a statistically significant relationship with job burnout, and job stress shows a statistically significant relationship with job satisfaction, job commitment According to the research result, firstly, role conflict, rple ambiguity, role overload, safety, and job insecurity influence job stress. Employees have perceived the high level of role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, job insecurity, and low level of safety, then their job stress level also has increased. Thus, managers try to decrease role conflict.
중년여성의 최대산소섭취량의 수준에 따른 신체구성,골밀도,등속성 근기능의 연구
The Study on Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density and Isokinetic Contraction According to VO2max Level in The Middle Aged Women Jaeyoung Suh Graduate School of Changwon National University Majored in Physical Education The purpose of this study was not only to investigate the importance of cardiovascular exercises of middle-aged women, but also to provide data for effective preparation and maintenance of health/stamina of the middle-aged women from the menopause and aging. The subject of this study was divided into two groups from the middle-aged women in their 40s~50s by maximum oxygen intake. One group was composed of 15 participants below 30ml/kg/min whereas the other group included 12 participants above 30ml/kg/min. The body composition, bone mineral density, - 70 - bone mineral content, isokinetic muscular strength, muscular endurance of knee joint and lumbar joint have been compared and analyzed from these groups. The results are followings. 1. Among body composition, weight, muscle mass, and resting metabolic rate showed no significant differences between groups, and body fat percentage(p<.01) and abdominal fat percentage(p<.05) was significantly low for the group with VO2max over 30ml/kg/min compared to the group below 30ml/kg/min. 2. There was no significant difference between groups in bone mineral density and bone mineral content. 3. The isokinetic muscle function analysis of extensor/flexor of knee joint showed no significant differences in both maximum muscular strength and muscular endurance. 4. The maximum muscular strength of lumbar extensor in the group above 30ml/kg/min was significantly higher than that in the group below 30ml/kg/min(p<.05). In addition, there was no significantly difference in the maximum muscular strength for flexor. Muscular endurances for both extensor(p<.05) and flexor(p<.001) were significantly higher in the group with VO2max above 30ml/kg/min than those in - 71 - the group below 30ml/kg/min. KEY WORDS Middle-aged women, Menopause, VO2max, Body composition, Bone mineral density, Bone mineral content, Isokinetic Contraction.
최근 글로벌 금융위기 속에서 세계 금융시장은 다양한 자산으로 구성된 포트폴리오가 구성 자산의 가격이 불리하게 변동하는 경우 얼마나 가치가 하락하는지에 대한 관심이 날로 높아지고 있다. 이와 같은 관심 속에 리스크 값을 산출하는 Credit VaR에 대한 연구가 활발하게 시작했다. 본 연구에서는 1997년 CSFB에서 처음 개발된 CreditRisk+ 모형을 기반으로 실제 자료를 이용하여 신용위험을 측정해 보았다. CreditRisk+ 모형은 신용포트폴리오의 손실분포를 추정함으로써 신용리스크를 측정하는 방법론으로, 이후 폭넓게 사용되면서 실무적 발전으로 매우 잘 정립된 방법론이다. 본 연구에서는 CreditRisk+ 모형 중 섹터별 상관관계가 없다는 가정에서 개발된 표준 CreditRisk+ 모형과 섹터별 공분산을 추정하여 상관관계를 고려한 다변량 감마분포 CreditRisk+ 모형, 그리고 모든 공분산을 같다는 가정으로 상관관계를 고려한 혼합 감마분포 CreditRisk+ 모형을 채택하였다. 알고리즘을 정리한 후, SAS를 기반으로 프로그램을 구현하고, 실제 데이터를 적용시켰을 때 상위 99%일 때 신용 리스크 값을 계산하여 세 모형 간 어느 정도의 차이가 있는지 비교해 보았다.
다중위성자료와 지표면 모형을 이용한 한반도 수문요소의 시공간적 변동성 분석
As global climate change causes an increase in the frequency of abnormal weather events, such as droughts and floods, the incidence of water deficit is also increasing. The estimation and prediction of hydrological components is important to understanding the impact of climate change on the water cycle. Generally, the estimation of hydrological components is based on ground observation points, but it is difficult to analyse their spatio-temporal variability that constitute the water cycle. A useful tool for overcoming these problems is remote sensing, which can provide continuous spatial distributions of hydrological data over broad regions. The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) twin satellites observed Earth, measuring gravitational field variation and detecting terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC). GRACE-based TWSC are defined as changes in all forms of water in and on the land surface and subsurface, (1) fluxes of precipitation, evapotranspiration and total discharge, and (2) the sum of variations of surface water storage (reservoirs/dams), soil moisture storage, snow water equivalent, and groundwater storage. These satellite data are suited for analysing the spatio-temporal variability of hydrological components of the water cycle. This study consists of three parts. Firstly, monthly groundwater storage changes in South Korea and monthly total discharge in the Korean Peninsula were estimated, based on water budget analysis using multi-satellite data and land surface models for the period of 2003 to 2014. Groundwater storage changes were estimated using land surface models from the global land data assimilation system (GLDAS), ground observations from the water management information system (WAMIS) and the rural agricultural water resources information system (RAWRIS). To estimate the monthly total discharge in the Korean Peninsula, water budget components like precipitation and evapotranspiration were calculated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), respectively. The groundwater storage changes and total discharge based on water budget analysis results indicated a good agreement with in situ data and with other model data (GLDAS and PRMS) in terms of correlation coefficient and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). This shows the effectiveness of using multi-satellite data and land surface models based on water budget analysis to estimate the groundwater storage changes and total discharge. In the second part of the study, the feasibility of the GRACE satellites data for predicting downscaled groundwater storage changes and total discharge was investigated using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The input data adopted for the ANN model include monthly GRACE-based TWSC, precipitation from TRMM, and average temperature and soil moisture storage changes from the GLDAS-2 Noah model for the period of January 2003 to December 2015. Results from statistical downscaling of GRACE data indicated that there was a significant improvement in predicting groundwater storage changes and total discharge and the trained ANN model showed good performance in the test period, both of which demonstrate the suitability of these data for downscaling. The relative importance of each part of the input data was estimated using the connection weight method and it was found that the GRACE-based TWSC was a significant parameter in the performance of the ANN model. The third part of this study comprised drought monitoring in the Korean Peninsula based on GRACE-based TWSC, groundwater storage, and the total discharge results in Chapters 4-6. Presented here are the GRACE-based Terrestrial water Storage Deficit Index (TSDI), Standardized Discharge Index (SDI), and Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI) for regional monitoring. Comparisons of the GRACE-based TSDI, SDI and SGI were carried out with other frequently used drought indicators, such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). It was found that the TSDI showed spatial and temporal agreement with the hydrological drought patterns of the PDSI, and that the SDI showed similar trends to the SPEI, while the SGI had a smoothed signal. This suggested that the TSDI, SDI, and SGI derived from GRACE-based TWSC could be a useful dimensionless index for hydrological drought monitoring, especially for areas where ground hydrological observations are insufficient. The approaches developed in this study is expected to prove more effective than ground-based methods in analysing hydrological variability and monitoring spatio-temporal drought characteristics. The methods and data established in this study will be continuously updated using data from the next generation GRACE satellites, GRACE-FO (Follow on) which was launched in May 2018. Moreover, these spatio-temporal analysis of hydrological components studied here can serve as reliable and useful tools for efficient water management.
Leaf springs used in truck suspensions occupy a greater proportion than any other component in terms of vehicle vibration characteristics and weight reduction. The weight reduction of this part contributes to an increase in the loading capacity and improves the dynamic performance. In addition, it reduces driver fatigue and has a great influence on the stable transportation of cargo. For this reason, studies on leaf springs are being actively conducted. In this paper, the strength of the Z-shaped spring, a key component of the vibration-free air suspension mounted on a 1.2-ton small truck, called a subsistence truck, was evaluated. Structural analysis was performed in which load conditions were applied based on the maximum weight of luggage in the loading space of the truck. In order to evaluate the safety of the structural strength of the Z-shaped spring, the maximum deflection and the maximum von Mises equivalent stress were analyzed. Stress analysis and fatigue analysis were performed using ANSYS Workbench, a commercial finite element analysis software, and fatigue life was predicted based on the analyzed results. As a result of structural analysis of the Z-shaped spring, the maximum deformation value is 7.92mm, which does not exceed the maximum 9mm specified in the design specifications of the 1.2 ton truck, and the equivalent stress value is 1149 MPa, which is within 1196 MPa, the yield strength of spring steel. On the other hand, the fatigue analysis showed stress concentration at the corner of the assembled part, although most safety factors were calculated to a safe range. Reinforcement welding on the area where stress concentration occurred could be expected to relieve stress. 트럭 현가장치에 사용되는 판 스프링은 차량의 진동특성 및 중량 절감 측면에서 어느 부품보다도 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이 부품의 경량화는 적재량의 증가에 기여하고, 동특성 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한 운전자의 피로를 경감시키고 화물의 안정운송에 큰 영향을 준다. 이러한 이유로 판 스프링에 관한 연구가 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 생계형 트럭으로 불리는 1.2톤 소형트럭에 장착된 무진동 에어 서스펜션의 핵심 부품인 Z형 스프링의 강도를 평가하였다. 트럭의 적재공간에 수하물이 최대로 적재되는 중량을 기준으로 하중 조건을 적용한 구조해석을 수행하였다. Z형 스프링에 대한 구조적인 강도에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위해 최대 처짐량과 최대 폰 미제스 상당응력에 대해 해석하였다. 유한요소 해석 소프트웨어인 ANSYS Workbench를 사용하여 응력해석 및 피로해석을 실시하였으며, 해석된 결과를 바탕으로 피로수명을 예측하였다. Z형 스프링의 구조해석 결과, 최대 변형 값은 7.92 mm로 1.2톤 트럭의 설계사양에 규정된 최대 9 mm를 초과하지 않고, 등가응력 값은 1149 MPa로 스프링강의 항복강도인 1196 MPa 이내의 응력 값이 산출되었다. 이로서 구조적 강도는 안전한 것으로 판단하였다. 한편으로 피로해석에서는 대부분 안전계수가 안전한 것으로 계산되었지만 모서리 접착부분에서 응력집중 현상이 발생하였다. 국부적인 부분에 응력 완화를 위해 보강 용접을 실시하면 응력을 완화를 시킬 수 있는 것을 예측할 수 있었다.
청년창업 및 일자리창출을 위한 철도역세권 공공기여부지 활용방안 연구 : 광운대 역세권을 중심으로
The unemployment and decrease of employment rate of the young people have been deteriorated due to the poor job creation by ‘growth without employment’.Accordingly, economic growth and expansion of employment become a national task and the government seeks continual policy researches and plans to crate youth jobs by means of creative economy and by expanding youth start-up and to prepare virtuous circle of growth and employment. And, universities also recognized the possibility of economic growth and job creation route by means of technical start-up. So, universities make an approach to utilize knowledge based on created knowledge and professional personnel in the university beyond the creation of knowledge itself. Thus, the needs and role of the university on technical start-up have attracted attention. 42% of the universities in Seoul City are located in Northeast of Seoul. Thus, compared with other sector, those areas have rich start-up resources in link with universities. However, as there is no start-up incubating center, this study aimed to study the general youth start-up incubating center for the creation of youth job by means of the public contributed site obtained from the construction project of Kwangwoon- Seokgye New Economic Hub. This study is on the convergence function knowledge cluster orientation instead of single functioned start-up incubating center. The core of the creative utilization of railway station district public contribution site is not to introduce simple sporadic start-up incubating center, but to form converged collective cluster of ‘expanded start-up incubating function and facility’ and technology, knowledge, industry and culture together with the venture industry. Accordingly, it is close to ‘urban leading edge mini industrial complex’ where the urban leading edge industrial complex concept is condensed. Thus, it must be continually linked with public contribution site usage = start-up incubation + R&D function + connected manufacture function + other support and derivate use. In addition, it must be promoted by public leading project not by private leading project that seeks profit maximization. The public contribution site must be used for public nature and public interest. The core use of the site must be knowledge based service industry to supply hardware and software infrastructure and to seek growth which the private sector cannot promote. Together, the cooperative support of Seoul City is necessary for this ‘Bottom up way of plan.’ A planning and bottom up approach must be made by surveying, analyzing and reflecting the local characteristics of Northeast region of Seoul in order to pursue balanced development of the city. And, in terms of reorganization of urban space structure, it needs cooperation with Seoul City government and local autonomy government. As the local growth opportunity and driving power for growth with the 3.5 million population of region, the regional unbalanced development in Seoul might deepen a new urban problem. In particular, it is absolutely necessary to develop local tailored urban regeneration success case rather than general railway station district development. In this regard this study utilizes university R&D capacity model by 40% of university condensed area with its potentiality in order to commercialize such capacity and to boost local economy by means of new employment. In addition, it creates value expansion urban regeneration model by utilizing the driving force of urban regeneration with its unique regional features and potentiality. Thus, this study suggested the utilization plan of the public contribution site of the railway station district. ‘고용 없는 성장’ 지속에 따른 일자리 창출 부진으로 청년층의 실업 증가와 고용율 저하가 심화되고 있다. 이에 따라 경제성장과 고용확대가 국가적인 과제가 되었고 정부는 이를 반영하여 창조경제와 청년창업 확대를 통해 청년 일자리를 창출하고 경제활성화를 통해 성장과 고용의 선순환 구조를 마련하기 위한 지속적인 정책적인 연구와 방안을 모색하게 되었으며 기술창업을 통한 경제적 수익 및 일자리 창출의 통로구축의 가능성을 대학에서 인지하고 지식의 창출에 머물던 대학에 창출된 지식과 전문인력을 기반으로 하는 지식의 활용형 접근이 이루어지고 있으며 대학을 중심으로 하는 기술창업에 대한 니즈와 역할이 주목받게 되었다. 따라서 서울의 동북권에 서울시 대학의 42%가 입지하고 있어 타 권역에 비교해 대학을 연계한 창업수요자원이 풍부함에도 불구하고 창업지원쎈터가 없는 실정으로 광운.석계신경제거점 조성 사업에서 얻어지는 역세권 공공기여 부지를 활용을 통한 청년일자리창출을 위한 종합청년창업지원쎈터 건립에 따른 연구를 하고자 한다. 본 연구는 단일 기능의 창업지원센터가 아닌 융합기능의 지식형 클러스터 지향할 것이며 역세권 공공기여부지의 창조적 활용의 핵심은 단순히 점(點)적 창업지원센터도입이 아니라, ‘확장된 창업보육기능·시설’, 벤쳐기업과 함께 기술·지식·산업·문화가 융합된 집합적 클러스터가 형성되어야 한다는 연구에 목적을 두고 있다. 따라서 도시첨단산업단지의 개념이 압축된 ‘도시첨단 미니 산단’의 개념에 가까운 공공기여부지 도입용도는 창업보육인큐베이션, 연구개발기능 및 연계제조기능과 기타 지원·파생용도로 지속적으로 연계되어야 된다고 판단하며, 아울러 수익성 극대화의 민간주도가 아닌 공공주도형 사업의 추진되어야 하고 공공기여부지는 말 그대로 공공성과 공익성을 기반으로 사업이 추진되어야하며 부지에 도입되는 핵심용도는 지식기반형 서비스업종으로 민간주체가 추진할 수 없는 분야로서 공공성을 중심으로 하드·소프트 인프라를 공급하고 성장을 유도할 수 있는 사업추진이 필수적이라고 본다. 아울러 상향식 계획안에 대한 서울시의 협력적 지원 필요로 하고 서울시 동북권의 지역특성을 조사·분석·반영하여 계획을 수립하여 서울시 균형발전의 관점과 도시공간구조 재편의 관점에서 서울시와 기초자치구간의 협력이 필요로 하며 동북권의 350만 인구의 배후도시권 위상에 부합하는 지역 성장기회 및 동력 제공 필요성이강하게 대두 되는바 대도시권의 서울 내 지역불균형은 새로운 도시문제로 심화될 가능성을내재하고 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 특별이 일반적 역세권 개발이 아닌 지역맞춤형 도시재생 성공 사례로 육성이 절대적으로 필요로 하다고 보며 서울시 대학의 40%가 밀집한 지역고유특성과 잠재력을 도시재생의 새로운 동력으로 활용하는 모델로 대학 연구개발 능력을 기업화하고 신규고용창출로 지역경제를 활성화하는 가치확산형 도시재생모델의 가치와 함께 지역 고유특성과 잠재력을 도시재생의 원동력을 활용한, 진정한 내생적 도시재생 성공사례로 육성할 필요가 있음을 인지하고 본 연구를 통해 철도 역세권 공공기여부지 활용방안에 대한 연구와 함께 제안을 하고자 한다.