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서경덕,장은석 한국해양과학기술원 2003 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.25 No.3s
In the reliability design of the breakwater armor layer, it is often necessary to calculate its damage accumulated over the life of the breakwater. In this paper, comparison is made between the two methods proposed by Hanzawa et al. in 1996 and Melby and Kobayashi in 1998 to calculate the cumulative damage of the breakwater armor layer. In the case where a severe damage occurs at the beginning of the life of the breakwater, the two methods do not show significant difference, but in general the former predicts a cumulative damage several times larger than the latter.
Effects of Discount Rate and Various Costs on Optimal Design of Caisson Breakwater
서경덕,김경석,김덕래 대한토목학회 2010 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.14 No.2
In this study, the method developed by Goda and Takagi in 2000 for optimal design of a vertical breakwater caisson is extended to take into account the effects of discount rate and economic damage costs due to long-term harbor shutdown and temporal stoppage of harbor operation. The effect of discount rate is important only at smaller return periods where the damage to the caisson frequently occurs. Among the various costs, the initial construction cost and the economic damage cost due to long-term harbor shutdown caused by extraordinary sliding of caissons are found to be equally important in finding the minimum expected total lifetime cost. On the other hand, the rehabilitation cost and the economic damage cost due to temporal stoppage of harbor operation caused by excessive wave overtopping are not so important in the optimal design of the breakwater. In general, in smaller water depths the optimal return period and the corresponding optimal cross-section of the caisson are determined as those yielding the minimum expected total lifetime cost, while they are determined by the allowable expected sliding distance in greater water depths.
서경덕,강면희 ( K . D . Seo,M . H . Kwang ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.5
During the period of 97 day s from June 4, 1974 to September 8, 1974, an experiment had been carried out at College of Agriculture, Korea University to compare effects on the feed consumption, body gain, efficiency of feed utilization and blood composition of growing rabbits that were fed with the experimental ration. In the experiment, 30 heads of 35-45 days-old rabbit were divided into 4 lots; levels of 0.0% (the control lot), 0.2% (A), 0.6% (B), 1.0% (C) NaCl were mixed with the experimental ration. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. In the feed consumption, no significant difference was obtained among A, B and C lots, but the feed consumption of B lot was increased much more than that of the otter lots. The results of control lot showed, however, statistically significant difference from any of other experimental lots at 5% probability level. 2. In the body gain, significant difference (p$lt;0.05) was obtained between control and the other lots. Though no significant difference was obtained from A, B and C lots, the body gain of B lot was higher than that of the other lots. 3. In the feed efficiency no significant difference was obtained in each four lots, but B lot was heigher than that of other treatment lots on the efficiency of feed utilization. 4. In the analysis of blood, the amount of blood total protein was 4.97㎎% in control lot, and the average amount of the other experimental lots was 5.72㎎%. Control of was less than the other experimental lots in amount of blood total protein, and no significant difference was showed through all the experimental lots. Amount of hematocrit was 26.67㎎% in control lot, average 34.33㎎% in the other experimental lots. From the hematocrit contents of the control and other experimental lots, no significant difference was obtained at 5% probability level. In rabbits, the content of blood serum albumin was 4㎎%, blood serum sodium 165.25mEq/l, blood serum potassium 6.45mEq/l. Statistically, through all lots including the control lot no significant difference was obtained in the contents of blood serum albumin, blood serum sodium and serum potassium.