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신 제품 개발을 위한 디자이너와 엔지니어의 역할에 관한 연구
변상환(Byun Sang-Hwan),박경진(Park Kyong-Jin) 한국디자인학회 2010 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
Efficiently re-definition does a designer and the items which I analyze role acid new product development of a designer and an engineer that an engineer had it in the existing Process when progress calls development in order to solve a lot of problems to come into being in role Overlap and a collision, and definition brings down Boundary of role, and isn't brought down definition, and I solve an issue to a business executioner of new position called design - engineer.
Anti-TNF-α 치료를 받은 강직성 척추염 환자들의 체중과 골밀도 변화
이장원 ( Jang Won Lee ),정민석 ( Min Suk Jung ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),이승현 ( Seung Hyun Lee ),오숙경 ( Sook Kyung Oh ),조영선 ( Young Sun Jo ),변상환 ( Sang Hwan Byun ),남경민 ( Kyoung Min Nam ),이충원 ( Choong Won Lee ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.85 No.5
Background/Aims: To determine the changes in body weight and bone mineral density in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment. Methods: Thirty-one patients with AS (25 males and 6 females) who fulfilled the Modified New York Criteria for AS were included in this retrospective study. All patients had active disease that eventually required anti-TNF-α treatment. Each patient received anti-TNF-α treatment (etanercept 25 mg twice weekly or adalimumab 40 mg twice monthly) for more than 2 years. Body weight, disease activity as Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lumbar bone mineral density (LBMD), and femoral bone mineral density (FBMD) were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after initiating anti-TNF-α treatment. Results: There was a significant increase in mean body weight at 1 year (1.1 ± 3.8 kg) and at 2 years (1.7 ± 4.8 kg) compared with baseline. The gains in mean BMD of the lumbar spine were significant at 1 year (0.4 ± 0.4) and 2 years (0.5 ± 0.7) compared with baseline. Mean BMD of the femur was also increased at 1 year (0.08 ± 0.7) and 2 years (0.1 ± 0.8) compared with baseline, but these differences were not statistically significant. There were significant decreases in BASDAI at 1 year (-3.3 ± 2.8) and at 2 years (-3.6 ± 2.8) compared with baseline. Conclusions: This study showed significant increases in body weight, lumbar BMD, and BASDAI at 1 year and 2 years in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after receiving anti-TNF-α treatment. (Korean J Med 2013;85:489-494)