러시아어 파열음에 나타나는 연자음의 음향음성학적 연구

변군혁,Byun, Koon-Hyuk 대한음성학회 2007 말소리 Vol.61 No.-

The present study investigates acoustic cues of russian soft plosive consonants. In previous studies, russian soft consonants are distinguished from hard consonants by F1, F2 of following vowels. The result showed: (1) that F0 of soft plosive consonants in following vowels were lower than those of hard plosive consonants; (2) and that VOT of soft plosive consonants were longer than those of hard plosive consonants. Hence, the present that, in addition to F1, F2, VOT and F0 are detected as acoustic cues that differentiate soft plosive consonants from hard plosive consonant in Russian.

러시아어 마찰음의 중화현상 연구

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2008 인문학연구 Vol.14 No.-

합성을 통한 러시아어 평서문 운율 구조 분석

변군혁(Byun Koon Hyuk),안상철(Ahn Sang Cheol) 한국노어노문학회 2008 노어노문학 Vol.20 No.4

본 논문의 목적은 러시아어 학습에 있어 어떤 운율 자질이 중요하게 작용하는지 알아보고 원어민 발화에 나타난 이 자질들을 한국인 화자의 발화에 합성함으로써 원어민의 발화와 어느 정도 비슷해지는 지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 통해 러시아어 교육에서 억양의 어떤 운율자질을 주의깊게 살펴야 하는지 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문의 실험에서 러시아 원어민 화자와 한국인 화자의 발화를 비교하여 이 두 그룹 사이에 어떠한 운율 자질의 차이를 보이는지를 살필 것이다. 그리고 한국인의 억양에 이 운율자질을 보완하여 합성할 경우, 한국인의 억양이 러시아 원어민의 억양과 유사해지는지를 살펴본다. 또한 한국인 화자의 발화를 러시아원어민의 발화와 합성한 결과를 청취실험을 통해 평가한다. 본 논문에서는 러시아 원어민 화자의 억양에서 주요한 운율 자질을 추출하여 한국인 화자에 적용시켰을 경우 비교적 자연스러운 러시아어 발화를 할 수 있음을 보여줌으로써 러시아어 학습시 분절음의 발음뿐 아니라 러시아어 억양이 매우 중요함을 보여주고자 한다. This paper examines the major differences between the Russian native speakers utterances and those of Korean learners, with respect the various prosodic aspects. To this end, we use Praat scripts to superimpose the native speakers' prosodic features to the Korean learners' utterances. We then measure to what extent the superimposed utterances show perceptual improvements, comparing with the earlier ones. The experiments are focused on the F0 and durational differences, while the superimposition procedure is divided into three steps, i.e., 'duration only', 'fundamental frequency only' and 'duration and fundamental frequency' for perception tests. The overall test results show that fundamental frequency takes a more important role in the perception of intonational pattern in a natural speech.

러시아어와 이탈리아어 겹자음의 유형론적 비교

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 한국이탈리아어문학회(구 한국이어이문학회) 2015 이탈리아어문학 Vol.0 No.46

The purpose of this paper to analyze geminates in Russian and Italian. Geminate refers to a long or double consonant that contrasts phonemically with its shorter or singleton counterpart. It is not uncommon to find examples of geminates in many languages. We can find many examples of geminates in Russian and Italian as well. But phonological status of two languages is not same. Hayes(1986) distinguishes ``true`` geminates from ``fake`` ones. ``True`` geminates are doubly linked and ``fake`` geminates are linked just singly linked into segments. In Russian most geminates are found in boundary of morphemes, but few are within morphemes. And Russian geminates found within morphemes are all loanwords originated from other languages. Unlike in Russian, there are many geminates that are found within morphemes and boundary of morphemes in Italian. Russian geminates found in boundary of morphemes can be splittable by epenthesis. But Italian ones can``t be splittable by epenthesis. In this regard, it can be said that Russian has fake geminates but Italian has true geminates. And it is noticeable that geminates are found frequently in intervocalic and immediate post-accent position in both Russian and Italian. The environment of Raddoppiamento Sintattico, the gemination of a word initial consonant when preceded by a stressed vowel, is the same position. As the result of RS, there are many gemintes found in Italian. Russian palatal [s``:] and Italian palatals [s], [n] are internally long consonants and pronounced longer than any single consonants in any position.

실험음성학적 관점에서 바라본 러시아어 마찰음 ш와 щ의 음성적 특징 연구

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2012 슬라브연구 Vol.28 No.3

러시아어 자음체계에서 마찰음 щ는 매우 독특한 위치를 점하고 있다. 마찰음 щ의 음운적 지위에 대해서는 여러 학자들의 견해가 서로 다르지만, 음성적으로 [s`:]로 실현된다는 것에서는 대체로 일치된 견해를 보인다. 즉, 마찰음 щ가 마찰음 ш에 대응하는 장연자음(долгий мягкий)이라는 것이다. 본고는 지금까지 많은 연구가 되었지만, 아직까지 일치된 견해를 보이지 못하는 마찰음 щ의 음운론적 지위에 대한 논의에서 벗어나 마찰음 ш와 щ의 음성적 특징을 통해 이 두 마찰음의 대립을 설명하고자 한다. 본고에서는 경자음-연자음 대립을 이루고 있는 마찰음 ш와 щ의 음성적 특징을 알아보기 위해 마찰소음구간 길이, F2, F0, 에너지 집중도를 비교하였다. 본격적인 실험에 앞서, 조음점의 차이로 인해 예상되는 가설을 먼저 설정하고 실험 가설과 실험 결과가 일치하는지를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 두 마찰음의 조음점 차이는 마찰소음 길이와 F2에서 분명히 나타났다. 그러나 에너지 집중도의 경우 두 집단 간 차이가 확연한 차이를 보이지 않을 것이라는 가설과 달리 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 또한, F0는 실험 가설과 달리 두 마찰음의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 실험 결과를 토대로 이 두 음의 음성적 차이를 살펴보면 마찰소음의 길이 차이는 щ가 장음이라는 사실을 뒷받침하고, F2의 차이는 두 음이 경자음과 연자음의 대립을 이루고 있음을 뒷받침하며, 에너지 집중도의 차이는 두 음의 조음점 차이를 뒷받침해준다. 본고는 기존의 음운론적 관점에서 벗어나 음성적으로 대응 관계에 있는 마찰음 ш와 щ의 음성적 특징을 실험음성학점 관점에서 분석하여 두 음의 차이를 실증적으로 입증했다. Russian fricative щ(shch) has a peculiar position. There are many different explanations about phonological position of fricative щ. But there is the same opinion that fricative щ is realized as [s`:] on the surface form. Soft щ is the long soft consonant relating to hard consonant ш. This paper aims to explain the articulatory position of fricative ш and щ and to explain how the two fricatives contrast each other not by phonological but by phonetic approach. In order to explain the contrast between two fricatives, I look over several acoustic cues; fricative noise duration, F2(second formant), F0(fundamental frequency) and energy concentration. At first, I assume possible hypothesis which is expected in the result of the articulatory difference of two consonants. And through the experiment, I make an inspection of the difference between two consonants. The result of experiment shows that two consonants have differences in fricative noise duration, F2, energy concentration. However F0 is not different each other, thus the result is not in accordance with the hypothesis. Instead, this study shows the same result from the previous study by Byun(2007)The difference of F2 value between two fricative consonants shows that they have a different articulatory position. Moreover, medium F2 value, 1876Hz, of soft consonant щ is equal to Fant(1960)`s result that Russian soft consonants have F2 value above 1700Hz. So the result of this experiment supports that Russian fricative щ is soft consonant. And the difference of fricative noise duration between two consonants shows that they have a different duration of production. This supports that fricative щ is long consonant. There are many researches on fricatives ш and щ. These researches have almost done through phonological explanation. But there are few papers about acoustic features of the difference between two consonants by phonetic approach. In this regard, I try to prove the features of fricatives ш and щ and the difference of two consonants not by phonological but by phonetic approach. The result of this experiment supports the phonologists` insistence that Russian fricative щ is long soft fricative relating to hard fricative ш.

의문문의 억양구조: 러시아어와 이탈리아어의 유형론적 분석

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 한국이탈리아어문학회(구 한국이어이문학회) 2014 이탈리아어문학 Vol.0 No.43

The purpose of this paper is to analyze intonation of interrogatives in Russian and Italian. In prosodic terms, universal characteristic of questions is a high final pitch. This corresponds to the fact that questions have rising intonation whereas declaratives have falling intonation. And Hirst & Di Cristo(1998) argued that in many languages, including Russian, the intonation of wh-questions is described as being more similar to that of statements than that of yes-no questions. In this paper, I surveyed the intonation pattern of two types of interrogatives, yes-no questions and wh-questions, in Russian and Italian. At first, the two languages have different intonation pattern in yes-no questions. Russian has a final-falling tone, in other words, low boundary tone, while Italian has a final-rising tone, high boundary tone. On the other hand, Russian and Italian have a common intonation pattern of wh-questions, final-falling tone. In Russian, the intonation of declaratives and wh-questions has low boundary tone in unmarked context. What``s more, boundary tone of yes-no questions in Russian also has low tone. As a result, in Russian intonation patterns of interrogatives and declaritives have no difference but have same final falling tone. In Italian, there is a difference between yes-no questions and wh-questions. The intonation pattern of declaratives and wh-questions is low boundary tone in unmarked context. While the intonation pattern of yes-no questions is high boundary tone.

러시아어 자음 탈락의 최적성 이론 분석

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.64

This paper offers analysis of consonant deletion in Russian with the perspective of Optimality Theory. Many researchers have tried to explain this phenomenon with Sonority Sequencing Principle. With lots of exceptions and the problems of circular reasoning, this traditional approach, however, has been confronted with significant limitations. It leads many researchers to take a profound interest in acoustic cues of segments. Like other languages, in Russian plosives [t] and [d] are deleted in consonant cluster. To delete plosives among consonant cluster is a language-universal. In regards to the position of deleted consonant, it is observed that consonant deletion occurs frequently in the middle of a cluster, not the edge of cluster. In three-consonant cluster VC1C2C3V, it is typically that C2 is deleted. It can be explained that the consonant does not benefit from any vocalic transitions, like locus frequency. On the other hand, C3 is the perceptually strongest consonant, so it is rarely deleted. Moreover, in the V1CCV2 structure, V2 affects consonants more than V1. It is related to the language-specific feature of Russian. Ohman(1966) reported that the type of coarticulation observed in Swedish and English did not obtain in the Russian. Therefore, consonant cluster deletion in Russian reflects both the language-universal feature and the language-specific feature.

고아시아어족 전통혼례 의식에 나타나는 불의 상징물

변군혁(Byun, Koon-Hyuk),김민수(Kim, Min-Soo) 동북아시아문화학회 2017 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.50

This paper aims to analyze the significance of fire in traditional wedding ceremonies among the Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen and Nivkh in the Far East. It is believed that they retain comparatively more ancient cultural elements of Northeast Asia. Fire has such great symbolic meanings for a person"s life as restoration through destruction, purification, lighting, protection from cold and beasts, so they worshiped the fire and regarded it as a sacred thing. They also treated fire as living substance and gave it symbolic meanings such as sacred energy, power of recreation, resurrection, union, etc. Such values and symbolic meanings of fire were embodied in different ritual objects, in particular the home hearth. The hearth was the central and sacred place of daily life. It was a symbol of the heritage of tradition and the eternal duration of the family. Therefore, it was strictly forbidden to divide it a stranger, mix it with another kind of fire and allow others to use it. Various prohibitions around the fire are removed through wedding rituals. Wedding is official rite for the connection of two families and the creation of a new family and a new generation. It clearly identifies such symbolic meanings of fire as the connection and recreation. Therefore, in wedding ceremonies, these meanings are expressed through different ritual objects. Symbolic items of fire for the Chukchi are deer, deer blood, fire board, hearth and ashes, and for Koryak - deer, deer blood, and hearth. A deer in the mythological representation of the reindeer herder is a symbol of the sun. For the Nivkh, the tube, dishes, cauldron and the dog are secondary symbolic objects. However, in the wedding ceremonies of the Itelmen, a ritual object related to fire is not shown. This can be explained by the fact that the cooking methods of the Itelmen are different from those of the Chukchi and Koryak, and therefore the hearth and the cauldron did not function as symbols of the wedding.

러시아어 연자음의 변별자질 연구

변군혁 ( Koon Hyuk Byun ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2006 언어연구 Vol.23 No.2

This paper investigates the distinctive features of Russian soft consonants. In order to find out it I examined previous studies, including the studies of Halle, Kang et al., and Rubach. These studies share the same distinctive features [+high, -back]. But these features only can`t represent Russian soft consonants. The result showed that Russian soft consonants have the same distinctive features [+high, -back, +pal]. (HUFS)

러시아어의 영어 외래어 표기 연구

변군혁 ( Byun Koon Hyuk ) 배재대학교 한국-시베리아센터 2020 한국시베리아연구 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 러시아어에 나타나는 외래어 표기에서 영어에서 유래한 외래어들이 러시아어에 어떤 방식으로 유입되는지 살펴보기 위해 여러 가지 요인을 통해 분석하는 것이다. 외래어는 한 언어의 어휘목록을 풍부하게 하지만 동일한 단어를 서로 다르게 표기함으로써 청자들에게 혼란을 가중시키는 결과를 낳기도 하므로 언어 체계 내에서 외래어 표기에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 러시아어 외래어 표기에서 영어 차용 외래어의 전사 방식을 분석한 결과 철자, 발음, 형태소, 문법 등의 다양한 요인들이 작용함을 알 수 있다. 이 중 철자와 발음에 의한 방식이 외래어 표기에 생산적으로 작용하고 관용적으로 사용되는 형태소에 의한 표기 방식도 중요하게 작용한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze how foreign words derived from English are introduced into Russian through various factors. Foreign words enrich the vocabulary list of a language. However, sometimes foreign words make confusion for listeners by transcribing the same word differently. In particular, same proper nouns that are used differently cause many problems. Therefore, it can be considered that understanding of transcription of foreign words within a language system is important. There are a variety of factors that determine the input of foreign words to recipient languages. As a result of analyzing transcription of foreign words borrowed from English in Russian, it can be seen that various factors depending on spelling, pronunciation, morpheme, and grammar work. Among them, factors due to spelling and pronunciation work productively, and factors due to morphemes that are used idiomatically also play a large role.