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중국의 지역간 문화차이에 관한 실증연구: 재중 한국 대기업 자회사의 중국 종업원을 중심으로
백권호,안종성 중국학연구회 2004 중국학연구 Vol.- No.27
This article aims at confirming to figure out the difference of cultural characteristics among regions in China, that has been asserted by many scholars already. For this research purpose, the approach and methodology which Hofstede has adopted, was used in this paper, especially the definition of culture and its operational variables, namely power distance, collectivism or individualism, masculine or feminine, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term or short-term orientation. 367 samples have been collected from subsidiaries of large korean firms in China. Two-way ANOVA of SPSS package program was used to test the hypotheses. As the result, this paper have confirmed some differences of cultural characteristics among regions in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. We have also found that there could exist some cultural differences among different scholarships in terms of individualism and long-term orientation. According to the result, The attitude of uncertainty avoidance in Huadong region is high, while in Huabei, Dongbei is relatively low level. Long-term orientation is high in Huanan region, while in Shandong, Huabei and Dongbei is relatively low. It is very interesting that the attitude of individualism is remarkably high and uncertainty avoidance is so low for group of people who have college graduate scholarship, while the other group of middle & high school graduate inclining to the attitudes of collectivism and high uncertainty avoidance.
백권호 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2008 중국과 중국학 Vol.7 No.-
After implementing an aggressive inducement policy of foreign direct investment for more than twenty years, Chinese Government is now on the verge of executing a promotion policy for Chinese firms to do ‘goingabroad’ strategy as well from 2002. With the opening up of the China market after her accession to the WTO and foreign firms flocking to the market, internationalization is an unevitable development for Chinese firms, which have to face the challenges of severe global competition even in her own domestic market. There exist some other pushing factors for Chinese firms to invest abroad, such as abundance of Chinese foreign exchange reserve, lack of strategic resources, and trade conflicts at the advanced countries markets in Europe and North America etc. There are two kinds of inclination for Chinese foreign direct investment until now in terms of the purpose of investment. The one is to secure strategic resources, which are important to build up their core competences and then enhance their competitiveness for Chinese firms, but not available or being in shortage in China. The other is to expand foreign markets for the growth of firms. For the purpose of the former Chinese firms, usually big SOEs are inclined to prefer M&A as a foreign entry mode. But for the latter they, SM private enterprises prefer the mode of greenfield or joint venture. Even though Chinese firms especially large SOEs are very aggressive and positive to do international M&A and some clues are exist in the articles that insist strategic resource capability building FDI of firms from newly developing countries could succeed, it is not quite sure that they could possibly succeed or not in terms of performance, because of their lack of experiences of international business know-how and of core competencies, which are essential to do FDI successfully.
백권호,서석흥 중국학연구회 2006 中國學硏究 Vol.- No.35
Foreign Direct Investment of Chinese Firms and It's Prospects 철강바오스틸브라질- '02년, 세계 최대 철광석채굴회사인 CVRD社와 합작, 연 370만 톤 생산의 대형 제철회사 설립석유및 천연가스CNOOC인도네시아- '02년, 인도네시아 유전개발권 매수호주- '03년, 고곤 LNG 프로젝트 권리(12.5%) 매입CNPC인도네시아- '04년, 아메라다 헤스(美)社 보유 인도네시아 유전권리(50%) 매수알제리- '03년, 아드라르 유전개발 및 정제공장 건설 프 로젝트 낙찰(3억 5천만 달러) 카자크스탄- '05년 PK 석유공사 100% 지분 인수총 20개 국가- 44개 협력 프로젝트 체결, 가채 매장량 기준, 7.36억 톤 확보SICOPEC아제르바이잔- 아제르바이잔 국영석유기업과 Pirshagi 유전개 발을 위한 합작회사 설립이란- 향후 30년간 LNG 2억 5천만톤 공급 계약- 야다바란 유전 지분 50% 획득