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배지숙 샘터사 1997 월간 샘터 Vol.28 No.11

Changes in the Distribution of Maternal Age and Parity and Increasing Trends in the Low Birth Weight Rate in Korea Between 1995 and 2005

배지숙,박정한,박유근,김종연,이상원,박순우 대한예방의학회 2011 예방의학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: This study measured the impact of shifts in maternal age and parity on the increase in the low birth weight (LBW) rate in Korea. Methods: We obtained raw data for all 6 397 945 live births registered at the Korea National Statistical Office between 1995 and 2005. We calculated the proportion of increment in the LBW rate due to changes in the distribution of maternal age and parity (AP-dis) and the proportion due to changes in the age- and parity-specific LBW rate (AP-spe). Results: The LBW rate increased from 3.02% in 1995 to 4.28% in 2005. The multiple birth rate increased from 1.32% to 2.19% during the same period. Of the 1.26% points increment in the LBW rate, 0.64% points occurred among singleton births and 0.62% points occurred among multiple births. Changes in the AP-dis accounted for 50% of the increase in the LBW rate among singleton births, but did not contribute to the increase in the LBW rate among multiple births. The remainder of the total increment in the LBW rate was explained by the increase in the AP-spe. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that shifts in maternal age and parity among singleton births and increased multiple births were important contributors to the increment in the LBW rate. This study also revealed that the increase in the AP-spe was an equally important contributor as the shifts in maternal age and parity to the increment in the LBW rate among singleton births and was a major contributor among multiple births.

Modifying Effect of Suicidal Ideation on the Relationship Between Asthma and Cigarette Use Behaviors Among Korean Adolescents

배지숙,박은영,박순우 대한예방의학회 2011 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: Although cigarette smoking is known to be related to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, several studies have indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among asthmatic adolescents is similar to or even higher than that among non-asthmatic adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors and whether or not the presence of suicidal ideation modifies this relationship among Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2008 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette use behaviors among current asthmatics, former asthmatics, and nonasthmatics,after adjusting for gender, grade, school records, socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and suicidal ideation. Results: Of 75 238 study participants, 3.5% were current asthmatics and 4.5% were former asthmatics. Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatics were more likely to report current cigarette use, frequent and heavy cigarette use, and cigarette use before 13 years of age. There were statistically significant interactions between asthma and suicidal ideation in cigarette use behaviors. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that asthmatic adolescents are more likely than non-asthmatic adolescents to engage in cigarette use behaviors and the presence of suicidal ideation is an effect modifier of the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors. Particular attention should be paid to the awareness of health risks of cigarette smoking and mental health problems among asthmatic adolescents.

흡연, 음주, 폐결핵과 폐암 발생 위험에 관한 코호트 연구

배지숙,곽진,박수경,신해림,장성훈,유근영,Bae, Ji-Suk,Gwack, Jin,Park, Sue-Kyung,Shin, Hai-Rim,Chang, Soung-Hoon,Yoo, Keun-Young 대한예방의학회 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis, and their interactions in the risk of lung cancer in a Korean cohort. Methods : The study subjects comprised 13,150 males and females aged above 20 years old. During the follow up period from 1993 to 2002, 79 lung cancer cases were identified by the central cancer registry and the national death certificate database. Information on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the history of physician-diagnosed tuberculosis was obtained by interview. Indirect chest X-ray findings were also evaluated to ascertain tuberculosis cases. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for age and gender. Results : Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [for current smokers, RR = 2.33 (95% CI = 1.23 - 4.42) compared to non-smokers]. After further adjustment for cigarette smoking, both alcohol consumption and tuberculosis showed no statistically significant association with the risk of lung cancer [for current drinkers, RR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.48 - 1.33) compared to non-drinkers] [for tuberculosis cases, RR = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.58 - 2.36) compared to non-cases]. There was no statistically significant interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (p-interaction = 0.38), or cigarette smoking and tuberculosis (p-interaction = 0.74). Conclusions : Although cigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor of lung cancer in this cohort study, this study suggests that alcohol consumption and tuberculosis may not be associated with the risk of lung cancer.

Differences in Cigarette Use Behaviors by Age at the Time of Diagnosis With Diabetes From Young Adulthood to Adulthood: Results From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

배지숙 대한예방의학회 2013 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.46 No.5

Objectives: Previous observations propose that risk-taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking are prevailing among young people with chronic conditions including diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cigarette smoking is more prevalent among diabetics than non-diabetics and whether it differs by age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes from young adulthood (YAH)to adulthood (AH). Methods: We used US panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health Study) during the years 2001to 2002 (Wave III, YAH) and 2007 to 2008 (Wave IV, AH). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cigarette use behaviors according to age at the time of diagnosis with diabetes, after adjusting for demographic and selected behavioral factors. Results: Of 12 175 study participants, 2.6% reported having been diagnosed with diabetes up to AH. Early-onset diabetics (age at diagnosis <13 years) were more likely than non-diabetics to report frequent cigarette smoking (smoking on ≥20 days during the previous 30 days) in YAH (OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.27 to 8.79). On the other hand, late-onset diabetics (age at diagnosis ≥13 years) were more likely than non-diabetics to report heavy cigarette smoking (smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day during the previous 30 days) in AH (OR,1.54; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.30). Conclusions: The current study indicated that diabetics are more likely than non-diabetics to smoke cigarettes frequently and heavily in YAH and AH. Effective smoking prevention and cessation programs uniquely focused on diabetics need to be designed and implemented.

Effects of Socio-demographic Factors on the Decreasing Trend in the Sex Ratio at Birth in Korea, 1997-2017

배지숙 대한예방의학회 2020 예방의학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of socio-demographic factors on the decreasing trend in the sex ratio at birth from 1997 to 2017 in Korea. Methods: Data from 10 349 602 live births registered with Statistics Korea from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed. The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of male to female live births, during the study period (1997-1999 [phase I], 2000-2002 [phase II], 2003-2005 [phase III], 2006-2008 [phase IV], 2009-2011 [phase V], 2012-2014 [phase VI], and 2015-2017 [phase VII]) was calculated according to selected socio-demographic factors, such as parental age, education, occupation, and birth order. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for a male birth after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The SSR gradually decreased from 1.10 (in 1998-2000 and 2002) to 1.05 (in 2013-2016). While a decreasing trend in the SSR was not noted among first births, male-biased sex ratios were prominent among third and higher-order births, for which the highest SSR was 1.46 in 1998. Higher birth order was significantly associated with an excess of male births in phases I-VI (≥third vs. first, OR range, 1.03 to 1.35). Advanced maternal age was significantly associated with an excess of female births in phases II, III, and V (≥40 vs. 20-24 years, OR range, 0.92 to 0.95). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that advanced maternal age and reduction of the artificially-biased SSR among third and higher-order births may partially explain the decreasing trend in the SSR from 1997 to 2017 in Korea.

Influence of Asthma on the Longitudinal Trajectories of Cigarette Use Behaviors From Adolescence to Adulthood Using Latent Growth Curve Models

배지숙 대한예방의학회 2015 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.48 No.2

Objectives: While epidemiologic research indicates that the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors including cigarette smoking among young people with asthma is substantial, the longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking in this vulnerable population have received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors from adolescence to adulthood between young people with and without asthma. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) during the years 1994 to 1995 (Wave I, adolescence), 2001 to 2002 (Wave III, young adulthood), and 2007 to 2008 (Wave IV, adulthood) were analyzed (n=12 244). Latent growth curve models were used to examine the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood according to asthma status. Results: Regardless of asthma status, the trajectory means of cigarette use behaviors were found to increase, and then slightly decrease from adolescence to adulthood. In total participants, there were no statistically significant differences in initial levels and changes in cigarette use behaviors according to asthma status. However, in select sex and race subgroups (i.e., females and non-whites), former asthmatics showed greater escalation in cigarette use behaviors than did non-asthmatics or current asthmatics. Conclusions: This study indicated that the changing patterns of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood among young people with asthma are comparable to or even more drastic than those among young people without asthma.

Changes in Dietary Behavior Among Adolescents and Their Association With Government Nutrition Policies in Korea, 2005-2009

배상근,김종연,김건엽,박순우,배지숙,이원기 대한예방의학회 2012 예방의학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Objectives: This study was conducted to observe recent changes in adolescents’ dietary behavior and indirectly evaluate the effects of the government’s nutritional policies in Korea. Methods: We analyzed the secular trends in seven dietary behaviors using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data from 2005 to 2009. Through literature review, we included the policies implemented for the improvement of adolescents’dietary behaviors during the same periods. Results: The significant linear trends were observed in all dietary behaviors (p<0.05). Overall, all behaviors except the fruit intake rate were desirably changed during five years but undesirable changes were observed between 2008 and 2009in all behaviors. Within those periods, several policies were implemented including ‘Ban on carbonated-beverages in school’, ‘Green Food Zone’, etc. Despite confirmed evidence of their effects, the policies on individual behavior such as nutrition education didn’t influence the prevalence of dietary behaviors because they were conducted to too limited persons. Polices on the school environmental improvement, such as ban on carbonated beverage in school, were more effective because they decreased the exposure of undesirable food environment. However, for effect of Green Food Zone improving community environment we couldn’t come to a conclusion because of too short period after full implementation. Conclusions: Among government nutrition policies conducted from 2005 to 2009, those on environmental improvement,especially in school, were more effective than those on individual behavior. Therefore, the development and implement of policies on school environmental improvement are needed in Korea.

구강 용액에 따른 구강 간호 수행이 요양병원 입원 노인의 구강건강상태와 치아착색에 미치는 효과

배지숙(Bae, Jisuk),박희옥(Park, Heeok) 한국성인간호학회 2017 성인간호학회지 Vol.29 No.3

심정지 후 소생 환자에서 나타나는 저산소성 근간대경련의 특성과 예측인자

배재종,최상천,민영기,이지숙,박은정 대한응급의학회 2014 大韓應急醫學會誌 Vol.25 No.6

Purpose: Hypoxic myoclonus is usually a sign of favorable prognosis in cardiac arrest survivors. No single specific factor has yet been consistently predictive of myoclonus or status epilepticus accompanying post-cardiac arrest status. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics and the predicting factors of myoclonus in patients who recovered from cardiac arrest. Methods: A single center, retrospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013. A total of 174 patients who were over 18 years of age and who survived longer than 72 hours after cardiac arrest were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the development of myoclonus. Individual characteristics, information related to cardiac arrest and post-cardiac arrest status, method of evaluation and treatment, and the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score were collected. Results: Of all patients, 42 were assigned to the myoclonus group and 132 to the non-myoclonic group. Forty patients (95.2%) in the myoclonic group presented with generalized myoclonus. Asphyxia, as a presumed cause of arrest, was a statistically significant variable of myoclonus development after cardiac arrest (p=0.048). Initial arrest rhythm, laboratory test, and therapeutic hypothermia were not associated with development of myoclonus. The myoclonic group showed a significant tendency to increase the rate of poor neurologic outcome (CPC 3 to 5) compared to the non-myoclonic group (p<0.00). Conclusion: Asphyxia as a cause of arrest may be the single early predictor for development of hypoxic myoclonus in post-cardiac arrest patients.