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배재수 한국임학회 2000 한국산림과학회지 Vol.89 No.2
The purposes of this study were to reveal the backgrounds, process, and evaluation of the $quot;Forest Survey Project(1910)$quot; and to determine the influence of the $quot;Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)$quot;, which was based upon the results of the project, on forest policy in the early period of the General-Government of Korea. The forest survey project was conducted by two Japanese, Kiuchi and Saito, to understand the forest distribution in the Korean Peninsula by ownership and stand. However, the accuracy of the project was very low due to the lack of budget and time. Especially, village forests and special easement forests in the northern peninsula were classified into the Nation Forest without Administration caused by the informality and arbitrariness of the survey. Nevertheless, the General-Government of Korea used the results of the survey for establishing the forest policy on the classification of the forest land ownership in Korea at that time. The $quot;Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea(1910)$quot; was based upon the results of the survey as mentioned above. The comments was realized as colonial forest policy through the Forest Ordinance in 1911 and a series of policies consolidating the modern forest ownership. To conclude, the $quot;Forest Survey Project$quot; was used to establish colonial forest policy in the early of the General-Government of Korea while its accuracy was truly low. Moreover, the $quot;Comments on the Classification of Forest Land Ownership in Korea$quot; had a great influence on the formulating the directions and details of colonial forest policy in Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism.
1910년 한반도 산림의 이해: 조선임야분포도의 수치화를 중심으로
배재수,김은숙 한국산림과학회 2019 한국산림과학회지 Vol.108 No.3
The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the forest information shown in the Korean Peninsula Forest Distribution Map (KPFDM) printed in 1910. First, the background, process, results, and reliability of the Forest Survey Project (1910), which is the basis of the KPFDM, were evaluated. Next, the information of the KPFDM, preserved as a paper map, was digitized to show forest status and forest type. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: Analyzing the Korean peninsula of the 1910 period in terms of the present South and North Korean regions, stocked forests were found to be more widely distributed (73%) in the northern region. The southern region largely consisted of deforested areas, with young-growth trees and unstocked forests making up 80% of all forests there. The northern region had abundant natural forests, with 80% of the forests in Yanggang-do, which currently includes Mt. Baekdu and the Hyesan area, composed of stocked forests. Pinus densiflora was found about 2.7 times more often in the southern region than in the northern region. Large numbers of coniferous trees excluding Pinus densiflora were found in the northern region. In particular, 53% of the forests and 72% of the stocking land in the southern region were composed of Pinus densiflora. 이 연구의 목적은 1910년에 제작된 조선임야분포도의 산림정보를 해석하고 그 의미를 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해먼저 조선임야분포도 제작의 바탕이 되는 임적조사의 배경, 추진과정, 결과와 그 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 다음으로 종이 도면으로 남아 있는 조선임야분포도의 정보를 수치화하여 산림상태, 임상 면적 정보를 생산하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1910년 한반도를 현재의 남한과 북한 지역으로 구분하여 분석할 경우, 북한지역이 성림지의 73%가 분포할 정도로 남한지역보다 좋은 산림을 보유하고 있었다. 당시 남한지역은 치수발생지와 무립목지가 전체 산림의 8할을 차지할 정도로 황폐화된 산림이 많았다. 현재 백두산과 혜산이 포함된 양강도 산림의 8할이 성림지로 구성되어 있을 정도로 우량한 산림을 보유하고 있었다. 소나무는 남한지역이 북한지역보다 약 2.7배 많이 분포하였다. 소나무 이외의 침엽수는 대부분 북한지역에 분포하였다. 특히 남한지역 임야의 53%, 입목지 면적의 72%가 소나무로 구성되어 있었다.