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공중이용시설의 냉각탑수 및 실내외 공기중 레지오넬라균과 그 외 미생물의 분포 특성에 관한 연구
This reserch was carried out to investigate the indoor and outdoor distribution of L. pnewnophilu and microbes from 272 sites cooling towers of public facilities detected L. pneumophila in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The results showed that the L. pneumophila among the selected 132 cooling towers was detected mostly in July (12.0%), followed by August (4.0%) and June(0%), September(0%) in 2001 and 140 cooling towers was detected mostly in June (15.0%), followed by July(l4.0%), and August(8.5%), September(4.3%) in 2002. The L. pneumophila in public facilities was detected mostly in department store (27.3%), followed by hospital (9.0%), office building (5.9%), mart (5.0%) and hotel(0%), subway(0%) in 2001 and it was detected department store (25.0%), follwed by hospital(22.7%) in 2002. The pH values, temperature, turbidity of cooling tower water with presence of L. pnemophila showed pH 6.88 - 8.86, 26∼ 35℃, 1.3∼3.5 NTU during 2001~ 2002. Consequently it is considered that pH, temperature, turbidity is an environmental factor which has a great effect on the proliferation of L. pneumophila. The average numbers of clusters of L. pneumophila in 2001 were found to be 200 CFU/100㎖, in July and 600 CFU/100㎖ in August, respectively and none was detected in June and September. Bacteria was detected every month from June through September, and the average number of clusters in August was 110,000 CFU/㎖ which was the highest of all. Fungus and Coliform were detected every month from June through September and the highest average number of clusters of fungus was 97 CFU/㎖ in June and that of Coliform was 27 CFU/㎖ in July. The average numbers of clusters of L. pneumophila, 2002 were found to be 600 CFU/l00㎖, in July and 400 CFU/100㎖ in August, 200 CFU/100㎖ in June and September. Bacteria was detected every month from June through September, and the average number of clusters in July was 170,000 CFU/㎖ which was the highest of all. Fungus and Coliform were detected every month from June through September and the highest average number of clusters of fungus was 80 CFU/㎖ in July and that of Coliform was 34 CFU/㎖ in August. The average S. aureus was not detected from June through September. The average P. aeruginosa was detected 29 CFU/l0㎖, in August and 18 CFU/l0㎖ in July. When we look into the correlation between L. pneumophila and microbes of cooling tower, it was found that there was no correlation between the detection of L. pneumophila in cooling tower during 2001~ 2002. When we looked into the correlation between indoor air and outdoor air statistically, It showed a very high correlation with its correlation coefficient of L. pneumophila (0.67(p=0.06), bacteria(0.93(p=0.00) ) , fungus (0.94(p=0.00)), coliform(O.98(p=0.00) ) in indoor and outdoor air. L. pneumophila and Temperature showed low correlation r=0.096 (p=0.342), r=0.006(p=0.951) in indoor and outdoor air. L. pnetrmophila and Humidity showed low Correlation r=0.022 (p=0.824), r=0.020(p=0.825) in indoor and outdoor air.
종교마다 믿는 대상이 있고 그 대상을 예배하는 의식(ritual)이 있다. 종교는 그 의식을 통해 생명을 지속하고 신앙인들을 결속시키고 있다. 그렇기에 종교마다 그 수준에 따라 비록 차등은 있다 하더라도 나름대로 예배라는 의식을 위해 최선을 다하고 있다. 하지만 각종 규례와 실천적인 부분에서의 이념의 차이에서 비롯된 잘못된 해석들로 인해 예배의 진정한 의미가 퇴색되어지고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이에 따라 개신교의 가장 중요한 성례전(sacrament)인 세례 역시 일련의 과정으로 전락해 버렸다. 교회의 예배와 성례가 그 본질을 잃어가면서 몸통에 잘 붙어있는 건강한 나뭇가지와 질 좋은 열매를 맺을 수 있는 여건을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 그리스도의 몸에 깊숙이 뿌리 내리지 못한 교회가 어떻게 좋은 결실을 얻을 수 있단 말인가? 『성경전서』(대한성서공회 개역개정판), 요한복음 15:4절. 또한 세례의식의 이러한 전락이 우리에게 시사해주는 것은 오늘날 행해지고 있는 세례가 그 속에 담긴 분명한 메시지를 그리스도인들에게 전하지 못하고 있다는 것이다. 초기 교회 교부들의 기록들을 살펴보면 세례에 대한 설교(homily)와 의식(ritual), 상징(typology) 그리고 찬송시(hymn)가 있음을 발견할 수 있는데, 수없이 많은 이미지(Image)들로 세례에 담긴 메시지들을 엮어가고 있다. 이러한 예문들을 살펴보면서 생각할 수 있었던 것은, 개인적으로 세례에 대해 편협하고 좁은 지식을 갖고 있다는 것과 현 감리교가 발행한 『새 예배서』의 세례 예문이 사람들로 하여금 풍성한 이미지를 경험할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있지 못하다는 점이다. 따라서 필자는 본 논문에서 초기 교회 교부들의 세례 예문들을 통해 그 안에 담긴 세례에 대한 여러 이미지들을 정리해보고자 한다. 이 과정은 절대 고리타분한 작업이 아니며, 현 감리교회의 세례 예문에 한층 깊고 분명한 세례 이미지들을 더해주는 소중한 작업이 될 것이라고 믿는다. This research purports to summarize and introduce the images of baptism conducted in the Early Church Fathers. In Chapter II, West Syria Church Fathers, which made the images of baptism through their sermons, were introduced. Melito of Sardis made the image of baptism through dipping the body in water, sunrise, and sunset. Cyril, a bishop of Jerusalem, made the image of baptism through exodus, a witch, Christians' hardship, and anointing. John Chrysostom made the image of baptism through getting buried and standing up, and Theodore of Mopsuestia, through new birth, guarantee, garment of immorality, the womb of birth, and potter. Chapter III described East Syria Church Fathers who made the image of baptism through hymn. For the information on the East Syria Church Fathers, the Odes of Solomon, the Gospel according to Philip, Aphrahat, and Ephrem were referred. It was not easy to understand the accurate meanings of poems so the phrases were quoted as they were and explained. Chapter IV described the images of baptism by Italian Church Fathers which was found in the worship sentences for rituals. For the summary of the baptism images of Italian Church Fathers, the Shepherd of Hermas, Justin Martyr, Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus, Zeno of Verona, Ambrose of Milan were referred. Chapter V put its focus on Tertullian of North Africa. Tertullian made the image of baptism through fish and Trinity. There are more church fathers in addition to Tertullian, but their images of baptism couldn't be found. Chapter VI, the conclusion, examined the worship sentences of the baptism found in the Korean Methodist New Book of Worship based on the baptism images of West Syria Church Fathers, East Syria Church Fathers, Italian Church Fathers, and North African Church Fathers, and thought about the future direction for improvement.