부동산평가업계의 공정경쟁 룰 확립

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ),홍길성 ( Gil Soung Hong ) 한국감정평가학회 2006 감정평가학논집 Vol.5 No.1

Recently, real estate appraisers have increased on a large scale. According to this environment, the number of unfair competition examples has been greatly increasing. Such as this unfair competition makes to lose reputation from his clients and the public. How can appraiser recover his credit on this circumstances? This paper discusses appraiser under unfair competition to overcome some of the problem they are faced with. This paper suggested some alternatives as followings ; First, Korea Association of Property Appraisal(KAPA) has to publicize the safety of a appraisal market to appraisers, in order to alleviate competition psychology. Second, an appraisal company has to become larger for it will reduce to unfair competition. Third, an appraisal company has to take the performance-based pay system for accounting clearness. Fourth, the government has to strengthen appraisal market management and an appraiser has to protect appraisal ethics autonomously as an expert, for appraiser who acts rationally with the sense of balance.

부동산(不動産) 평가방식(評價方式) 적용(適用)의 재고(再考)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2008 감정평가학논집 Vol.7 No.2

Korean economy has highly developed since 1960’s. During the period of development the steady increase of demand and price for land allows appraisers to use the sales comparison method. Recently, the sales comparison method is used being recognized as an effective method. However, the diversification of appraisal demand and a valuation method has been required based on the environmental change ininstitutes, finance, economy and society. Therefore, appraisers have to develop and master a new valuation method as specialists, and must deal with their clients. However, it seems that they are not able to adapt to the new circumstances. What their clients want the most is the value which is resonable and objective. Therefore, appraisers’ final goal is to estimate the value with the purpose of its being reasonable and objective. However, there is a criticism that an indicated value by the sales comparison method is not reasonable and not proper these days. Therefore, the reason why the value has been decided must be explained in objective ways as an evaluation result. In terms of objectiveness, it is considered that evaluation reports cannot be persuasive without describing all the process in detail, and that it is necessary to include reporting of using appropriate methods. Moreover, appraisers have to report in various ways of estimating as well as in objective ways of explanations, and that it is necessary to reconciliation of indicated values. Considering these point of views, the hypothetical development method, regression model, appraisal method of land ecological security, long-term trend method and CVM was introduced as the application methods.

부동산가격공시법의 적정가격 성격과 그 함의

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2005 감정평가학논집 Vol.4 No.-

We, now are throw into confusion of real estate valuation law``s term. This was draw a sharp line between market value and ‘just value’ characterizing for the ‘Public Notice to Values and Appraisal of Lands, etc. Act’(PNVA). PNVA``s just value doesn``t correspond with the theoretical conditions of market value, and it is quite much different from the fair market value in many cases. Accordingly, the just value on the regulations is not same as the market value, having different characteristics. Just value is statutory value by the PNVA, which is absolutely different from market value that is determined by the transactions among the market participants. It should be the value that is accepted by the community residents in the neighborhood area. Only after that, distribution of real estate can become fair and community goodness can be realized. It is desirable to clearly stipulate the just value and the market value, considering different characteristics of both, which means that PNVA``s just value should be regarded as a creative term of pricing for our community.

불동산평가(不動産評價) 적산법(積算法)의 기초가격(基礎價格) 산정(算定) 일고찰(一考察)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2009 감정평가학논집 Vol.8 No.1

During the past 40years, real estate appraisal business has greatly increased in terms of market size and human resources. Compared to this trend, however, it is considered that the theory and practices of appraisal as well as appraiser`s expertise have not advanced. Such imbalance has brought the conflict between government and appraisers. This article analyzes a specific appraisal example of the cost approach which is in conflict. Many articles and books have discussed the cost approach that estimates reproduction cost new of the land and buildings. However, it is rare to find the report which analyzes the conflict between the government and the appraisals in terms of applying the estimate value to specific appraisals. In this sense, this article discusses the reproduction cost new in cost approach of the land and buildings. Consequently, the following ideas have been suggested ; Firstly, an estimate of entrepreneurial incentive or developer`s profit needs to be included in reproduction cost new. Secondly, the cost approach can be used effectively as a tool of the appraisal of special-purpose buildings. In addition, several ways of improvements in the field of appraisal are suggested as follows; Firstly, the both academic and business field need to make an effort for developing appraisal theories. Secondly, it is necessary for business field to develop an appraisal standard as well as to apply it to the appraisal regulations. Thirdly, appraisers should regard their professional ethics as the most significant responsibility for their works. Fourthly, appraisers are responsible for the duty of ``True und Glauben`` in their business. Fifthly, appraisers need to explain the procedure and reasons for estimating a value in their appraisal reports. Sixth, appraisers should learn a new theories and improve their specialties. Lastly, the government should be careful in punishing the appraisers.

논문 : 주택 개발사업의 민간사업자 시설부담 개선방안

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2003 감정평가학논집 Vol.2 No.-

공동주택 층간소음 피해자의 대응태도

방경식(Bang, Kyung-Sik),이준호(Lee, Jun-Ho) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.2

One of the main complaints about apartment life is floor noise. Main source of floor noise include children running or people walking noisily, followed by noise from laundry or cleaning machines and flushing toilets, dragging furniture or playing musical instruments. According to a recent research by the Environment Ministry, 73 percent of complaints about from neighbors homes involved children running. Floor noise which can be a socially serious problems as the percentage of apartment residents increases. The problems has emerged as one of the major social issues and making efforts for solution is needed. We research into victim’s behavior to neighbor’s floor noise how to response for it through the virtual experiment of the university student, and that classify noise corresponding human type into a acceptance type, compromiser type, rational type, revenger type and forgoer type. Desirable human type in solution of dispute is a acceptance type and compromiser type. Rational type, revenger type and forgoer type was report the damage to the administration office, the police and government committee. These type was focused on legal measures, evidence securing, fair procedures measures, lawsuit and arbitration. In order to mitigate the neighbor noise dispute at social issue is necessary children’s moral education; especially for oriental ethics, and adults who require consideration and effort to understand the neighbors. These findings suggest that reduce of neighbor noise dispute requires residence-cultural approach with institutional approach and it is expected to handle the neighbor noise more active.

등유 및 항공유를 사용한 격실 화재시험

방경식(Bang, Kyoung-Sik),이주찬(Lee, Ju-Chan),서중석(Seo, Chung-Seok),서기석(Seo, Ki-Seog),김형진(Kim, Hyung-Jin) 한국화재소방학회 2012 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.춘계

차량의 충돌에 따른 등유의 누출에 의한 화재와 항공기 충돌에 따른 항공유의 누출에 의한 화재 발생 시 격실의 개구부 크기에 따른 화염온도를 평가하기 위해 화원으로 등유와 Jet-A-1을 사용하고 개구부의 크기를 조절해 가며 격실화재시험을 수행하였으며, 가장 높게 측정된 시험결과의 조건으로 과도화재시험을 수행하여 금속저장용기가 화염온도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 시험결과 등유보다 Jet-A-1의 열 방출속도 및 질량 연소유속이 크게 나타났으며, Jet-A-1에서의 화염온도가 높게 측정되었다. 연료 소모율은 개구부의 크기가 클 경우 작은 경우보다 크게 나타났으며, 개구부의 크기가 클 경우 화염온도가 높게 측정되었다. 격실 내에 금속저장용기가 저장되었을 때는 저장용기가 화염으로부터 받는 열량만큼 화염의 온도는 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

토지평가(土地評價)의 가격형성요인(價格形成要因) 일고찰

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2008 감정평가학논집 Vol.7 No.1

The forces to affect land value has natural environments and humanities environment. This is called forces influencing value in real estate valuation. Appraiser analyzes this and estimates a land value. korea uses this forces influencing value in land valuation standards. However, it is old, and this cannot reflect environment change of the long time after having established it. Therefore, there is necessity to reflect such a change in this standard. Author discussed to foreign real estate valuation theory and what kind of forces must add. As a result, suggested a basic course as follows ; first, it must reflect a change of ‘world situation’. The ‘international politics’, ‘economy’ and ‘cultural phenomena’ are influence on each country. Second, it must reflect an environmental change. ‘Air pollution’ and ‘soil pollution’ attracts attention for a new forces to affect a real estate value greatly. Third, it must reflect the influence of the ‘technology development’. Technology development and the influence of spreading are because it has an influence on a real estate value. On the other hand, it suggested the content that it must add as follows to be concrete. It is the ‘world situation’, ‘society psychological condition’, and ‘politics stability situation’ to add for a general forces. It is the ‘information and communication base’, ‘pollution outbreak excitement’ to add for a neighborhood forces. And then, the item which must add in site forces ‘use possibility of the information and communication infrastructure’, ‘deposit cultural assets presence or not’, ‘pollution outbreak or not’, ‘danger of the disaster’ and ‘accessability’.

논문 : 감정평가 업계의 환경변화와 대응방안

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ),장희순 ( Hee Son Jang ) 한국감정평가학회 2004 감정평가학논집 Vol.3 No.-

논 문 : 감정평가(鑑定評價) 규칙(規則)의 재고(再考)

방경식 ( Kyung Sik Bang ) 한국감정평가학회 2010 감정평가학논집 Vol.9 No.1

30 years have passed since the standards of property appraisal practice(SPAP) enacted new, as an conduct rules. However, despite of government`s revised several times, it was criticized for function failure by appraisers and researcher for a long time. Because it does not revised properly changed in the environment. So, faith of appraisal has been evaluated lowly and an appraiser has not properly controlled by government. The purpose of this paper is to suggest some ideas about the revise of SPAP. The direction of SPAP`s revision was proposed as follows ; First, all articles of SPAP must be revised to suit the times and the environment. Second, the status of SPAP and appraisal manual should be establish by adjustment for the function of SPAP and appraisal manual. Furthermore, to revise the SPAP assumes that several alternatives were suggested as follows; Fist, itshould be clarify the value concept. Market value should be the standard, and should be include non-market values. Second, a variety of approach methods should be defined. DCF method, residual method and land datum value method should be include in addition to three approach ; cost approach, sales comparison approach and income approach. Third, appraisal purposes of variety should be include. For example, the liquidation value appraisal, tax value appraisal, and insurance value appraisal should be include. Because, these appraisal differs from the market value appraisal. Forth, real estate, personal property, tangible assets, securities, right of chose in action, conditional rights, assets of settlement of mortgage etc : all the property should be include. Fifth, principle of highest and best use suggested that it is useful to describe the results of appraisal. Sixth, contents of ethics should be strengthened. For, Appraisal results depends on the appraiser`s conduct rules. Seventh, appraisal reports should be able to improve the quality. Because, appraisal report on the clients`s faith is low. To maintain the highest level of conduct rules, rethinking of the new SPAP should be needed. The SPAP whether the amendment is entirely accountable for the government.