Talc Mineralization in the Middle Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt (I): with Emphasis of the Stable Isotope Studies of the Dongyang Talc Deposit

박희인,이인성,허순도,Park, Hee-In,Lee, Insung,Hur, Soondo The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.6

동양활석광상의 광화대는 옥천누층군에 속하는 향산리 돌로마이트의 최하부 돌로마이트층준에 발달하며 광체는 이 지역 지층 중에 밥달하는 $N85^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}W$에 $40^{\circ}$ 로 플란지하는 작은 습곡축에 따라 파이프상으로 배태되어 있다. 이 광상의 모든 광체들의 상반이나 하반에 각섬질암이나 녹니석편암을 수반한다(김옥준 등, 1963; 박희인과 김기태, 1966). 동양활석광상의 활석광화작용은 돌로마이트의 재결정작용과 규화작용에 이어 투각섬석과, 판상, 엽편상활석(I), 미립질 활석 (II)의 생성 순으로 이루어졌다. 활석(I)은 돌로마이트와 $SiO_2$ 성분이 풍부한 유체와의 반응으로 생성되었고 활석 (II)는 돌로마이트와 유세와의 반응과 이마 생성된 투각섬석과 유체와의 반응으로 생성되었다. 광화기간중 유체는 초기에는 $H_2O-CO_2$계의 것으로 $CO_2$가 풍부한 것이었으나, 말기로 가며 $H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 $계를 거쳐 $H_2O-NaCl $계의 것으로 변하였다. 투각섬석과 활석(l) 생성기의 온도 및 압력조건은 각각 1,640~2,530 bar, $440{\sim}480^{\circ}C$ 였고, 활석 (II) 생성기의 온도 및 압력조건은 1,400~2,200 bar와 $360{\sim}390^{\circ}C$였다. 이 값은 동양활석광상 북쪽 약 5km에 분포하는 문주리층 구성암석의 변성온도 및 압력값에 비하여 현저하게 낮다. 활석광상의 모암인 돌로마이트의 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{18}O$값은 각각 2.9~5.7‰ (PDB)과 -7.4~16.8‰ (PDB)로서 기 보고된 태백산지역의 석회암의 값에 비하여 높으나 변질받지 않은 퇴적원 돌로마이트가 갖는 값의 범위내에 든다. 동양활석광상의 활석의${\delta}^{18}O$와 ${\delta}D$값은 각각 +8.6-15.8‰ (vs SMOW)와 -65~-90‰ (vs SMOW)로서 마그마 기원의 물의 값을 갖는다. 이 값은 이 지역의 문주리층과 계명산층을 구성하는 변성암류의 ${\delta}^{18}O$과 ${\delta}D$ 값과는 판이하다. 경석고의 ${\delta}^{34}S$ 값은 22.4‰ (CDT)로서 고생대초의 황산염의 ${\delta}^{34}S$의 값(30‰ vs CDT)보다 낮아 화성기원의 S가 첨가되었을 가능성이 있다. 활석광석에는 약하게 염리와 파랑벽개 등이 발달하고 있어 활석광상은 옥천대가 겪은 여러 차례의 변형작용중 최후기상이 적어도 끝나가 이전에 마그마 기원의 유체에 의하여 생성된 열수교대 광상이라 사료된다. Mineralized zone in the Dongyang talc deposits occurs on the lowest dolomite member of the Hyangsanri Dolomite belonging to the Ogcheon Supergroup. Ore bodies are emplaced as pipe-like body along the axis of minor folds plunging $40^{\circ}$ to the west developed in these dolomite layers. Amphibolite and chlorite schist are found along the upper or lower contact of all ore bodies (Kim et al., 1963; Park and Kim, 1966). Following the recrystallization and silicification of dolomite, tremolite and tabular and leafy talc(I) of the earlier stage formed, and microcrystalline talc(II) formed in the later stage. Talc(l) and tremolite formed by the reaction between dolomite and the fluid. Whereas talc (II) formed by the reaction between dolomite and fluid, or by the reaction between early formed tremolite and fluid. During the early stage of mineralization, the fluid was the $H_2O-CO_2$ system dominant in $CO_2$, In the later stage, the composition of the fluid changed to $H_2O-NaCl-CO_2$system, and finally to the $H_2O-NaCl$ system. The pressure and temperature conditions of the formation of tremolite associated with talc(I) were 1,640~2,530 bar, and $440{\sim}480^{\circ}C$, respectively. The pressure and temperature condition of talc(II) ore formation was 1,400~2,200 bar, and $360{\sim}390^{\circ}C$, respectively. These conditions are much lower than the metamorphic pressure and temperature of the rocks from the Munjuri Formation located about 5 km to the noJ:th of Dongyang talc deposit ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of dolomite which is the host rock of the talc ore deposit are 2.9~5.7‰ (PDB), and -7.4~l6.8‰ (PDB), respectively. These values are little higher than those from the Cambro-Ordovician limestones of the Taebaeksan region, but belong to the range of the unaltered sedimentary dolomite. ${\delta}^{18}O$and ${\delta}D$ values of the talc from Dongyang deposit are 8.6~15.8‰ (vs SMOW), and -65~-90‰ (vs SMOW), respectively, belonging to the range of magmatic origin. These values are quite different from those measured in the metamorphic rocks of Munjuri and Kyemyungsan Formation. ${\delta}^{34}S$ value of anhydrite is 22.4‰ (CDT), which is much lower than ${\delta}^{34}S$ (30‰ vs COT) of sulfate of early Paleozoic period, and indicates the possibility of the addition of magmatic sulfur to the system. Talc ores show the textures of weak foliation and well developed crenulation cleavages. Talc ore deposit in the area is concluded as hydrothermal replacement deposit formed before the latest phase of the deformations that Ogcheon Belt has undergone.

동원광산의 금-은 광화작용

박희인,박영록,Park, Hee-In,Park, Young-Rok 대한자원환경지질학회 1990 자원환경지질 Vol.23 No.2

Ore deposits of Dongwon mine are composed of numerous gold and silver veins emplaced in sedimentary rocks of Cambrian Choseon Supergroup and granitoids of Cretaceous age. Ore veins of the mine can be divided into gold and silver veins on the base of vein structure, mineral assemblage and vein trends. Mutual relationships between gold and silver veins are uncertain. Gold veins are simple veins which are composed of base-metal sulfides, and electrum with quartz and ankerite. On the other hand, silver veins are complex veins which reveal three distinct stages of mineral deposition based on vein structure; stage I, deposition of small amounts of oxides and pyrite with quartz; stage II, deposition of base-metal sulfides, small amounts of Ag-bearing minerals, calcite and quartz; stage III, deposition of base metal sulfides, electrum, Ag-sulfosalts, native silver, carbonates and quartz. Homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusion from quartz of gold vein are as follows; $229^{\circ}$ to $283^{\circ}C$, 4.7 to 6.4 wt.% equivalent NaCI. The ore mineralogy suggests that temperature(T) and sulfur fugacity($fs_2$) of the formation of the gold vein and stage III of silver vein are estimated as T ; $294^{\circ}$ to $318^{\circ}C$, $fs_2\;10^{-9.4}$ to $10^{-10.1}$ atm. and T; $240^{\circ}$ to $279^{\circ}C$, $fs_2;10^{-11.1}$ to $10^{-17.3}$ atm. respectively. Pressure condition during gold vein formation estimated from data of ore mineralogy and fluid inclusion range 500 to 750 bar.

태백산지역내(太白山地域內) 광상(鑛床)의 생성연령(生成年齡)

박희인,장호완,진명식,Park, Hee-In,Chang, Ho Wan,Jin, Myung Shik 대한자원환경지질학회 1988 자원환경지질 Vol.21 No.1

K-Ar age determinations were carried out on muscovite and other gangue and wallrock alteration minerals from seventeen mineral deposits in the Taebaeg mountain district. Tin deposits give the ages of 1792 Ma and 158-127 Ma, whereas tungsten-molybdenum deposits give the ages of 1520-1480 Ma. 173-168 Ma and 84-81 Ma. Polymetallic mineral deposits. gold-silver deposits and sericite deposits yield the ages of 98-52 Ma. 93-75 Ma, and 202 Ma, respectively. Mineralization ages for each genetic type of deposits in this district can be summarized as follows; pegmatite deposits. 1792 Ma ; pegmatite-hydrothermal deposits. 1526-1480 Ma ; greisen deposits. 157-127 Ma ; skarn deposits, 98-73 Ma and 52 Ma ; hydrothermal deposits, 202-168 Ma and 93-76 Ma. Present results together with data available in the literature reveal that five distinct mineralization ages can be recognized in this district ; (1) 1792 Ma, (2) 1526-1480 Ma, (3) 202-127 Ma. (4) 98-73 Ma, (5) 52 Ma, These age data are similar to the reported radiometric age data of igneous rocks in this district except for two ages such as 2154-2084 Ma and 880-738 Ma.

한반도중부지역(韓半島中部地域)의 광상생성기(鑛床生成期)와 생성구(生成區) -경기육괴내(京畿陸塊內)의 광상생성연령(鑛床生成年齡)-

박희인,장호완,진명식,Park, Hee-In,Chang, Ho Wan,Jin, Myung Shik 대한자원환경지질학회 1988 자원환경지질 Vol.21 No.4

K-Ar ages were determined on gangue and wall rock alteration minerals from twenty metallic mineral deposits in the Gyeonggi Massif. Beryl deposits give the age of 185 Ma, whereas tungsten - molybdenum deposits reveal two different age groups such as 172~156 Ma and 91~86Ma. Lead - zinc deposits and gold - silver deposits yield the ages of 160 Ma and 71~197 Ma, respectively. Mineralization ages for each genetic type of deposits in the Gyeonggi Massif can be summarized as follows; pegmatite deposits, 185 Ma; skarn deposits, 156~160 Ma; hydrothermal deposits, 71~197 Ma. Present results together with data previously reported reveal that rare earths, tungsten-molybdenum, base and precious metal deposits in the Gyeonggi Massif were formed in Jurassic and Cretaceous time with a genetic relationship to the Daebo and Bulguksa felsic igneous activity.

환경친화적 행동의 영향요인 분석

박희서(朴喜緖),노시평(盧時平),김은희(金銀嬉) 한국지방자치학회 2007 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.19 No.2

In this study we tested the ability of the theory of reasoned action to predict the consumer's pro-environmental behavior. The personnel interest, public interest for the society, internal motivation, external motivation, pro-environmental attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention were used to predict the consumer's pro-environmental behavior. We examined our model by the empirical data. The sample pool was composed 539 man and woman. Statistics used for data analysis were Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Reliability Analysis. Research shows the following results: 1) The personnel interest and public interest for the society influences the pro-environmental attitude. 2) The subjective norms are influenced by the internal and external motivation. 3) The pro-environmental attitude and subjective norms influences the consumer's pro-environmental behavior through the medium of behavioral intention. These findings will help the government officials and NGO agents to design the environment policy.

대화(大華) 및 돈산(敦山) 중석(重石)·모리브덴 광상(鑛床)의 유체포유물(流體包有物)

박희인,최석원,김덕래,Park, Hee-In,Choi, Suck-Won,Kim, Deog-Lae 대한자원환경지질학회 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.3

Mineralization of Daehwa and Donsan W-Mo deposits can be devided into three distinct depositional stages on the basis of mineral paragenesis and flnid inclusion studies; stage I, deposition of oxides and silicates ; stage II, deposition of base-metal sulfides and sulfosalts with carbonates; stage III, deposition of barren calcite and fluorite. Tungsten, molybdenum and tin mineralization occurred in stage I. Fluid inclusion studies reveal that ore fluid of stage I were homogeneous $H_2O-CO_2$ fluids containing 3.5~14.6 mol % $CO_2$. Minimum temperature and pressure of stage I ore fluids were $240^{\circ}C$ and 500 bars respectively. Salinities of aqueous type I inclusions in minerals of stage I range from 3.7 to 7.6 wt. % equi. NaCl. whereas those of $CO_2$-containing type III inclusions range from 0.3 to 4.4 wt. %. Temperatures of stage II ore fluids range from 200 to $305^{\circ}C$ on the whole and salinities were in the range of 3.2~7.2 wt. %. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in calcite and fluorite of stage III range from 114 to $186^{\circ}C$ and salinities were in the range of 0.9~4.3 wt. %. Sulfur fugacities during stage II deduced from mineral assemblages and tamperature data from fluid inclusions declined from earlier to later in the range of $10^{-11}{\sim}10^{-18}atm$. Fluid inclusion evidences suggest that the dominance of $CO_2$ in ore fluid during W-Mo mineralization is the characteristic features of Cretaceous W-Mo deposits of central district of Korea compared to those of Kyeongsang basin district.

전공-적성 불일치로 인해 전공만족도가 낮은 대학생들의 진로문제에 대한 합의적 질적 연구

박희인,구자경 한국진로교육학회 2011 진로교육연구 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the career decision and related career issues by undergraduate students with low major satisfaction that experience discordance of major-aptitude. Accordingly, 12 undergraduate students experiencing discordance of major-aptitude were selected as the study participants, and their experience in discordance of major-aptitude and interview data on career decision were analyzed by consensual qualitative research, the result is 53 category and 12 subcategory. First, it was revealed participants when they experienced discordance of personal internal factors such as when they sense difficulty in their study, when there is discordance between their aptitude and major, when they are not interested in their major and when they experience a sense of disassociation from their values. In addition, they experienced discordance of major-aptitude when they experienced discordance of external factors such as when they sense that their major is very different from what they had expected and when they have lost interest in their study due to the teaching method. Second, it was revealed participants were making much efforts to decide on their career, and become convinced in their career decision during the process of deciding on career different from major through the process of exploring and experiencing the career decision change. Third, it was revealed participants wanted the need for support plan for receiving psychological help such as mentor’s support and advice and support from professional counselor, and wanted the expansion of support for various programs related to their career decision from the university and department level. The finding of this study discussed its implication for the issues of undergraduate students with experience discordance of major-aptitude and provided suggestions 본 연구의 목적은 전공-적성 불일치를 경험하는 전공만족도가 낮은 대학생들이 진로설정과 관련해 어떠한 진로문제를 가지고 있는지 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 전공-적성 불일치를 경험하는 대학생들 12명을 연구대상으로 선정하고, 이들의 전공-적성 불일치 경험과 진로설정에 관한 면접 자료를 합의에 의한 질적 연구방법(CQR)을 통해 분석하였으며, 그 결과 총 53개의 범주와 12개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 첫째, 참여자들은 학업수행에 어려움을 느낄 때, 자신의 성향과 전공이 맞지 않을 때, 전공에 흥미를 느끼지 못할 때, 자신의 가치관과 괴리감을 느낄 때 같은 개인 내적인 요인과 입학 전 나의 예상이나 기대와 전공이 다르게 느껴질 때, 전공의 미래에 불확실성을 느낄 때, 교수법에 의해 학업흥미를 상실했을 때 같은 외적인 요인에서 불일치를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 참여자들은 자신의 진로설정을 위해 자기적성이나 흥미를 탐색하는 등의 다양한 노력을 하고 진로실현을 위한 구체적인 행동을 하는 경우가 많았으며, 이런 과정을 거쳐 진로에 대해 확신을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 참여자들은 학업성취도 저하로 어려움을 겪고 있었으며 이로 인해 학교생활에 부적응 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 심리적인 불안과 함께 부모와 갈등을 경험하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 진로설정과정에서 멘토, 상담전문가, 교수의 관심이나 조력을 필요로 하고 있었으며, 대학과 학과차원에서 진로설정과 관련된 다양한 프로그램에 대한 지원이 확대되기를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 전공-적성 불일치를 경험하는 대학생들의 진로문제에 관해 논의하고 제언 하였다.

중부 옥천 변성대내의 활석광화작용 1 : 동양활석광상의 안정동위원소연구를 중심으로

박희인,이인성,허순도 대한자원환경지질학회 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.6

금령(金嶺) 및 기구광상(基邱鑛床)의 동광화작용(銅鑛化作用)

박희인,설용구,Park, Hee-In,Seol, Yongkoo 대한자원환경지질학회 1992 자원환경지질 Vol.25 No.3

The Keumryeong deposits is a low grade copper deposits in which copper minerals form disseminated grains and thin veinlets in felsic volcanics seem to be dacite. Alteration of the volcanics consists mainly pervasive propylitization and silicification. Potassic alteration characterized by biotite developed locally adjacent to southwestern contact of granodiorite body. Principal sulfide minerals in altered zone are mainly pyrite and lesser chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite content in potassic zone is relatively higher than that of surrounding propylitized zone. Pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanies magnetite, molybdenite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, marcasite, hematite, ilmenite, rutile, bismuthinite and native Bi as disseminations, veinlets and knots. Granodiorite body is propylitized and contains veinlets of pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Fluid inclusions in sulfide-bearing quartz veinlets and quartz grains of felsic volcanics and granodiorite in altered zone consist of liquid-rich, vapor-rich, $CO_2-bearing$ and halite-bearing inclusions. These four types of inclusion intimately associated on a microscopic scale and indicate condensing or boiling of ore fluid during mineralization. Homogenization temperature of coexisting fluid inclusions are mostly in the range of 350 to $450^{\circ}C$. High salinity fluid contains 28.6 to 48.4 weight percent NaCI equivalent and moderate salinity fluid cotains 0.5 to 12.5 weight percent NaCl equivalent. Pressure estimated from $CO_2$ mole fraction of $CO_2-bearing$ inclusion range 160 to 375 bars. The Kigu copper deposits is a fissure filling copper vein developed 500 m south from the Keumryong deposits. Mineralogy and fluid inclusion data of the Kigu deposits are similar to that of the Keumryeong deposits. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions from the Kigu deposits are reasonable agreement with temperature estimated from sulfidation curve of cubanite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite and pyrite-pyrrhotite mineral assemblages. Not only mineral occurrence and wall rock alteration in the Keumryeong deposits but also fluid inclusion data such as temperature, salinity, pressure and boiling evidences are similar to those of porphyry copper deposits.

언양 수정광상에서 산출되는 수정의 유체포유물과 안정동위원소 (pp.31-32)

박희인,문상호,허순도,우영균 대한지질학회 1994 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.1994 No.