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응급의료센터로 내원한 급성담낭염 의심환자에서 합병된 급성담낭염 발생의 예측요인 탐색
박홍인,박재욱,심명보,배진건,제상모,정태녕,김의중,최성욱,김옥준 대한응급의학회 2015 대한응급의학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with complicated acute cholecystitis of initial clinical findings during an emergency department (ED) visit, and to use them as a guideline for consideration of early and active surgical intervention, to improve the prognosis of acute cholecystitis. Methods: Medical records of adult patients diagnosed and treated in the ED as acute cholecystitis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical findings including demographic data, past medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results were included in the analysis. A case associated with gall bladder empyema, gangrene, perforation, hydrops, or failure of initial laparoscopic approach was defined as complicated acute cholecystitis. Factors showing significance in univariate analyses were included in binary logistic regression analysis for prediction of complicated acute cholecystitis. Results: Age, sex, hypertension history, anorexia, body temperature, white blood cell count (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin, amylase, and lipase were significant in univariate analyses, and included in multivariate analysis. Age (p=0.039), male sex (p=0.004), and WBC (p=0.019) were significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Age, sex, and initial WBC of patients diagnosed and treated in the ED as acute cholecystitis were independently associated with complicated acute cholecystitis.
무도도장의 서비스스케이프(Servicescape)와 감정, 고객만족 및 고객충성도의 인과관계: 극진공수도와 주짓수도장 수련생을 대상으로
박홍,김종우,신승호,임기태 한국스포츠학회 2016 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.14 No.1
In the modern society, the numbers of people who participate in sports actively have been incredibly increasing under the influence of reduced working hour, increased leisure time, and increased household income. Also, in the information age, more and more customers want to be satisfied their various desires, and martial arts managers need new management strategy to immediately meet the customers’ wants. Customers would leave if a manager could not develop new program and offer differentiated service to meet diversity of customers’ desires in a fierce competition. Therefore, it is very important to understand what factors are key to choose martial arts academy when customers decide. Especially, an effective variable to establish a sport marketing strategy is servicescape that could be used to investigate customers’ satisfaction in the sport facility where is important physical environment, like martial arts academy. However, there is a lack of research examining servicescape and sport facility, and especially to date few studies related with martial arts academy have examined. This researcher would reveal structural relationship among servicescape, emotion, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty at Kyokushin Karate and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu that consisted of adult trainees. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data that would be essential to establish effective marketing strategy of martial arts academy. To conduct of this research goal, researcher used convenience sampling, and participants were 322 who are trainees in capital area and Busan. Research tool was paper-based survey, and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to examine the factor structure, and structural equation model (SEM) was analyzed to reveal the relation between variables. Model verification were used maximum likelihood, and determine the significant of path coefficient by using the value of critical ratio (CR). Finally, the total data were 309 (95.9%) out of 322, and using SPSS WIN Ver. 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were calculated. Researcher verified each hypothesis after checking goodness-of-fit test by SEM analysis, and the results were followed: First, cleanliness, which is the sub-factor of servicescape has a significant effect on emotion. However, esthetic, accessibility, and ambient condition have not significant influence on emotion. Second, ambient condition and accessibility, which is the sub-factor of servicescape have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. However, esthetic and cleanliness have not significant impact on customer satisfaction. Third, emotion affects customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Finally, customer satisfaction has a significant influence on customer loyalty.
에탄올 혼합율이 가솔린 엔진의 배기와 성능에 미치는 영향
박홍일(Hongil Park),오승우(Seungwoo Oh),박권하(Kweonha park) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Rapid growth of automobile industry has become a major reason for energy consumption and environmental pollution around a large city seriously.<br/> Saving energy greatly effects on the countries that do not have energy sources, so saving energy and varying energy source are demanded.<br/> In this study, the effect of ethanol mixing rate on exhaust emissions, fuel consumption rate and engine torque is tested in a gasoline engine without any retrofit Mixing rate is varied from 0% to 85% and engine speed and torque are also varied. The result show ethanol mixing rate of 10 to 15% is considered as a suitable range in order to use the fuel without any retrofit Maximum torque is decreased with mixing rate increase, but the torque shows similar value is the range of 10 to 15% The values of CO, HC emission and fuel consumption are similar or slightly increased except the range of 10 to 15%.