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물분해용 Cu<sub>2</sub>O 박막/ZnO 나노막대 산화물 p-n 이종접합 광전극의 광전기화학적 특성
박정환,김효진,김도진,Park, Junghwan,Kim, Hyojin,Kim, Dojin 한국재료학회 2018 한국재료학회지 Vol.28 No.4
We report on the fabrication and photoelectrochemical(PEC) properties of a $Cu_2O$ thin film/ZnO nanorod array oxide p-n heterojunction structure with ZnO nanorods embedded in $Cu_2O$ thin film as an efficient photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. A vertically oriented n-type ZnO nanorod array was first prepared on an indium-tin-oxide-coated glass substrate via a seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method and then a p-type $Cu_2O$ thin film was directly electrodeposited onto the vertically oriented ZnO nanorods array to form an oxide semiconductor heterostructure. The crystalline phases and morphologies of the heterojunction materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy as well as Raman scattering. The PEC properties of the fabricated $Cu_2O/ZnO$ p-n heterojunction photoelectrode were evaluated by photocurrent conversion efficiency measurements under white light illumination. From the observed PEC current density versus voltage (J-V) behavior, the $Cu_2O/ZnO$ photoelectrode was found to exhibit a negligible dark current and high photocurrent density, e.g., $0.77mA/cm^2$ at 0.5 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$ in a $1mM\;Na_2SO_4$ electrolyte, revealing an effective operation of the oxide heterostructure. In particular, a significant PEC performance was observed even at an applied bias of 0 V vs $Hg/HgCl_2$, which made the device self-powered. The observed PEC performance was attributed to some synergistic effect of the p-n bilayer heterostructure on the formation of a built-in potential, including the light absorption and separation processes of photoinduced charge carriers.
사상의학적으로 치료하여 호전된 주요 신경인지장애 치험 2례
박정환,곽진영,고영미,윤지원,안택원,Park, Junghwan,Kwak, Jinyoung,Koh, Youngmee,Yun, Geewon,Ahn, Taekwon 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2017 혜화의학회지 Vol.26 No.1
Objectives:This study was designed to report treatment by Sasang Constitutional Medicine to the patients with Major Neurocognitive Disorder(Dementia) from various causes. Methods:These two patients were diagnosed as Taeeumin and Soyangin according to the result of Sasang constitutional diagnosis, and treated by Sasang constitutional medications. The progress was evaluated with the Korean version of Mini-Mentel State Exam(KMMSE) and Global Disorientation Scale(GDS). Result:The symptoms like wandering, insomnia, cognitive disorder was improved in these patients. Also, KMMSE and GDS score were highly improved. the one patient was cured with Cheongsimyeonja-tang and and the other was cured with Jihwangbaekho-tang and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang. Conclusion:This cases show that Sasang constitutional herbal medications are an effective treatment for the patients with Major Neurocognitive Disorder.
이동 통신망을 위한 도시지역에서의 위치 등록 발생율에 관한 연구
박정환(Junghwan Park),전민희(Minheui Jeon),차영환(Yeonghwan Tscha),이균하(Kyoon Ha Lee) 한국정보과학회 1993 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.20 No.1
이동 가입자(mobile station)에 대한 위치정보의 신속한 처리는 이동 통신망에 있어 필수적이다. 특히, 서울과 같은 대도시 지역에서의 이동 가입자의 빈번한 위치 이동은 트래픽의 폭주를 낳을 수 있기 때문에 위치정보의 신속한 처리를 위해 위치 등록기(location register)의 적절한 위치 선정이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 도로를 중심으로한 정방형 형태의 도심지에 있어 이동 가입자의 트래픽 이동 형태를 반영한 위치 등록 발생률의 분석과 하나의 위치 등록기에 수용 가능한 위치 영역(location area)수의 산정과 이에 따른 위치 등록 발생률을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 대도시 밀집지역에 있어 위치 등록기의 설치 위치 선정과 위치 등록 발생률의 예측에 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었다.
퇴직연금 모집인을 활용한 가입자 교육 활성화 방안연구 - 생보사의 퇴직연금 모집인 중심으로 -
박정환 ( Junghwan Park ),김성일 ( Sung-il Kim ) 한국연금학회 2022 연금연구 Vol.12 No.2
This study sets out to promote the vitalization of education for retirement pension subscribers, which remain at the formal level, by proposing ways to make use of recruitment agents for a retirement pension. The study also aims to find the priorities and implications of improvement based on improvement factors needed for them and their comprehensive importance. As for the analysis methods, the study identified improvement factors and the priorities of each of them with the Delphi Method applied twice to a panel of experts in subscriber education and checked the complicated priorities of the improvement factors through the pairwise comparison of factors based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The comparison of results from the two analysis techniques led to these implications: First, a 1:1 interview with a panel of 30 experts in subscriber education based on an open-ended questionnaire in the first round of Delphi Method identified 112 items of improvement. After the exclusion of overlapping items, four upper-level factors were identified: law and institution, reward and infrastructure, qualification system, and professionalism and recruitment agent attribute along with 21 lower-level factors. Based on them, a structured questionnaire was devised and administered to 44 experts in subscriber education in a closed-loop survey in the second round of Delphi Method. Of the upper-level factors, reward and infrastructure recorded the greatest importance, followed by qualification system, law and institution, and professionalism and recruitment agent attribute, in that order. Of the 21 lower-level factors, 13 were characterized by the convergence of expert opinions. Of the converged factors, an increase of recruitment commission rates recorded the highest importance, followed by the addition of subscriber education to the scope of work consignment for recruitment agents and the payment of proper fees for subscriber training or retention services. Secondly, a survey was conducted with 20 experts in subscriber education through AHP analysis, and the results found the greatest importance in reward and infrastructure, which was followed by law and institution, qualification system, and professionalism and recruitment agent attribute, in that order. Of the lower-level factors, the professionalism of recruitment agents was the most important, followed by wages for subscriber education and an increase of recruitment fees. The comparison of the Delphi Method and AHP analysis results reconfirm that reward and infrastructure held the greatest importance among the upper-level factors and that the professionalism of recruitment agents recorded the highest level of importance among the lower-level factors. The different expert panels did not reach an agreement on these results. Thus, it is implied that a consensus should be formed for the professionalism of recruitment agents before the implementation of subscriber education with recruitment agents for a retirement pension. This study was the first research that directly surveyed recruitment agents for a retirement pension. It is significant in that it examined differences in opinions among expert panels and identified the importance and implications of each factor. The findings of the study are expected to serve their roles in the efficient execution of resources when the policy authorities make related decisions.
상호자율언어학습을 위한 웹기반 학습공동체의 설계전략 연구
박정환(Park JungHwan),이건인(Lee Kunin),조혜란(Zhao Hailan) 한국영어어문교육학회 2004 영어어문교육 Vol.10 No.1
The purpose of this study is to elaborate design strategies for a Web-based self-directed cooperative distance language learning community. Research was done regarding the theoretical foundations for self-directed cooperative language learning and Web-based learning communities. The components of a Web- based community for self-directed cooperative language learning system are also investigated. As a result of this study, design strategies for Web-based communities are suggested. There are performance and supporting environments(synchronous/asynchronous) for self- directed cooperative language learning. There are also cultural experiences and communication factors in the performance field. Furthermore, matching communicators, finding and offering information, language learning content and other supporting agents are important in the supporting environment.