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박미화 ( Mi Hwa Park ),한유정 ( You Jung Han ),박영 ( Young Park ),백종철 ( Jong Chul Baek ),박지권 ( Ji Kwon Park ),이종학 ( Jong Hak Lee ),백원영 ( Won Young Paik ) 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.8
Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is extremely rare, accounting for 3% of all primary malignant tumor of the vagina and 0.3~1% of all malignant melanomas in the female. The amelanotic melanoma of the vagina showing no melanin granules on histological examination is exceedingly rare, accounting for only about 10% of all melanoma of the vagina. The amelanotic melanoma of the vagina is often difficult to differentiate from non-epithelial malignant tumor because of the minimal number of melanin granules. We describe a case of primary amelanotic melanoma of the vagina, which was initially suspected to be a non-epithelial malignant tumor, especially malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), but was correctly diagnosed by HMB-45 antibody and S-100 protein immunohistochemical staining. So we present this case with a brief review of literature.
대전시 공공하수처리시설 유입수 수질자료의 통계적 특성 및 추계학적 모의
박기정 ( Gi Jung Park ),정민재 ( Min Jae Jung ),이한샘 ( Han Saem Lee ),김덕우 ( Deok Woo Kim ),윤재영 ( Jae Yong Yoon ),백경록 ( Kyung Rock Paik ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.1
In this study, we analyze statistical characteristics of influent water quality in Daejeon waste water treatment plant and apply a stochastic model for data generation. In the analysis, the influent water quality data from year 2003 to 2008, except for year 2006, are used. Among water quality variables, we find strong correlations between BOD and T-N; T-N and T-P; BOD and T-P; CODMn and T-P; and BOD and CODMn. We also find that different water quality variables follow different theoretical probability distribution functions, which also depends on whether the seasonal cycle is removed. Finally, we generate the influent water quality data using the multi-season 1st Markov model (Thomas-Fiering model). With model parameters calibrated for the period 2003~2005, the generated data for 2007~2008 are well compared with observed data showing good agreement in general. BOD and T-N are underestimated by the stochastic model. This is mainly due to the statistical difference in observed data itself between two periods of 2003~2005 and 2007~2008. Therefore, we expect the stochastic model can be applied with more confidence in the case that the data follows stationary pattern.
한국 의과대학의 행동과학 강좌 개설 실태조사 및 표준 교수요목 개발
박정한(Jung Han Park),이주영(Ju Young Lee),강복수(Pock Soo Kang) 한국의학교육학회 1999 Korean journal of medical education Vol.11 No.2
우리 나라 의과대학의 행동과학 교육실태를 파악하고, 바람직한 학습목표와 교수요목을 개발하기 위하여 1996년 1월 전국 32개 의과대학의 행동과학과목 담당 책임교수를 대상으로 행동과학 교육 실태를 조사하고, Delphi기법으로 바람직한 학습목표와 교수요목을 개발하였다. 1차 설문조사에서는 32개 의과대학 중 27개 의과대학의 담당교수가 응답하였고, 2차 조사에 23명, 3차 조사에 19명이 응답하였다. 의과대학에서의 행동과학 학습목표는 인간의 행동을 생물학적, 심리학적, 사회․문화적 측면에 대한 이해, 신체와 정신의 관계 (스트레스와 질병) 이해, 의사와 환자 관계 형성 기법 습득, 환자에 대한 전인적인 접근에 관한 지식과 기술 습득 등의 내용을 포함하는 것이 타당하다. 기본적인 교수요목으로는 의학과 행동과학 (행동의 기본 원리), 신체와 정신, 성장과 발달, 가족과 건강, 의료와 사회 및 문화, 질병행동, 의사의 본질, 의사-환자 관계, 의사소통 (임상면담), 인간 행태의 심리학적 측면 (사회심리학, 건강과 질병에 대한 인간행태)이 포함되어야 한다. 현재 행동과학 교수요목 가운데 정신과 영역과 의료윤리 영역이 포함되어 있는 것은 정신과학과 의료윤리학 과목에서 강의하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 조사결과와 외국문헌을 참고하여 작성한 바람직한 행동과학 교수요목은 표 9와 같다. 학습시기는 의학과 1학년 및 2학년에 걸쳐 통합교육으로 편성하여 다른 임상실습교육과 연계하여 실시하는 것이 바람직하며, 현재 행동과학의 강의시간 평균 25.2시간을 최소한 48시간 이상으로 늘리고, 소집단 학습, 패널토의, 사례연구, 역할극 및 실습 등의 다양한 학습방법을 개발하여 교육의 효과를 높여야 할 것이다. 교육담당은 정신과학 교수가 단독으로 맡는 것보다 행동과학 관련 교수들이 팀을 이루어 가르치는 것이 권고할 만하다. OBJECTIVES: To survey the behavioral science education in Korean medical schools and to develop a standard syllabus for behavioral science course. SUBJECTS: Professors who are in charge of behavioral science course in 32 medical schools in 1996. METHODS: To develop a standard syllabus of behavioral science course for medical school Delphi technique was used. A questionnaire was mailed to each professor who was in charge of the behavioral science course in 32 medical schools to ask about the course objectives and contents and educational method in January 1996 and 27 questionnaires were completed and returned. The course objectives and syllabi of 27 medical schools were listed and mailed to the same professors to check his/her opinion on the necessity of each item for the behavioral science course. Twenty-three questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The opinion of 23 respondents on each objective and syllabus were listed again and mailed back to the respondents and asked to check if he/she agree with the other respondents opinion. Nineteen questionnaires were collected. From this results a standard syllabus was developed. RESULTS: We recommend that educational objectives of behavioral science course for medical students include understanding of human behavior in biologic, psychologic and sociocultural contexts, understanding of the relationship between body and mind (stress and diseases), acquiring techniques for establishing doctor-patient relationship, and acquiring knowledge and skill for holistic approach to patient care. Recommendable syllabi for behavioral science course are medicine and behavioral science (basic principles of human behavior), body and mind, growth and development, family and health, medical care and society and culture, illness behavior, physician s identity, doctor-patient relationship, communication (clinical interview), and psychologic aspects of human behavior. We recommend that the behavioral science course be offered in the first and second grades of medical students, be integrated into the medical curriculum to link better with clinical courses. Duration of course needs to be expanded from 25.2 hours on the average at present to at least 48 hours. To improve the effectiveness of behavioral science education, it is necessary to develop various teaching methods such as small group discussion, panel discussion, case study, role play and clinical practicum. It is recommended that behavioral science be taught by a team consisted of behavioral scientists and physicians with behavioral science background including psychiatrists instead of by psychiatrist alone.