동기와 노력 조절에 대한 한국 대학생들의 인지와 동기와 노력 조절과의 관계

박은화 ( Eun Hwa Park ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2022 외국어교육연구 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 내적 동기와 외적 동기가 학습의 노력 통제와 관련이 있는지를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 특히 학생들의 내적, 외적 동기의 수준과 노력 통제의 수준이 어느 정도인지를 알아본다. 그리고 두 동기의 형태 중 어떤 형태가 노력 통제에 관련이 높은지를 알아보고자 한다. 자료수집을 위하여 Pintrich의 Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire(1991)를 사용하였다. 총 81개 항목 중에서 본 연구를 위하여 Pintrich가 만든 4개의 내적 동기 항목, 4개의 외적 동기 항목, 그리고 4개의 노력 통제 항목을 사용하였다. 해양바이오와 융합 소프트웨어를 전공하는 총 38명의 학생이 참여하였다. 결과는 학생들이 높은 수준의 내적, 외적 동기를 지니고 있음을 보여주었으며, 또한 이 연구의 학생들은 노력 수준에서도 높은 수준을 보유하고 있음이 드러났다. 그러나 Pearson 상관 분석의 결과는 예측과 달리, 동기부여와 노력 통제 사이에는 관련성이 없음이 드러났고, 오히려 내적 동기와 외적 동기 사이에 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 한계는 작은 참여자의 수가 적다는 것이며 그런데도 동기와 노력 통제 양측 모두에서 높은 수준을 보여준 것은 교육적으로 중요 점을 시사한다고 볼 수 있고 향후 연구에서 더 많은 참여자를 통한 연구를 시행할 수 있는 근거가 될 수 있다고 판단된다. This study examined the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and effort regulation: specifically focusing on the level at which students possess in intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, the level at which the students possess effort regulation, and if there exists any relationship between either form of motivation and effort regulation. As a means of the data collection, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire created by Pintrich and Garcia (1991) was used. Among a total of 81 items, 12 items were selected for use in thi study: four items from the section on intrinsic motivation, four items from the section on extrinsic motivation, and four items related to effort regulation. 38 participants responded to the survey. The results showed that the students in this study demonstrate higher levels of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation than those of previous research results. In addition, the level of effort regulation was shown to be within the high levels of average. However, the Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated no relationship between either form of motivations and effort regulation. Rather, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were correlated to each other. This study posed a limitation due to the limited small sample size of its participants. As opposed to what was predicted, there was no significant relationship detected between either form of motivations and effort regulation. Despite this fact, the findings support the idea that students’ high levels of motivation and effort regulation are important in learning, and that teachers or instructors should aid students by specifying these factors for effective learning.

방사서(方士庶),엽방림(葉芳林) 합작 〈구일행암문연도〉와 18세기 중반 양주의 문인화

박은화 ( Eun Hwa Park ) 한국불교미술사학회 ( 구 한국미술사연구소 ) 2005 강좌미술사 Vol.24 No.-

연구동향 : 근대 50 년의 중국회화사 연구

박은화(Eun Hwa Park) 중국사학회 2002 中國史硏究 Vol.17 No.-

외상에 의한 지연성 비장동맥 동맥류

박은화(Eun Hwa Park),조용필(Yong Pil Cho),장혁재(Hyuk Jai Jang),김용호(Yong Ho Kim),한명식(Myoung Sik Han) 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.65 No.3

연수(蓮鬚)가 GC-2 spd(ts) Cell의 항산화에 미치는 영향

박은화 ( Eun Hwa Park ),장문석 ( Mun Seog Chang ),길기정 ( Ki Jeong Kil ),박성규 ( Seong Kyu Park ) 대한본초학회 2012 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Nelumbinis stamen (WNS) in GC-2 spd (ts) cells. Methods : we investigated the effect of WNS in mouse GC-2 spd (ts) cells by MTT assay. The protective effects of WNS against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-2 spd (ts) cells were examined by measuring cell viability. Lipid peroxidation levels and catalase were measured. Results : WNS showed cell viability as 101.9, 108.9, 111.8, 125.8, 134.5% in 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. The protective effect of WNS concentration was 2.5 μg/ml against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in GC-2 spd (ts) cells. LPO were decreased significantly at 2.5, 5, 25 μg/ml of WNS concentrations. Catalase activity was significantly increased at 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml of WNS concentrations, respectively. Conclusions : In conclusion, WNS has antioxidant activities in GC-2 spd(ts) cells against oxidative stress.

빛의 흐름으로 본 회화의 역사

박은화(Park-eun hwa) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2014 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

누리과정을 연계한 뇌교육 프로그램이 언어이해력에 미치는 효과

박은화 ( Park Eun Hwa ),서호찬 ( Seo Ho-chan ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 뇌교육연구소 2016 뇌교육연구 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구에서는 누리과정을 연계한 뇌교육 프로그램을 개발하고 뇌교육 프로그램의 언어이해력에 대한 효과를 검증하는것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 실험집단, 통제집단, 성별의 동질성 검증을 위해 분산분석을 실시하였고, 프로그램의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 공분산분석을 실시하였다. 결과에 따르면 첫째, ADDIE 모형에 입각하여 만3세, 만4세, 만5세의 언어이해력이 유의미하게 향상되였다. 따라서 언어발달 가능성이 가장 풍부한 유아기에 언어능력 개발은 중요하며 이에 적합한 뇌교육 프로그램이 개발되였다는 것을 시사한다. This study is aimed at developing a brain education program that is closely linked with Nuri preschool course and at verifying the effect of the program on the development of their language comprehension ability. Towards this end, a variance analysis was performed to verify the homogeneity of the experiment group, control group and gender, which was then followed by a covariance analysis to verify the effectiveness of the program. According to the analysis results, the author succeeded in developing a brain education program linked with Nuri preschool course that is appropriate for 3-, 4- and 5-year old preschoolers, all based on the ADDIE model. And physical movement, playing, imagery and interaction were used regarding the teaching/learning method. Second, the language comprehension ability of 3-, 4- and 5-year old preschoolers improved by statistically significant level after the brain education linked with Nuri preschool course was applied to the children. The result implies that the development of language comprehension ability in the preschool period when the children demonstrate the greatest potential to develop their linguistic skills is very important, and that a brain education program that is appropriate for such teaching goal was indeed developed during the conduct of this study.

1930년대 중국의 목판화운동

박은화(Park Eun-Hwa) 서양미술사학회 1999 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.11 No.-

The modern woodcut movement in the 1930s is one of the most significant segments of twentieth-century Chinese art appeared in the extremely complicated period. In China, the 20th century was a time of rupture and upheaval in the cultural and political sphere. From the end of the nineteenth century, the aggressive imperial powers competitively depredated the economical rights, and began to extend their influence on China. Consequently China fell into the semi-colonized status under the western powers’ territorial partition, economical invasion and political, military supervision. The modern woodcut movement is revealing of the struggles and issues facing the artists of the time, and this article examines the modern woodcut movement as a process of disengagement from the colonial syndrome from which China was inescapable. Although the woodcut was invented in China, it was almost forgotten tradition to the young artists in the early twentieth century. Lu Xun, famous writer, art collector, and amateur designer, played the most important role as mentor and as patron of woodcut movement. His interest in Chinese illustrated books and antique rubbings expanded to European prints, and he began to introduce and promote woodcut prints as a new form of artistic expression that seemed to be an ideal medium through which to expose the social and political problems that Chinese should be striving to overcome. In his promotion of woodcut art, Lu Xun emphasized importance of returning to Chinese traditions for inspiration. He advised the young woodcut artists to combine Western styles with the line of Han dynasty reliefs, superb techniques and materials of Ming and Qing book illustrations, and New Year pictures appreciated by the common people. The parti챠pants of the woodcut movement believed that prints, with their strong contrasts of light and dark, are the art form best suited to expressing profound emotions and representing images of human life and society. During the Sino-Japanese war, prints were also used as a means of keeping up the spirit of resistance against Japanese aggression. Lu Xun and the young woodcut artists saw their art as an end it itself, and as a means of saving china’s cultural heritage and pride. Therefore, the woodcut movement can be interpreted as the history of decolonization in which intellectuals and artists tried to save Chinese from becoming colonized people who in his soul has “an inferiority complex created by the death and burial of its local cultural originality.”

온라인 학습에서 일반 대학생들의 참여에 영향을 주는 요소들을 탐색

박은화 ( Park¸ Eun Hwa ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2021 외국어교육연구 Vol.35 No.3

이 연구는 일반 오프라인 대학교에 재학 중인 학생들이 온라인 강의에 참여할 때 학생들의 수업에 영향을 주는 요소를 탐색하고 PPT의 구성, 교수자의 발언, 화면상에서 교수자의 출연형태와 같은 근본적인 요소들에 대한 학생들의 인식, 그리고 학생과 교수자 간의 상호작용을 위한 요소들을 탐색해보고자 하였다. 대상은 연구자가 지도하였던 두 개 강좌에서 17명의 학생들이 참여하였다. 연구 도구는 8개의 개방형 질문을 사용하였으며, 데이터 수집은 이메일을 통하여 실시되었다. 데이터 분석은 연구자와 다른 선생님(영어교육전공 석사)의 협조로 질적 분석을 실시하였다. 결과에 의하면 ‘시간 유연성’이 학생들이 온라인 수업을 참여하는데 가장 중요한 요소로 밝혀졌다. 모순된 점은 이 요소가 학생들이 수업 참여하는데 가장 의욕을 잃게 하는 요소이기도 한 것으로 드러났다. 또한, 학생들은 교수자가 참여 독려를 위해 언급한 말 중에서 명언에 가장 흥미를 보였으며 다음이 유대감 형성을 언급하였다. PPT의 구성과 화면에 교수자 출연 형태도 학생들의 수업 참여에 영향을 주는 요소들로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 단체 톡 방이 학생들이 교수자와의 상호작용에 가장 중요한 요소인 것으로 생각하고 있음을 나타냈다. 현 연구는 작은 규모의 대상자와 남녀 비율의 불균형이라는 제한점이 있다. 하지만 일반 오프라인 대학에서 학생들의 온라인 수업 참여율을 높이는데 중요한 요소들을 밝혀냈다는 것에 의의가 있다. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing student engagement in online learning at offline universities, the perceptions of students regarding fundamental factors (e.g. the organization of a PPT, the statements of instructors, or the presence types of instructors), and the factors for interactions between students and instructors. The participants were seventeen students from two classes taught by the author. Data collection was performed with eight open-ended questions via e-mail, and the answers were then qualitatively analyzed. According to the results, ‘time flexibility’ was revealed as the most important factor in encouraging students to engage in online learning. Contradictorily, it was also revealed to be the factor that most demotivated students in online learning engagement. In addition, students highlighted ‘famous sayings’ stated by the instructor, followed by ‘creating rapport with the students’ as important factors. In regard to the organization of PPTs and the presence types of instructors on screen, the results revealed that these factors were also related to the student engagement. Finally, a ‘group chatting room’ was determined to be the preferred medium for interaction between students and instructors. This current study has two limitations: a small sample size and an unbalanced ratio of male and female participants. However, the results may still prove helpful to instructors in online course management. In particular, this study highlighted factors important to increasing engagement of students at offline universities.

Grace & Force 프로그램이 초등학생의 핵심역량에 미치는 효과 분석

박은화(Eun hwa Park),이원희(Won hee Lee) 한국부모교육학회 2022 부모교육연구 Vol.19 No.2

학교 교육은 미래 사회에 요구되는 핵심역량을 강화하여 창의융합형 인재를 양성할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 아동·청소년이 성장과 발달에 중요한 영향을 미치는 부모, 교사, 친구들과 원활한 대인관계를 형성할 수 있도록 아동 자신의 핵심역량을 향상 시키는데 있다. 이를 위하여 핵심역량 강화를 위한 프로그램을 구성하였으며, 구성된 프로그램의 효과를 분석하였다. 측정 도구로 이소희와 김일부(2020)가 수정 보완한 Johari’s Window 에서 제시한 52개의 형용사를 활용하였다. 열린 창에 배치된 사전·사후검사의 형용사의 빈도를 분석하였으며, 형용사를 선택한 이유를 질적으로 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 구성한 초등학생용 Grace & Force 코칭 프로그램은 초등학생의 핵심역량 향상에 기여하였다. 따라서 학교급(초등학교와 중학교)에 적합한 프로그램의 개발과 적용에 관심을 가질 필요가 있으며, 후속 연구를 통해 다양한 학교급에 본 프로그램을 적용하여 일반화되기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to improve children's own core competencies so that children and adolescents can form a smooth relationship with people who have an important influence on growth and development. To this end, the Grace & Force program developed by Lee So-hee and Kim Il-bu (2020) was modified to suit elementary school students. The study investigates the composition of programs for elementary school students and analyzes the effects of the configured programs. The effect analysis measurement tool used 52 adjectives presented in the window of Johari's Window revised and supplemented by Lee So-hee and Kim Il-bu (2020). For effect analysis, a pre-test and a post-test of the experimental group were compared. The frequency of adjectives in the pre- and post-test placed in the open window of the pre-test was analyzed, and the reason for choosing the adjective was qualitatively analyzed. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of the Grace & Force coaching program for elementary school students in this study was confirmed, and it is meaningful that empirical research was conducted to confirm the theoretical validity and suitability of the study.