항생제에 대한 지식이 소비자의 항생제 사용행태에 미치는 영향

박은자(Eun-Ja Park),채수미(Su-Mi Chae),박실비아(Sylvia Park) 대한약학회 2011 약학회지 Vol.55 No.6

The objective of this study is to examine the association between the knowledge and behavior of consumers on antibiotics use for common cold. Consumers’ knowledge about antibiotics was measured by a questionnaire consisting of six items related to the effect of antibiotics and another three items about use of antibiotics. Telephone interview was conducted during the days between June 24 and July 2, 2009, and 1,015 persons responded the interview. Final analysis included 896 persons without missing data. Thirty six percent of respondents answered that they checked their prescriptions to ensure that antibiotics was prescribed for common cold. About 6% asked their doctors to prescribe antibiotics for common cold, and 9.7% asked them not to. More than a quarter of respondents answered that they used to take antibiotics leftover from a previous illness. Patients who knew better about the effect of antibiotics on common cold were more likely to ask doctors not to prescribe antibiotics (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.45~3.65), or to check prescriptions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.40~2.46). Higher knowledge about use of antibiotics was related to low probability of asking doctors to prescribe antibiotics. This result suggests that consumers' knowledge about antibiotics can influence doctor’s prescription of antibiotics for common cold.

성인의 복합적인 건강위험행동과 주관적 건강수준, 스트레스, 우울감의 관련성

박은자 ( Park Eun-ja ),전진아 ( Jun Jina ),김남순 ( Kim Nam-soon ) 한국보건사회연구원 2015 保健社會硏究 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 국민의 복합적인 건강위험행동 분포를 파악하고, 주관적 건강수준, 스트레스, 우울감과의 관련성을 분석하는 것이다. 2007-2009년 국민건강영양 조사에 참여한 성인 여자 9,547명과 남자 7,011명을 대상으로 세 가지 건강위험행동(현재 흡연, 고위험 음주, 신체활동 부족)의 조합별 빈도를 산출하고, 건강위험행동 개수별 주관적 건강수준, 스트레스, 우울감을 비교하였다. 2가지 건강위험행동을 하고 있는 경우는 남자 24.3%, 여자 4.6%였으며, 3가지 건강위험행동을 모두 하는 경우는 남자 5.5%, 여자 0.7%였다. 여자는 2가지 복합적인 건강위험행동을 하는 경우 주관적 건강수준이 나쁘거나(오즈비 1.74, 95% 신뢰구간 1.32-2.29), 스트레스를 느끼거나(오즈비 2.06, 95% 신뢰구간 1.62-2.63), 우울감이 있을 확률(오즈비 1.68, 95% 신뢰구간 1.29-2.20)이 건강위험행동을 하지 않는 경우보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, 3가지 건강위험행동을 모두 하는 경우 오즈비가 증가하였다. 남자는 건강위험행동을 하지 않는 경우에 비해 부정적으로 건강을 인식할 오즈비가 2가지 건강위험행동을 하는 경우 1.31(95% 신뢰구간 1.05-1.63), 3가지 건강위험행동을 하는 경우 1.47(95% 신뢰구간 1.01-2.12)이었다. 스트레스는 주관적 건강수준과 유사한 경향을 보였으나, 우울감에 대해서는 2가지 건강 위험행동을 하고 있는 경우에 비해 3가지 건강위험행동을 하는 경우 오즈비가 약간 낮아졌다. 복합적인 건강위험행동과 건강과의 관련성을 고려할 때 남녀 모두 흡연, 음주, 신체활동 등 개별 건강행동에 대한 중재뿐만 아니라 개인의 건강위험행동을 전체적으로 평가하여 중재하는 접근이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of multiple risky health behaviors (i.e., current smoking, heavy alcohol use, lack of physical activity) and to analyze the association of multiple risky health behaviors with self-reported poor health, stress, and depressive symptom. The study participants were 7,011 men and 9,547 women in the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nearly 24% of men and 4.6% of women had two risky health behaviors, and 5.5% of men and 0.7% of women had three risky health behaviors. Controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of chronic disease, for both women and men, individuals having two risky health behaviors were more likely to report poor self-rated health (women: OR= 1.74, 95% CI=1.32-2.29, men: OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.05-1.63) compared to individuals without risky health behaviors. Multiple risky health behaviors were also significantly associated with stress or depressive symptom for both men and women. Findings reveal the high prevalence rates of multiple risky health behaviors. This study also suggests comprehensive integrated health prevention, intervention, and treatment programs for individuals with multiple risky health behaviors.

주요국의 의약품 사전상담제도 현황과 정책적 함의

박실비아,박은자,한현진,Park, Syl-Vi-A,Park, Eun-Ja,Han, Hyun-Jin 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Consultation program for pharmaceutical development is a new system in which pharmaceutical companies meet and discuss scientific and/or regulatory issues with drug regulatory authority in the research process and before submitting new drug applications. This program helps pharmaceutical companies reduce uncertainties in the research and development and increase the possibilities of getting drug marketing approval. Developed countries such as US, EU, and Japan have implemented various forms of pre-submission meetings or consultation programs since the mid-1990s. The rapid development of technology in pharmaceutical R&D increases the importance of communication between drug development companies and drug regulatory authority in Korea, too. In designing the consultation program, it is desirable to focus on the stages of clinical trials which take the longest period of time and the biggest amount of money in the pharmaceutical R&D process. We suggested that results or recommendations by drug regulatory authorities in pre-submission meetings or consultations be formally documented and considered in review process. Explicit scientific reasons are required for changing the results from consultations.

희귀의약품 제도의 국가별 비교 연구

박실비아 ( Park Sylvia ),채수미 ( Chae Su-mi ),박은자 ( Park Eun-ja ),주민희 ( Ju Min Hui ),구현민 ( Gu Hyun Min ),유원곤 ( Yoo Won Kon ) 한국보건사회연구원 2013 保健社會硏究 Vol.33 No.2

희귀의약품은 소수의 환자들이 앓는 희귀질환 치료제로서 시장의 크기가 작아 제약기업의 개발 동기가 낮다. 이에 미국, EU, 일본 등 국가는 제도적 개입을 통하여 희귀의약 품의 개발을 촉진해왔다. 우리나라는 희귀의약품의 수입을 통한 공급 위주의 정책을 시행해왔으나, 연구개발 역량이 향상됨에 따라 희귀의약품 개발이 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 희귀의약품의 정책의 전환이 필요하다. 이 연구는 희귀의약품의 연구개발 국가인 미국, EU, 일본과 우리나라의 희귀의약품 제도를 비교분석하였다. 미국과 EU, 일본은 연구개발 단계에서부터 희귀의약품을 지정하여 연구개발을 직간접적으로 지원하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 희귀의약품의 허가 및 시판후 관리에서 안전성, 유효성에 대한 평가를 일부 완화하고 있으나, 다른 국가들에서는 희귀의약품이라는 이유로 절차를 완화하고 있지는 않았다. 향후 국내에서 개발되는 희귀의약품이 증가할수록 우리나라에서도 희귀의약품의 연구개발 단계에서의 지원프로그램이 필요하며, 안전성, 유효성에 관한 시판전후 평가를 강화할 필요가 있다. This study investigated orphan drug policies of Korea, US, EU, and Japan and compared them. We focused on orphan drug designation, R&D support program, marketing authorization, and market exclusivity. The US, EU, and Japanese governments have provided various incentives for orphan drug development including research grants, tax credits for development costs, protocol assistances, and market exclusivity. Those countries designate products as orphan drugs eligible for the supporting programs during the R&D phase. In Korea, the primary purpose of orphan drug policy has been accelerating the provision of orphan drugs most of which are imported drugs developed in other countries. Therefore, designation of orphan drug has been only possible at the marketing approval phase and there have been few R&D support programs. In addition, the regulatory authority has partly skipped evaluation of efficacy and safety. These days, however, there has been much progress in new drug research capacity and increasing number of ongoing projects for orphan drug development in Korea. Considering these changes, orphan drug policy of Korea needs to shift to accelerating drug development and ensuring safety and efficacy through the regulatory process.

지역 간 건강수준 비교를 위한 표준화율 적용의 적절성 평가: 2008년 지역사회건강조사를 바탕으로

권근용,임도상,박은자,정지선,강기원,김윤아,김호,조성일,Kwon, Geun-Yong,Lim, Do-Sang,Park, Eun-Ja,Jung, Ji-Sun,Kang, Ki-Won,Kim, Yun-A,Kim, Ho,Cho, Seong-Il 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.2

Objectives: This study shows the issues that should be considered when applying standardized rates using Community Health Survey(CHS) data. Methods: We analyzed 2008 CHS data. In order to obtain the reliability of standardized rates, we calculated z-score and rank correlation coefficients between direct standardized rate and indirect standardized rate for 31 major indices. Especially, we assessed the change of correlations according to population composition (age and sex), and characteristics of the index. We used Mantel-Haenszel chi-square to quantify the difference of population composition. Results: Among 31 major indices, 29 indices' z-score and rank correlation coefficients were over 0.9. However, regions with larger differences in population composition showed lower reliability. Low reliability was also observed for the indices specific to subgroups with small denominator such as 'permanent lesion from stroke', and the index with large regional variations in age-related differences such as 'obtaining health examinations'. Conclusions: Standardized rates may have low reliability, if comparison is made between areas with extremely large differences in population composition, or for indicies with large regional variations in age-related differences. Therefore, the special features of standardized rates should be considered when health state are compared among areas.

설포라제 캡슐(아세브로필린 100㎎)에 대한 부로필 캡슐의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영 ( Hea Young Cho ),박은자 ( Eun Ja Park ),강현아 ( Hyun Ah Kang ),김세미 ( Se Mi Kim ),박찬호 ( Chan Ho Park ),오인준 ( In Joon Oh ),임동구 ( Dong Koo Lim ),이명희 ( Myung Hee Lee ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2005 약품개발연구지 Vol.14 No.-

한국산 물푸레나무과의 분계적 분석

이상태(Sang Tae Lee),박은자(Eun Ja Park) 한국식물학회 1982 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.25 No.2

In order to elucidate the intergeneric relationships within Korean Oleaceae including the endemic Abeliophyllum distichum, 19 species and 9 varieties of 9 genera were investigated. A eladistic analysis based on 18 characters revealed close relationships among (1) Osmanthus, Chionanthus, Fraxinus, (2) Abeliophyllum, Fontanesia, Forsythia, and (3) Ligustrum, Syringa, and well accorded with the pollen morphological result. Jasminum was connected to the branch of Ligustrum possibly owing to a sampling error. A hypothesis on the origin of Abeliophyllum was drawn that it originated from Fontanesia or less probably from the common ancestor of Fontanesia and Forsythia.

중 · 고령인구에서 비만과 만성질환 관리를 위한 비만 측정 지표 비교

천희란(Heeran Chun),박은자(Eun-Ja Park),김일호(Il-Ho Kim),조성일(Sung-il Cho) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2014 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.31 No.5

외래약국 복약이행도에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구 - 제3기(2005년) 국민건강영양조사자료를 근거로 -

권진원(Jin-Won Kwon),박은자(Eun Ja Park),손현순(Hyun Soon Sohn) 대한약학회 2011 약학회지 Vol.55 No.6

This study was to identify factors influencing drug compliance based on the subjects' interview regarding community pharmacy utilization for 2 weeks, in 2005 KNHANES. Good compliance was regarded as important factors in improving the effectiveness and minimizing adverse drug reaction, resulting in reducing the medical costs. 83% of total 11,208 pharmacy visits in 7,066 subjects showed good compliance. Good satisfaction for pharmacist's medication counseling (OR=2.23, 95% CI 1.92-2.58), higher out-of-pocket money (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.14-1.54), and users of prescription drugs than non-prescription (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.91-2.57) drugs were significant factors for better compliance. Disease of nervous system and mental and behavioral disorders showed lower drug compliance.

메토트렉세이트 치료에 실패한 류마티스관절염 환자에서 에타너셉트 사용에 대한 비용-효과 분석

김종주(Jong Joo Kim),박은자(Eun Ja Park),박세정(Se Jung Park),성윤경(Yun Kyung Sung),배상철(Sang Cheol Bae),이의경(Eui Kyung Lee) 대한약학회 2006 약학회지 Vol.50 No.2

A cost effective analysis was performed for comparing leflunomide + methotrexate. etanercent monotherapy and etanercept + methtrexate for 6 months. For the patients with methotrexate-resistant RA, ACR20 data were extracted from the published clinical trials searched from Pubmed. The direct medical cost was estimated based on ACR guideline and Korean National Health Insurance reimbursement. Combination therapy of etanercept + methotrexate was found to be more cost-effective than etanercept monotherapy, which meant it was a better therapeutic strategy for methotrexate-resistant RA.