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Effects of Biomass Application on Soil Carbon Storage and Mitigation of GHGs Emission in Upland
박우균,김건엽,이선일,신중두,장희영,나운성,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5
This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of CO2 with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g CO2 m-2 in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g CO2 m-2. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg N2O m-2, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg N2O m-2. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton CO2 eq ha-1 yr-1. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.
혐기성소화에서 가축분뇨와 음식물쓰레기의 혼용에 따른 바이오가스 생산 및 소화액의 액비 특성 연구
박우균,박노백,신중두,홍승길,권순익,강기경 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5
Objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of biogas production in anaerobic digestion reactor with different mixing ratio of food waste and swine manure. It was observed that the highest removal efficiency of organic material was 80% at 60 : 40 of mixing ratio (livestock manure : food waste). And also biogas yield was varied due to different mixing ratio of them. The cumulative biogas yield was highest at 60: 40 of mixing rate (livestock manure : food waste). For use of the liquefied fertilizer as effluent from anaerobic digester, it was the limited ratio for 30% of co-digested food waste based on its salt content.
박우균,김건엽,이선일,신중두,장희영,나운성,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and N2O emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, CO2 and N2O emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and 2.6 g kg-1, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, NO3-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 were 28.6, 25.7 and 21.5 mg kg-1 at the end of experiment, respectively. CO2 emission at the 5 Mg ha-1 application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1 treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively. Also, it was shown that N2O emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1, respectively.
변형된 혐기 - 호기법을 이용한 폐수처리에 관한 연구 - 1 . 유기물 농도변화에 따른 영향 -
박우균,정광용,신응배 ( Woo Kyun Park,Kwang Yong Jung,Eung Bai Shin ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.4
In most cases, wastewater treatment processes have been developed for the treatment of organic matters and suspended solids. However, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater have attracted little attention. This study seeks a possibility of cost reduction and of simple to operation through a modification of existing processes which have already been well developed. The study was conducted to evaluate removal efficiencies of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus which are coexistent in wastewater. The laboratory scale experiment was done in using various concentrations of synthetic wastewater. BOD removal efficiency between modified anaerobic-oxic process and activated sludge process was similar 94.7%, 91.4%, respectively. Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal efficiency were 81.67%, 87.91%, respectively in modified anaerobic-oxic process, but nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in activated sludge process were only 32.88%, 65.17%, respectively. The removal efficiency of organic matter in anaerobic-oxic process with was observed to be 94% regardless of influent concentration of organic matter with of wastewater, and over 80% removal being occurred in anaerobic tank. Nitrogen removal efficiency in nitrogen level of 25, 50 and 75㎎/l of inflow were 43.14, 81.67 and 41.54%, respectively. Higher nitrogen removal efficiency was observed with a higher influent concentration of nitrogen. In case of simultaneous result was not observed. The results demonstrated that the modified anaerobic-oxic process may better be applied to a rural treatment plant for a simultaneous removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous.
박우균,이선일,신중두,김근엽,김이현,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
The objectives of this study were to estimate the potential biomass yield by using the biomass conversion index and evaluate the potential energy production by using the energy conversion index of biomass. Estimating the total biomass yield in Korea showed 9,646.3 thousand tons produced in 2012. Subsequent evaluation of the potential energy production using the estimated biomass yield in 2012 indicated that the calorific values were varied from 3,800 to 4,500 kcal kg-1 for crop- and from 4,100 to 4,300 kcal kg-1 for woody-based biomass, respectively. Among the examined biomass materials, the pruned branch of a nut tree appeared to be the greatest in bio-energy production showing 6,300 kcal kg-1 in calorific value. Total potential energy production from agricultural by-products was estimated approximately at 3,966,000 TOE. Among the agricultural by-products examined, rice straw showed the greatest energy production potential being at 2,321,000 TOE. Furthermore, it might contribute to establishing the countermeasures of biomass utility in agricultural sector based on regional distribution chart of the potential biomass and energy yields in Korea.
박우균,정광용,정준영 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.3
음식물 쓰레기 자체미생물에 의한 퇴비화 가능성을 검토하기 위해 음식물 쓰레기 자체 미생물의 분포 및 수를 조사한 결과 30℃에서 세균은 전 시료구에서 10^5-10^7CFU/g, 50℃에서 10^5-10^6 CFU/g이 검출되었다. 효소생산 미생물은 30℃와 50℃에서 amylase, protease 생산균주는 계절에 관계없이 10³-10^7 CFU/g로 검출되었다. 한편 30일간의 퇴비화 실험결과 50℃ 항온에서 음식물 쓰레기만을 이용한 시험구(FW1)는 30℃(FW2) 시험구와 유사하였으나 온도구배 적용구(FW3) 그리고 미생물 부숙제첨가구(FM1, FM2)에 비해 가장 많은 CO₂ gas 발생율을 보였고 유기물 분해율, 조단백함량 변화에 있어서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 퇴비화 과정중 미생물과 효소생산 균주의 변화를 조사한 결과 FW1의 경우 30℃, 50℃, 60℃의 전배양 온도에서 10^5-10^9 CFU/㎖의 세균과 Amylase 및 Protease 생산균주가 검출되어 미생물 부숙제를 첨가한 시험구에 비해 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로 음식물 쓰레기 자체 총균수 및 효소 생산균주 그리고 퇴비과정중의 성분 변화를 고려할 때 50℃의 부숙온도가 가장 효율적이며 음식물 쓰레기 퇴비화에 별도의 미생물 부숙제 사용은 불필요한 것으로 추측된다. This study was conducted to evaluate possibility for composting by microorganisms in food waste itself. In the result of counting of microorgansm in food waste, the number of bacteria growing at 30℃ and 50℃ were counted 10^5-10^7CFU/g and 10^5-10^6 CFU/g in the almost food waste, respectively. Amylase and protease producing microorgansim were counted 10³-10^7 CFU/g at 30℃ and 50℃. In the result of composting for 30 days, FW 1 was reveal that CO₂gas production rate and degradation of organic matter were similar to FW2 but higher than that of FW3, FMl and FM2. Also, In the cases of change of enryme producing microorgansim during the composting, FW 1 were counted 10^5-10^9 CFU/g at 30℃, 50℃ and 60℃ of incubation temperature, while FM1, added to commercial microbial inoculator, were less than that of FM1. Consequently, It was suggested that FW1 was most suitable condition for composting by microorganisms in food waste and there was no need to use microbial inoculator for composting.
Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Upland Soil Applied with Agricultural Biomass
박우균,김건엽,이선일,신중두,장희영,소규호 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.5
NH4-N contents in the soil treated were relatively high in the initial stages, but rapidly decreased at 124 daysafter treatment. NO3-N contents were shown to be opposite patterns of NH4-N contents. CO2 emissions in thenon-treatment and Carbonized rice hull treatment with application of NPK fertilizers decreased by 43.7 and21.9% relative to the non-application of NPK fertilizer plot except 5.4% increasement in the pig manurecompost treatment. N2O emissions of the non-application, the Expander rice hull application, and bio-chartreatment increased by 90, 25, and 21.4%, respectively, but decreased by 54.2% in the pig manure composttreatment applied with NPK fertilizers compared with the NPK fertilizer non-application plot.