PET/CT검사에서 CT의 확대 유효시야 적용이 표준화섭취계수에 미치는 영향

박순기,남기표,김경식,신상기,Park, Soon-Ki,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Shin, Sang-Ki 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of extended CT field of view (FOV) on PET/CT of Standardized uptake value (SUV) when imaging extends beyond the CT FOV. Materials and Methods: CT images were reconstructed at different FOV sizes (500 and 700 mm). Two sets of CT images were reconstructed from the CT projection data by using two FOV sizes. Twenty patients were used in this study. PET images were reconstructed using attenuation maps with 500 mm CT FOV and 700 mm extended CT FOV images. Region of interests (ROIs) drawn on the PET images. In addition, twenty patients' PET images reconstructed by 500 mm CT FOV and 700 mm extended CT FOV were compared with $SUV_{max}$. Results: When using attenuation maps with 700 mm extended CT FOV, the $SUV_{max}$ analysis of liver (p=0.000), lung (p=0.007), mediastinum (p=0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions: 700 mm extended CT FOV helps to recover the true activity distribution in the PET emission data. In addition, 700 mm extended CT FOV has affected SUV measurement of liver, lung, mediastinum.

$^{18}F$-FDG를 이용한 전신 PET 검사에서 혈당 측정 검사지의 정확한 사용에 따른 혈당 수치의 차이 분석

박순기,이남기,남궁창경,정우영,Park, Soon-Ki,Lee, Nam-Ki,NamGung, Chang-Kyung,Jung, Woo-Young 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: $^{18}F$-FDG wholebody PET is to evaluate the tumor using glucose metabolism. The blood glucose level is important factor that affects on a result of examination. High glucose levels may interfere with tumor targeting due to competitive inhibition of FDG uptake by D-glucose. The blood glucose level measurement test strips used in the blood glucose measurement are classified into the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips that can measure the venous blood and capillary blood altogether depends on cases. The purpose of the study was to compare the blood glucose measurements between simultaneously obtained capillary and venous blood samples using the capillary blood measurement test strips, general purpose measurement test strips. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 subjects (32 males, 14 females) with a mean age of $57.3{\pm}12.3$ years were enrolled. The blood glucose estimation was performed with a Optium Xceed Glucometer (Abbott). Simultaneous capillary and venous blood samples were obtained from each subject. The blood glucose levels were measured using the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips. The capillary and venous measurements were compared using a pared t-test. Results: The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the general purpose measurement test strips were $95.2{\pm}12.4$ mg/dL and $104.1{\pm}14.4$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (9.0 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) -11.2 to -6.7). The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the capillary blood measurement test strips were $91.5{\pm}13.6$ mg/dL and $108.6{\pm}16.2$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (16.6 mg/dL; 95% CI -20.2 to -13.0). Conclusion: When measuring the blood glucose level before $^{18}F$-FDG PET examination, since the incorrect blood glucose level can be measured, it should note to measure the blood glucose level of the venous blood by the capillary blood measurement test strips. Therefore the measurement variation can be reduced to fulfill the standardized measurement procedure with the suitable measurement test strips, the preparation of the PET examination will be able to be clearly confirmed. In addition, the standardized procedure of the following measurement on the area which is same at all times the blood area in the blood glucose measurement among a capillary or a vein will be needed. $^{18}F$-FDG PET 검사는 포도당 대사를 이용하여 전신의 종양을 평가하는 검사로 전처치 과정에서 혈당 측정의 중요성이 매우 높다. 혈당 수치가 높은 상태에서 FDG를 투여하면 FDG와 혈중 포도당이 세포 내 흡수에 서로 경쟁하게 되고 종양으로의 FDG 섭취가 감소되어 정확한 검사가 되지 않을 가능성이 있다. 혈당 측정에 사용되는 혈당 측정 검사지는 경우에 따라 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지와 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지로 구분되어 있는데, 정확한 혈당 측정 검사지(스트립)의 사용에 따른 혈당 수치의 차이를 비교 분석 하였다. 연구 대상은 2010년 3월부터 4월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 $^{18}F$-FDG whole body PET 검사를 시행한 환자 중 46명(남자: 32명, 여자: 14명, 평균연령 $57.3{\pm}12.3$세) 을 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 실험기기는 Abbott사의 Optium Xceed혈당 측정기를 이용하였고, 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지를 사용하여 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치의 차이를 분석하였다. 또한, 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지를 사용하여 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 분석방법은 MINITAB 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 paired t-test 검정을 시행하였다. 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지로 측정한 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 각각$95.2{\pm}12.4$ mg/dL, $104.1{\pm}14.4$ mg/dL (t=8.0, p<0.001)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지로 측정한 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 각각 $91.5{\pm}13.6$ mg/dL, $108.1{\pm}16.2$ mg/dL (t=9.2, p<0.001)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 선행연구에 의하면 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 여러 가지 이유로 인해 차이가 있는 것으로 보고 되었고 본 연구의 결과도 유사한 차이를 확인하였다. $^{18}F$-FDG PET 검사 전에 혈당 수치를 측정할 때 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지로 정맥혈의 혈당을 측정하는 것은 부정확한 혈당 수치를 측정할 수 있으므로 주의해야 할 것이다. 그러므로 적합한 측정 검사지와 규정된 측정절차를 이행하는 것이 측정 편차를 줄일 수 있어 PET 검사의 전처치를 보다 명확하게 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 혈당 측정 시에 혈액 채취 부위를 모세혈관 또는 정맥혈관 중에서 항상 동일한 부위에서 측정하는 등의 표준화 과정이 필요할 것이다.

김 아타의 작품에 나타나는 공간과 시간과 불교사상에 대한 연구

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2010 AURA Vol.0 No.23

Characteristics of Atta Kim`s works have been changed and developed from realism to Buddhism in 4 stages. In the first stage (1985∼1992), the idea of realism was represented in his works. Atta Kim thought he could show the real world in his photographs. In the second stage (1992∼1994), the idea of deconstruction in them was developed from the realism. In the third stage (1995∼2002), he tried to show the idea of Buddhism in his works. His conviction of realism had been changed to nirvana of Buddhism through the deconstruction in the second stage. After that, he could express the idea of "the world(色) is only human prejudice(空)" in his works as Buddha understood. In the fourth stage (2002 to present), the idea of Buddhism in them has been developed in various ways. He designed his works for showing the idea of Buddhism by setting a naked human in the transparent glass, and using the multiple exposures and the long exposure in a picture. His elaborate scheme has been succeeded in his works and Photography can carry out its role as the media of the expression for Atta Kim to represent Buddhism.

유사한 구조를 가진 사진을 포함한 시각예술 작품들 간의 비교분석 방법론에 대한 고찰

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2010 AURA Vol.0 No.22

For the sake of understanding an art work correctly, it is important not only to analyze the art work itself but also to compare the characteristics of it with the others. Many art works including photograph have a same inner structure which can be explained by mathematical models even though it seems they have different styles and characteristics. If we can know they have a same structure, it is easy to compare the characteristics and difference between them. Also if we classify many works in a same category according to each structure, we can save our effort and time for understanding various art works as a small number of classifications of the structure. The process of the comparative and analytical methodology for visual works is as follows; the first step is to select art works estimated to have the similarity, the second is to analyze the inner structure in them with a mathematical model and the third is to compare the similarity and difference between them.

Molecular approaches on pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Soon Ki Park(박순기) 한국생명과학회 2004 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.41 No.-

충북지역 고등학생의 학교급식 식재료 원산지 및 영양표시에 대한 인식

박순기(Soon Ki Park),이인선(In Seon Lee),김향숙(Hyang Sook Kim) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2011 생활과학연구논총 Vol.15 No.2

Currently, schools deal ingredient origin and nutrition labeling school lunch. But, the actual effectiveness for the students is being questioned. Accordingly, this study will look into the recognition on ingredient origin and nutrition labeling of high school lunch by student in Chungbuk area. Then offer the study data on the strategy for effective use ingredient origin and nutrition labeling of school lunch and nutrition labeling. They were not much aware ingredient origin and nutrition labeling, hardly identifying them. Their reason for identifying them was ‘to know the calories on weight watch basis’ and the reason for not identifying was ‘their indifference to the ingredient origin’. The causes for their unconcern for the ingredient origin and nutrition labeling were ‘there are all homegrown’ and the causes for their difficulty in understanding ingredient origin and nutrition labeling were ‘there are too many kinds of nutrition to understand’. Their perception of ingredient origin and nutrition labeling appeared significantly different between male and female students, the mean score of female students was higher than that of male students. In affiliation, the mean score of academic high school was higher than that of vocational high school. But the difference was insignificant level. In grade, the mean score of 2nd graders was higher than that of 1st, 3rd graders without significant differences. The proper spot for ingredient origin and nutrition labeling appeared to be ‘Homepage’. For the question whether the change of nutrition labeling once in a week into everyday would be appropriate, the mean score of female students was higher than that of male students in sex, and in grade, 3rd grade was the highest, and vocational high school was higher than academic high school in affiliation. But there weren’t any significant differences. Desirable nutritions labeling for school lunch was ‘the kinds of present nutrients are good enough’. The most interesting thing among nutrition labeling examples is the data of mixed nutrition labeling and data for nutrition education.

T-DNA 형질전환법에 의한 웅성불임 돌연변이체의 선발

박순기(Soon Ki Park),최홍집(Hong Jib Choi),윤용휘(Yong Hwi Yoon),강홍규(Hong Kyu Kang),김달웅(Dal Ung Kim) 경북대학교 생명공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.1

N/A

미국인들과 이후의 사진에 나타난 로버트 프랭크의 인지구조(시공간인식)의 변화

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2009 AURA Vol.0 No.20

Robert Frank`s works could be characterized by two periods. The first is the period of realistic pictures as `The Americans` published in 1958. In the book, he, as a European immigrant, criticized the contradictory circumstances in America with the realistic view point. Especially he pointed out the State as the industrialized democratic society ignores the human personality and lords her people over. Such criticism could be done only by Robert Frank who had experienced two different cultures. The second is the period of complex pictures he has made after 1960. At first he had taken motion pictures and experienced the new expressions like multi view points and editing. The basis of the complex pictures was formed by such techniques. In the complex pictures, he represented the dual aspects of life as happiness and unhappiness that Robert Frank had experienced such severe sorrows of his daughter`s death and divorce, etc. So he always set the scene of seashore with the sky and the sea in the picture which symbolize the dual aspects of life. The change in his works was caused by the change of his cognitive structure which was the result of his life experience and means the change from Realism to Modernism. In the conclusion, he accomplished two outstanding achievements with different view points and techniques.

고속철도 PSC 박스 거더교의 최적설계에 관한 연구

이승엽(Seung-Yup Lee),박순응(Soon-Eung Park),박순기(Soon-Ki Park),이두형(Doo-Hyeong Lee),서충인(Choong-In Seo),박상기(Sang-Ki Park) 한국철도학회 2014 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 유전자 알고리즘과 신뢰성 해석을 이용하여 고속철도 PSC 박스거더교의 최적설계를 수행할 수 있는 자동화된 프로그램을 개발하는데 있다. 교량 단면은 단일박스로 중앙경간과 좌우대칭 측경간의 3경간 연속교이다. 최적설계의 목적함수는 콘크리트 단면과 프리스트레싱 케이블의 경비이며, 제약조건식은 구조적 안전성과 응력, 처짐으로 구성하였다. 설계변수는 단면의 기하학적 치수와 케이블의 면적이다. In this research, the main purpose is to develop an automatic processing program for optimal design of high-speed railway PSC box girder bridges using the genetic algorithm and reliability analysis. The cross section of bridge is limited to a single-cell box and longitudinal configuration is formed by three spans where the center span is twice as long as the side spans. The objective function is estimated in terms of concerte section and prestressing cable costs, the constraint equations are necessary to obtain a functional and safe structure. There are several problems such as geometic, stress and deflection constraint. The design variables are the geometric dimensions of the cross section and the prestressing cable areas.

부분 체적 효과에서 회복 계수를 이용한 보정 전과 후 SUV의 비교 분석

고현수,박순기,최재민,김정선,정우영,Ko, Hyun-Soo,Park, Soon-Ki,Choi, Jae-Min,Kim, Jung-Sun,Jung, Woo-Young 대한핵의학기술학회 2011 핵의학 기술 Vol.15 No.1

추적 검사에서의 PET/CT 재구성 영상은 추적자의 분포를 균일하고 정확하게 표현하여야 일관된 정량분석 값을 제공 할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 PET/CT 장비의 제한된 공간분해능 때문에 발생하는 부분 체적 효과(Partial Volume Effect: PVE)로 인해 관심영역의 방사능 농도가 실제의 값보다 낮게 측정될 가능성이 있고, 따라서 관심부위의 SUV가 실제 값보다 낮게 측정 될 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 PET/CT 스캐너의 PVE를 보정하는 회복계수(Recovery Coefficient: RC)를 팬텀 실험을 통해 산출하고, 실제 PET/CT 검사 자료에 적용하여 보정 전과 후 SUV를 비교 분석 하고자 한다. ACR phantom을 이용하여 1000 mL의 증류수에 20.72 MBq (0.56 mCi)을 균일하게 희석하고 열소 원통 (hot cylinder-2.5, 1.6, 1.2, 0.8 cm in diameter)에 주입하였다. 또한 6440 ml의 증류수에 33.30 MBq (0.90 mCi), 22.20 MBq (0.60 mCi), 16.65 MBq (0.45mCi)을 균일하게 희석하고 배후 방사능을 채워 열소 원통과 배후방사능이 각각 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 (Hot/Background ratio: H/B ratio)이 되도록 만들어 3회 반복 실험하였다. 서울아산병원의 Biograph Truepoint 40 (SIEMENS, Germany) 장비로 whole body protocol을 사용하여 phantom 실험 및 환자 검사를 시행하였다. 2010년 7월부터 8월까지 서울아산병원에서 PET/CT 검사 후 폐암으로 판정 받은 환자 30명을 대상으로, 본 연구의 결과에서 산출된 RC를 적용하여 PVE 보정 전과 후 SUV를 비교 분석하였다. 열소 원통과 배후방사능이 4:1일 때 2.5, 1.6, 1.2, 0.8 cm 에서의 RC는 각각 0.75, 0.72, 0.40, 0.27이었고, 6:1일 때 0.74, 0.59, 0.55, 0.43이었으며, 8:1일 때 0.77, 0.76, 0.58, 0.42로 열소 영역의 크기가 작아질수록 RC가 감소하였다. 폐암으로 판정 받은 환자 중에서 30명의 환자를 무작위 표본 추출하여 보정 전과 후의 SUV 최대값을 비교 분석 한 결과, 보정 전 평균은 7.83이었고 보정 후 평균은 10.31이었다. 또한 보정 전과 후의 SUV 최대값을 대응 표본 t 검정으로 차이를 분석한 결과, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=7.21, p=0.000). PVE에 의해서 과소 평가 되었던 보정 전의 SUV가 보정 후에는 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 병변의 크기와 H/B ratio가 환자마다 제각기 다른 값을 갖기 때문에, RC를 사용하여 PVE를 보정한 SUV가 정확한 값이라고 판단하기는 어려우나 PVE에 의해 감소된 SUV를 실제 값과 유사하게 보정할 수 있는 방법일 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The partial volume effect occurs because of limit of the spatial resolution. It makes partial loss of intensity and causes SUV to be lower than it should actually be. So the purpose of this study is to calculate recovery coefficient for correcting PVE from phantom study and to compare before and after SUV correction applying to PET/CT examination. Materials and Methods: The flangeless Esser PET phantom consisting of four hot cylinders was used for this study. All of the hot cylinders were filled with FDG solution of 20.72 MBq per 1000 ml, and the phantom background was filled with FDG solution of different concentrations (33.30, 22.20, 16.65 MBq per 6440 ml) to yield H/B ratios of around 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1. Using the Biograph Truepoint 40(SIEMENS, Germany), we applied recovery coefficient method to 30 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer after PET/CT exam. And then we analyzed and compared SUV before and after correcting partial volume effect. Results: The smaller the diameter of hot cylinder becomes, the more recovery coefficient decreased. When we applied recovery coefficient to clinical patients and compared SUV before and after correcting PVE, before the correction all lesions gave an average max SUV of 7.83. And after the correction, the average max SUV increases to 10.31. The differences in the max SUV between before and after correction were analyzed by paired t test. As a result, there were statistically significant differences (t=7.21, p=0.000). Conclusion: The SUV for quantification should be measured precisely to give consistent information of tumor uptake. But PVE is one of factors that causes SUV to be lower and to be underestimated. We can correct this PVE and calculate corrected SUV using the recovery coefficient from phantom study. And if we apply this correction method to clinical patients, we can finally assess and provide quantitative analysis more accurately.