음식물류폐기물의 호기성 퇴비화에 있어서 목재세편의 투입비에 따른 곰팡이의 균락형성단위의 변화에 관한 연구

박석환,Park, Seok-Hwan 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.5

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of input ratios of bulking material in aerobic composting of food wastes on variation of colony forming units(CFU) of fungi. Wood chips were used as a bulking material. Volume ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, WC-1 and WC-2 were 10/0, 10/5 and 10/10, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with I hour stirring by 1rpm and 2 hours of the forced aeration rate of $80L/min{\cdot}m^3$ per day. WC-2 reached high temperature range faster than WC-1, and the maximum temperature of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. WC-2 reached high pH range faster than WC-1. and the maximum pH of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. WC-2 reached high Log(CFU/gram) range faster than WC-I, and the maximum Log(CFU/gram) of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. These all mean that the reaction velocity of composting of WC-2 was faster than that of WC-1. The profile of fungi changes in Log(CFU/gram) was similar to that of temperature changes (r=0.8861) not pH changes (r=0.1631).

음식물류폐기물의 호기성 퇴비화에 있어서 팽화재 투입비에 따른 타가영양세균의 균락형성단위의 변화에 관한 연구

박석환,Park, Seok-Hwan 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of input ratios of bulking material in aerobic composting of food wastes on variation of colony forming units of heterotrophic bacteria. Wood chips were used as a bulking material. Volume ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, WC-1 and WC-2 were 10/0, 10/5 and 10/10, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1hour stirring by 1rpm and 2 hours of the forced aeration per day. WC-2 reached high temperature range faster than WC-1, and the maximum temperature of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. This means that the reaction velocity of composting of WC-2 was faster than that of WC-1. Judging from the profile of pH changes, composting of WC-1 proceeded slowly and continuously. Composting of WC-2 proceeded rapidly in the former half reaction period, and kept steady state of high pH in the latter half reaction period. Namely, composting of WC-2 was nearly completed in the former half reaction period. In the case of WC-1 and WC-2. the maximum temperature was followed by the rapid pH increase in 2-3 days, and this was followed by the maximum Colony Forming Units(CFU) in 3 days. But, these three items of WC-2 always appeared faster and higher than those of WC-1.

음식물쓰레기의 호기성 퇴비화 전과 후의 세척에 따른 염분도와 퇴비화효율 비교

박석환,Park Seok Hwan 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of washing food wastes before aerobic composting on temperature, pH and salinity, and the effects of washing after composting on salinity of sample mixtures. Weight ratios of food wastes to water in washing were 1:0(Control), 1:1(W-1), 1:2(W-2), 1:3(W-3) and 1:0(N-4), respectively. Ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and N-1 were $5\;kg:0\iota,\;5\;kg:5\iota,\;5\;kg:5\iota,\;5\;kg:5\iota\;and\;5\;kg:5\iota$, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours of forced aeration per day. The increase in the ratio of water to food wastes resulted in the increase of the maximum reaction temperature and the shortening of the high temperature reaction period. The increase in the ratio of water to food wastes also resulted in faster reaching to the lowest pH and then to the steady state of pH 9.0. The final salinities of Control, N-1, W-1, W-2 and W-3 were $1.04\%,\;0.92\%,\;0.78\%,\;0.64\%\;and\;0.53\%$, respectively. The salinities of the N-l samples which were washed by the weight ratios (water:N-l) of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 after composting were $0.72\%,\;0.61\%\;and\;0.51\%$, respectively. Therefore, washing food wastes before aerobic composting is more efficient method than that after aerobic composting.

웹툰 산업의 실태와 문제점

박석환 ( Seok Hwan Park ) 가톨릭대학교 콘텐츠산업과 문화정책연구소 2009 디지털콘텐츠와 문화정책 Vol.4 No.-

포털 웹툰 플랫폼의 산업 규모와 운영 정책 모델 연구

박석환(Seok hwan Park) 한국애니메이션학회 2014 애니메이션연구 Vol.10 No.2

웹툰이라는 용어가 신문 지상에 처음 등장한 것은 2000년 ‘동영상 만화 웹툰 새 장르 펼친다’라는 제하의 기사를 통해서다. 초기에는 웹애니메이션을 의미했다. 2003년 강풀이 <순정만화>를 연재하면서 컷과 페이지를 구분하지 않고 세로로 길게 펼쳐진 만화 형식을 선보였고 이후 이와 같은 형식의 만화를 ‘웹툰’이라 불렀다. 이 시기를 전후로 웹툰은 한국만화의 새로운 작가그룹과 작품형식을 대표하는 용어가 됐다. 포털사이트 다음과 네이버는 웹툰의 창작과 소비를 관장하고 신예 작가와 작품을 육성하는 한편, 신규 소비자와 관련 기업을 시장으로 유입시키는 역할을 했다. 그로부터 10여 년이 흐르고 이제 웹툰은 한국만화를 대표하는 장르가 됐고 콘텐츠산업계의 중심이 됐다. 포털의 역할이 컸지만 포털의 과도한 지배구조를 걱정하고 비판하는 견해도 있다. 이 같은 부정론은 포털의 수익구조와 운영정책에 대한 비판으로 이어졌다. 하지만 다수의 견해가 정확한 데이터나 이론에 입각한 것이 아니고 잘 못된 지표에 의한 추정인 경우가 많아서 내외부적 혼란이 야기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기존 문헌조사와 전문가 인터뷰를 중심으로 포털웹툰 산업에 대한 비용과 수익 규모가 연 1,500억 원 규모임을 산정해 냈다. 또한, 포털웹툰 플랫폼에 참여하고 있는 주최들 간의 관계를 바탕으로 포털의 플랫폼운영정책 모델이 파놉티콘형 구조를 취하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이 같은 연구결과는 포털이 좀 더 적극적으로 운영 현황을 공개하고 공유해야 한다는 요구가 될 수 있다. 최근 네이트, 케이티 등 이동통신 기반의 기업이 웹툰산업에 참여하고 있고 중소형 웹툰 플랫폼이 다수 운영되면서 포털 중심의 시장현황에 대한 변화가 감지되고 있지만 아직 그 규모나 영향력은 제한적이다. 결국 포털웹툰 플랫폼의 과도하게 집중화된 운영정책을 합리적으로 분산 집중화하고 이를 기반으로 만화산업의 다양성을 확보하는 방안이 필요하다. The term webtoon first appeared on a newspaper in 2000 on the newspaper article titled ‘video cartoon, webtoon, is opening a new genre.’ In early days, it meant web-based animation. In 2003 through a cartoon series of 〈Romance Comics〉, Kangful showed a new form of cartoon that is spread in lengthways without the distinction between cuts and pages. Whereafter, this forms of cartoons began to be called ‘webtoons.’ Before and after that period, the word webtoon has become a terminology that represents the new Korean cartoonist group and the new cartoon form. The internet portal sites Daum and Naver have encouraged the creation and consumption of the cartoons with promoting new cartoonists and their works. As such, those portal sites have played a leading role in the inflow of new consumers and related enterprises into the market. Ten years later since that period, now the webtoon became a Korean representative cartoon genre and the center of contents industry. In this process, the roles of portal sites were considerable. However, their overwhelming market dominating powers have been concerned and criticized. These negative perspectives were extended to the criticisms on the portals’ profit structures and management policies. Considerable cases of those criticisms, however, have been raised on the basis of not accurate data or theoretical references but incorrect data and consequent estimations. Thus, internal and external confusions have been produced. In this context, present research estimated that a total cose-profit size of portal webtoon industry is approximately 150 billion won a year, through reviewing of previous literature and interviewing with related experts, Furthermore, the research found that portals’ platform management models have structures of panopticon, on the basis of the investigation into the relationship between main actors who participate in portal webtoon platforms, These results imply that portals need to disclose their management statuses so that people can share the information. The results also imply that portals’ webtoons management policies need to pursue deconcentration because those policies tend to be excessively concentrated regardless of intentions.

스펙트럼 풀링 및 사업자간 협력신호처리를 통한 셀룰러 시스템 상향링크 성능 향상

박석환(Seok-Hwan Park) 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

Energy Storage System의 발전소내 계통 설치에 따른 안정도 해석

박석환(Seok-Hwan Park),임정묵(Jeong-Muk Lim),Nam Du Nguyen Hoang,Van Thang Nguyen,정인영(In-Young Chung),황영하(Young-ha Hwang),윤주영(Juyoung Youn),윤민한(Minhan Yoon),심재웅(Jae Woong Shim) 대한전기학회 2020 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

잔반 중의 대장균군의 측정에 있어서 색원체 기질 가수분해법과 복수시험관 발효법의 민감도에 관한 연구

박석환(Seok-Hwan Park) 서원대학교 미래창조연구원 1998 응용과학연구 Vol.7 No.1

전기방사에 의한 Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylpyrrolidone 탄소나노섬유의 전기화학적인 특성

박석환 ( Seok Hwan Park ),주동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Ju ),이완진 ( Wan Jin Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2009 응용화학 Vol.13 No.1

Activated carbon nanofibers was prepared by three-step thermal process as-prepared nanofiber obtained by electrospinning the mixed polymer solution, consisted of PAN and PVP in DMF. The ratios of PAN to PVP was 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4, and three-step thermal treatment was stabilization, carbonation, and activation. When PVP content increased to 30 wt%, the diameter of carbon nanofibers gradually decreased. For 40 wt% PVP, their diameter rather increased by forming beads to electrospun nanofibers caused by the effect of the decreased viscosity. With PVP content increasing to 30 wt%, the profile of CV showed more expanded rectangle-like shape, the area of rectangle decreased a little. The reason for the best electrochemical performance for 30 wt% PVP-added carbon nanofibers is that ion mobility get to be facilitated by increasing surface area with more mesoporosity.

공공건축 건축기획업무 수행 현황 분석 및 개선 방향 - 공공건축 사업계획 사전검토 사업을 대상으로 -

박석환(Park, Seok-Hwan),이혜원(Lee, Hye-won),양은영(Yang, Eun-Young) 대한건축학회 2022 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.38 No.6

To establish and vitalize a public building’s pre-architectural planning, this study intends to derive specific analysis items, determine the current status and navigate system improvements. The pre-architectural planning analysis items were prepared by comparing and analyzing the Pre-architectural Planning Task Performance Guideline items and the preliminary review items; a total of 346 actual public building projects were analyzed. On average, 45.69% of 68 items were performed, however, details on materializing public characteristics, improving the class and design details regarding the project management systems were insufficient. As a result of conducting a one-way ANOVA on the use of buildings, institutions, and construction methods, it was found that the ordering institutions and construction methods had an impact on the current status of construction planning. The correlation according to the size of the design cost was judged to be minimal. Therefore, a plan to differentiate planning work based on these institutions and construction methods including subdividing the system improvement direction items were proposed.