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타입 3 극저온 추진제 탱크의 액체질소저장 시험 및 파손 분석
강상국(Sang-Guk Kang),김명곤(Myung-Gon Kim),박상욱(Sang-Wuk Park),김천곤(Chun-Gon Kim),공철원(Cheol-Won Kong) 한국항공우주학회 2007 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.35 No.7
최근에 발사체의 경량화를 위해 추진제 탱크의 재료를 복합재료로 대체하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 극저온용으로 개발된 복합재와 알루미늄 라이너로 구성된 타입 3 추진제 탱크를 제작하고 실제 극저온 상태의 운용환경을 고려한 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 액체 질소를 제직된 타입 3 탱크에 주입하고 기체 질소를 이용하여 가압하였다. 실험수행과정에서 헬리컬 층과 후프 층 사이에서 층간 분리 현상이 관찰되었으며, 이에 대한 원인을 분석하기 위해 해석적 방법과 실험적 방법이 사용되었다. 해석적 방법에서는 점진적 파손 해석을 고려한 열탄성 해석으로부터 파손 지수를 평가하였으며 실험적 방법에서는 타입 3 탱크를 쉽게 모사할 수 있는 복합재/알루미늄 링 시편의 액체 질소 담금 시험을 통해 헬리컬 층과 후프 층 사이의 계면을 관찰하였다. Nowadays, researches for replacing material systems for cryotanks by composites have been being performed for the purpose of lightweight launch vehicle. In this paper, a type 3 propellant tank, which is composed of the composite developed for cryogenic use and an aluminum liner, was fabricated and tested considering actual operating environment, that is, cryogenic temperature and pressure. For this aim, liquid nitrogen (LN₂) was injected into the fabricated tank and in tum, gaseous nitrogen (GN₂) was used for pressurization. During this test procedure, strains and temperatures on the tank surface were measured. The delamination between hoop layer and helical one, was detected during the experiment. Several attempts were followed to investigate the cause analytically and experimentally. Thermo-elastic analysis in consideration of the progressive failure was done to evaluate the failure index. Experimental approach through a LN₂ immersion test of composite/ aluminum ring specimens suitable for simulating the Type 3 tank structure.
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청소년의 사회인구학적 특성과 여가 활동 참가 및 참가 유형에 관한 연구
박상욱,최철호,김중언 圓光大學校附設 生活體育硏究所 1998 生活體育硏究 Vol.9 No.-
The purpose of this study is to leisure activity participation and participation style in juvenile of sociodemographic characteristics. The survey objects of this study were adolescents of high schools in Seoul, and 1;012 samples were selected by random sampling considering sex and school properties. The experimental tool was a guestionnaire on self-confidence, emotion, psychological happiness. The analysis results of the relation between sociodemographical background/ leisure activity participation/ participation type, and self- confidence/ emotion state/ psychological well-being/ are as the followings. 1) In the case of leisure activity participation, girl students are higher than boy students (54.4% : 45.6%). The lower the graade is , the higher the participation is. (1st grade 46.6% : 2nd grade 27.1% : 3rd grade 26.3%) In the case of leisure activity participation according to scholar score, middle-score students (54.1%), low-students (26.8%), high-score students(19.2%) are higher in order. In the case of leisure activity participation according to subjective heath level, normal level(67.2%), good level (22.2%), bad level (10.6%) are higher in order. 2) In the case of participation, type according to sex, of boy students , sports (44.5%), game & entertainment (27.7%), viewing & appreciation (16.0%) , hobby & culture (7.7%), social intercourse(3.7%), sightseeing & pleasure (0.1%) are higher in order, of girl students, viewing & appreciation(35.7%), game & entertainment (23.4%), hobby & culture (18.0), sports (13.5%), social intercourse (8.1%), sightseeing & pleasure (1.2%) are higher in order. 3) In the case of participation, type according to grade, of the 1st grade, sports (26.1%), viewing & appreciation(26.1%), game & entertainment (25.3%), hobby & culture (16.5%), social intercourse (5.6%), sightseeing & pleasure (0.1%) are higher in order. Of the 2nd grade, sports (31.7%), viewing & appreciation (28.6%), game & entertainment (22.6%), hobby & culture (9.0%), social intercourse(7.5%), sightseeing & pleasure (0.5%) are higher in order. Of the 3rd grade, sports (29.5%), game & entertainment (28.5%), sightseeing & pleasure (0.5%) are higher in order. 4) In the case of participation type according to scolar score, of low score, sports(28.2%), game & eutertainment (26.7%), viewing & apperciation (23.1%), hobby & culture(11.3%), soceal intercourse(8.7%), Of middle score, sports(29.3%), game & entertainment(25.8%), Uiewing & appreciation(24.9%), hobby & culture(14.2%), social intercourse(5.3%), sightseeing & pleause(0.5%) are higher in order. Of high score, Viewing & appreciation(34.0%), sports(26.3%), game & entertainment(23.1%), hobby & culture(12.2%), social intercourse(0.9%), sightseeing & pleasure(0.0%) are higher in order. 5) In the case of participation type according to health level, of "bad" level, Viewing & appreciation(28.1%), sports(25.8%), game & entertainment(22.5%), social intercourse(12.4%), hobby & culture(10.1%), sightseeing & pleasure(1.1%) are higher in order. Of "normal" level, Viewing & appreciation(28.1%), game & entertainment(27.8%), sports(25.4%), hobby & culture(14.7%), social intercourse(12.4%), Sightseeing & pleasure(1.0%) are higher in order. Of "very good" level, sports(38.1%) Viewing & appreciation(24.9%), game & entertainment(20.4%), hobby & culture(9.9%), social intercourse(6.6%) sightseeing & pleasure(0.0%) are higher in order.
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